Relationship between physical activity and physical fitness in school-aged children with developmental language disorders

Children with developmental language disorders (DLD) often experience difficulty in understanding and engaging in interactive behavior with other children, which may lead to reduced daily physical activity and fitness levels. The present study evaluated the physical activity and physical fitness levels of 8–11 year old children with DLD (n = 27) and compared this to typically developing (TD) age and gender matched controls (n = 27). In addition, it was investigated whether interrelationships existed between physical activity and physical fitness in children with DLD and in TD children. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Physical fitness was measured using five tests of the Eurofit test battery (standing broad jump (SBJ), sit-ups (SUP), handgrip (HG), 10 × 5 m shuttle run (10 × 5 m SR), and the 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SR)). Physical activity of children with DLD did not significantly differ from TD children. Physical fitness of children with DLD was significantly lower on the SBJ, SUP, HG and 10 × 5 m SR than TD controls, while no significant difference was found on the 20 m SR. Strong significant relationships were found between physical activity variables and sedentary behavior and some physical fitness measures (SBJ and SUP) in children with DLD, while in TD children a strong significant relationship was found between time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity and performance on the SBJ. This study reveals important differences in fitness between children with DLD and TD children, which should be taken into account when creating physical activity interventions. Special attention has to be paid to children with DLD who show low physical activity and low physical fitness performance.     

耐多药肺结核患者呼吸道感染的病原菌耐药性分析

目的了解耐多药肺结核患者呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性,为正确选择抗菌药物治疗提供依据。方法选取2007年1月-2013年1月治疗的耐多药肺结核患者87例,采集患者痰标本进行培养及药敏试验,分析病原菌种类及耐药性,数据采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 87例患者痰标本培养出病原菌178株,其中革兰阴性菌124株占69.66%,革兰阳性球菌12株占6.74%,真菌42株占23.60%;金黄色葡萄球菌对氨苄西林、阿奇霉素及青霉素G的耐药率分别为100.00%、85.71%及100.00%;肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟、氨曲南、环丙沙星的耐药率分别为97.37%、94.94%、97.37%;真菌对酮康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑有不同程度的耐药性,对两性霉素B的耐药率为0。结论革兰阴性杆菌是耐多药肺结核患者呼吸道感染的主要病原菌,真菌感染的比例较大,革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌均对常用的抗菌药物的耐药性较高,临床应根据细菌培养及药敏试验结果选用合理的抗菌药物,以增强疗效及降低耐药率。     

Associations of overall sitting time and sitting time in different contexts with depression,anxiety, and stress symptoms

Spending a lot of time sitting has been linked to more depressive symptoms and spending a lot of time engaged in screen-based sitting has been linked to greater likelihood of having mental disorders and poorer psychological distress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether overall sitting time and time spent sitting in different contexts was associated with depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms. Sitting time (time spent sitting on typical work- and non-work days while engaged in leisure activities, working, using a computer, watching television, and in transport) and symptom severity of depression, anxiety, and stress were self-reported in a cross-sectional online survey in 2012 by Australian adults (N = 1,104, 55% female, M age = 58 years). Associations were examined using negative binomial regression analyses accounting for the covariates of physical activity, sex, age, income, education, and presence of chronic conditions. Overall sitting time was significantly associated with more severe depression (b = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.02) and anxiety (b = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.04) but not stress (b = 0.01, 95% CI = −0.00 to 0.02) symptoms. Time spent sitting while at a computer was associated with more severe depression (b = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.07) and anxiety (b = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.06) symptoms, and time spent sitting while in transport was associated with more severe anxiety (b = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.13) and stress (b = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.08) symptoms. Limiting overall sitting time and time spent sitting while at a computer or in transport could be potential strategies to improve mental health.     

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM SOUTHERN MINAS GERAIS CERRADO

The antimicrobial activity of plant hidroethanolic extracts on bacteria Gram positive, Gram negative, yeasts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and Mycobacterium bovis was evaluated by using the technique of Agar diffusion and microdilution in broth. Among the extracts evaluated by Agar diffusion, the extract of Bidens pilosa leaf presented the most expressive average of haloes of growth inhibition to the microorganisms, followed by the extract of B. pilosa flower, of Eugenia pyriformis'' leaf and seed, of Plinia cauliflora leaf which statistically presented the same average of haloes inhibitory formation on bacteria Gram positive, Gram negative and yeasts. The extracts of Heliconia rostrata did not present activity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) appeared resistant to all the extracts. The susceptibility profile of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi were compared to one another and to the Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and the Gram negative Salmonella typhimurium bacteria (p > 0.05). The evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried out on C6-36 larvae cells of the Aedes albopictus mosquito. The extracts of stem and flower of Heliconia rostrata, leaf and stem of Plinia cauliflora, seed of Anonna crassiflora and stem, flower and root of B. pilosa did not present toxicity in the analyzed concentrations. The highest rates of selectivity appeared in the extracts of stem of A. crassiflora and flower of B. pilosa to Staphylococcus aureus, presenting potential for future studies about a new drug development.     

中医药不同时机介入治疗脑梗死急性期

目的探讨中医药对脑梗死急性期患者不同时机介入治疗的疗效。方法在脑梗死急性期患者常规治疗的基础上,采用中医药介入疗法,时间点选择在治疗的第1、3、5、7天,利用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表及日常生活活动量表(Brathel指数)等方法分析其临床疗效。结果Ⅲ组(第3天)介入中医药治疗总有效率为95.0%,优于其他各组。结论第3天介入中医药治疗效果最为明显,是相对平衡的介入时间点。     

Patients on the Move!

Recently, the Surgeon General put out a Call to Action “To Promote Walking and Walkable Communities.” Walking is a powerful health promotion activity that nurse practitioners (NPs) can quickly prescribe as part of a management plan for the vast majority of their patients. NPs are key health care professionals in the promotion of walking and other physical activity for their patients across the life span. NPs should be familiar with physical activity recommendations for all of their patients, including patients with disabilities. NPs need to be able to assess physical activity as well as prescribe individualized physical activity plans.