Mixed messages: Contributions to adolescent drinking and driving

This qualitative study focused on the discrepancies in messages concerning alcohol use presented by adults to young people. The purpose was to investigate how these discrepancies might impact adolescents’ drinking, and drinking and driving behavior. The data consisted of semi-structured interviews with 44 adolescents who in a previous survey had admitted having been involved in drinking and driving, riding with a drunk driver, or both. The analysis of the interviews focused on the discrepancies between messages presented by adult authorities and the respondents’ experience of actual behavior from these authorities. The findings indicate that there are serious problems in the communication between adult authorities and adolescents. Parents, schools, and police are not consistent and persistent in their communication with adolescents concerning alcohol and drinking and driving. This inconsistency seems to prevent teenagers from understanding the extent of the problem of drinking and driving. Implications for research and prevention are discussed.     

浅议研究机构伦理评审委员会的建设

通过阐述研究机构伦理审查制度建设中各个方面的一般原则及存在的问题,就现有伦理评审委员会进行的伦理审查项目中涉及的两个难点问题进行了初步探讨,对加强研究机构伦理评审委员会的建设提出建议.     

The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on Body Weight

This study is the first to examine the effects of medical marijuana laws (MMLs) on body weight, physical wellness, and exercise. Using data from the 1990 to 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and a difference‐in‐difference approach, we find that the enforcement of MMLs is associated with a 2% to 6% decline in the probability of obesity. We find some evidence of age‐specific heterogeneity in mechanisms. For older individuals, MML‐induced increases in physical mobility may be a relatively important channel, while for younger individuals, a reduction in consumption of alcohol, a substitute for marijuana, appears more important. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that MMLs may be more likely to induce marijuana use for health‐related reasons among older individuals, and cause substitution toward lower‐calorie recreational ‘highs’ among younger individuals. Our estimates suggest that MMLs induce a $58 to $115 per‐person annual reduction in obesity‐related medical costs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

针灸治疗膀胱过度活动症的选穴用经特点与规律分析

目的：提炼并分析针灸治疗膀胱过度活动症的选穴用经特点与规律。方法：电子检索中英文数据库中近