Maximal oxygen uptake,anthropometry and physical activity in a randomly selected sample of 8 and 13 year old children in Sweden

Summary Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed in 101 randomly selected 8 and 13 year old children. In both age groups a significantly higher aerobic capacity was found in boys than in girls, both in absolute terms and when maximal oxygen uptake was related to body weight, lean body mass and lean leg volume. Among girls, maximal oxygen uptake per kg body weight was lower in the older than in the younger (p<0.05). Estimation of spontaneous physical activity, by means of a questionnaire and the actometry method, indicated that physical activity was greater in children with a high than in those with a low aerobic capacity.     

慢性老年精神分裂症患者认知功能及其与日常生活能力的比较研究

目的 :了解慢性老年精神分裂症患者认知功能和日常生活能力状况 ,探讨此类患者在额叶执行功能和记忆方面的神经心理功能障碍及其特征。方法 :采用简易智力状态检查 (MMSE)、日常生活能力量表 (ADL)、威斯康星卡片分类测验 (WCST)及韦氏记忆量表 (WMS)对 31例慢性老年精神分裂症和 31例正常对照组进行比较研究。结果 :慢性老年精神分裂症组MMSE得分明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;而该组ADL总分明显高于正常对照组(P <0 .0 5 )。除非持续错误外 ,慢性老年精神分裂症患者的威斯康星卡片分类测验和韦氏记忆量表的各项测验成绩均差于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :慢性老年精神分裂症患者认知功能的障碍决定了患者日常生活能力的减退 ;这类患者有明显的额叶执行功能障碍和记忆障碍     

Characteristics of neuronal activity in prefrontal cortex during performance of spatial delayed reactions in monkeys

Several types of neurons were differentiated on the basis of a study of neuronal activity in various parts of the cortex near the sulcus principalis during the execution of spatial delayed reactions by monkeys. It was established that the different types of neurons are represented in different numbers in. different parts of the cortex near the sulcus principalis. The determination of several factors influencing the activity of these neurons and the comparison of data on their quantitative representation in the anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the cortex near the sulcus principalis with the existing behavioral data obtained after local ablations of identical regions of the brain made it possible to postulate that neurons belonging to the different types are involved in the analysis of different processes and represent different functional units.Translated from Fiziologicheskii. Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 71, No. 12, pp. 1488–1494, December, 1985.     

Trends in physical activity behaviours and attitudes among South Australian youth between 1985 and 2004

Rising youth obesity is a serious public health concern. There is a widespread view that declining physical activity is contributing to this trend. A total of 929 young South Australians (age = 9–15 years) were surveyed in 1985 and 2004 on usual physical activity in several contexts, including attitudes to physical activity. Eight of 10 South Australian schools participating in the 1985 Schools Health and Fitness Survey were revisited in 2004. Comparisons were made on: organised sport, active transport, physical education (PE), playground activity, vigorous physical activity (VPA), total leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and attitudes to PE and school sport. The questionnaire and method of administration were identical in both surveys. There were no differences between surveys in club and school sport participation, walking to school, and reported enjoyment of PE and school sport. In 2004 fewer children rode to school, but PE classes were more frequent. The percentage of children who ‘sit and talk’ during school breaks had increased, with a decreased percentage of older girls who ‘run around’ during school breaks. There was a significantly higher LTPA in MET.min in 2004 for boys, which was particularly evident at higher percentiles. There were no changes in mean or distribution of LTPA for the whole sample or girls. The percentage of respondents reporting ≥3 bouts of VPA in the previous week rose from 51% (1985) to 76% (2004). There is no consistent evidence of declining physical activity among South Australian youth. It is apparent that physical activity in some contexts has declined, while in other contexts levels are the same or higher than in 1985. This underscores the complex nature of physical activity and the influences on this behaviour.     

Clinical background of cases showing a positive culture of pleural effusion at Shin-Kokura Hospital over a period of 5 years

We investigated the clinical background of patients at Shin-Kokura Hospital who showed a positive culture of pleural effusion during the period from January 1998 through December 2002. Microorganism cultures of the pleural effusions of 127 patients were performed in this 5-year period. Seventeen patients showed a positive microorganism culture from a pleural effusion, and 12 of these patients (70.6%) were 60 years old or more. Ten patients were diagnosed with thoracic empyema. Thirteen patients had an underlying disease such as malignancy (5 cases), diabetes mellitus (4 cases), etc. A purulent effusion and a high concentration of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the pleural fluid were more frequently recognized in the positive-culture group. A total of 21 strains of microorganism were isolated from the 17 patients, including 10 strains of Gram-positive cocci, 6 strains of Gram-negative bacilli, 3 strains of anaerobes, 1 strain of mycobacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and 1 strain of fungus. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was generally good for most of the microorganisms isolated. Of the 17 patients, chest-tube drainage was performed in 13, and 6 needed a surgical operation. Twelve patients improved, but 5 died. In this study, thoracic empyema accounted for 58.8% of the 17 cases with a positive culture of pleural effusion. Of the 10 thoracic empyema patients, 5 patients needed surgical treatment in spite of adequate antimicrobial treatment and chest-tube drainage. Our data indicate that thoracic empyema is still difficult to treat, and thus adequate and rapid treatment is needed for any pleural infection.     

Psychiatric patients and their response to experimental stress

Serum levels of Epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), heart rate (HR), skin conductance reaction (SCR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were measured in schizophrenic, endogenous depressed and anxiety patients as well as in normal controls. Conditions were rest, noise and a mental arithmetic (MA) task. Schizophrenic and depressed patients had an attenuated HR response to MA. Moreover, Schizophrenic patients also had higher NE base level and the highest NE secretion during noise. Anxiety and depressed patients showed significantly lower phasic electrodermal activity (SCR) throughout the whole trial, exclusively anxiety patients had significantly higher tonic electrodermal activity (SCL). These findings indicate that autonomous reactions discriminate between patient groups and controls as well as between each other.     

Risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children

The aim of this study was to assess risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children. The subjects were 392 young Japanese children who underwent dental health check-up at 18, 30 and 42 months of age. Oral examinations, Cariostat tests and dental health questionnaires were carried out at each time. The caries prevalence of children was 1.5% at 18 months, 9.9% at 30 months and 28.1% at 42 months. Caries activity based on the Cariostat scores of children was correlated with caries status (caries-free/carious) at 42 months. In children with caries during each examination period at 42 months, eating snacks while playing was ranked as the most important behavioral risk (P < 0.001), followed by breast-feeding (P < 0.01), non setting of time for snacks (P < 0.05) and frequency of snacks (P < 0.05) at 18 months old; non brushing by mother (P < 0.05) and eating snacks while playing (P < 0.05) were ranked highest at 30 months old. In addition, eating snacks while playing (P < 0.001) at 42 months old was the only a significant factor for children with caries. Caries activity and risk behaviors were associated with caries experience at different age periods of childhood.     

Synthesis,AM<Subscript>1</Subscript> calculation,and biological studies of thiopyran-4-one and their azine derivatives

Some novel N(1)-arylidene-N(2)-cis-2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-one azine derivatives were synthesised and their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Candida-6, Candida-51, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus were evaluated.     

国产和日本产柱晶白霉素与其它常用抗生素的体外抗菌活性比较

用试管双倍稀释法测定国产与日本产柱晶白霉素对104株革蓝氏阳性球菌的体外抗菌活性并与9种常用抗生素进行比较。结果表明:国产和日本产柱晶白霉素对革蓝氏阳性球菌的抑菌率基本一致。国产柱晶白霉素的抑菌、杀菌作用强于红霉素;略优于氯霉素和四环素;与青霉素G、庆大霉素基本相似,但不及氨苄青霉素、苯唑青霉素、丁胺卡那霉素及强力霉素。     

免疫组化法检测非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中输血传播病毒

目的　检测非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织输血传播病毒(TTV)感染状况,TTV感染与肝组织炎症程度 及与血液学指标的相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学法检测52例非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中TTV,并经原位 杂交证实;对TTV阳性和阴性组的血液学生化指标,诸如血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血 清总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)、γ 球蛋白(γ G)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)及组织学活动指数(HAI)进行了比较。 结果　非甲-非庚型肝炎患者肝组织中TTV抗原(TTVAg)阳性15例,检出率为28.8%;阳性物质主要定位于肝细 胞浆内,呈棕黄色细小颗粒,偶见肝细胞核内有表达;TTV阳性表达细胞呈单个、散在或片簇状分布;TTVAg阳性的 组织切片经苏木素-伊红(HE)染色后,可观察到病毒性肝炎的一些病理变化,如肝细胞胞浆疏松化、气球样变、嗜酸 样变、灶性坏死、凋亡、小叶内及汇管区炎细胞浸润;从15例TTVAg阳性病例中任选10例进行TTV DNA原位杂交 检测,结果8例阳性,二者符合率80.0%;同时对5例免疫组化TTVAg阴性肝组织进行TTV DNA原位杂交检测,结 果5例均为阴性,二者符合率100%;TTVAg阳性组ALT、AST、TBIL、γ G均值均高于TTVAg阴性组,ALB、PTA 均值均低于TTVAg阴性组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.0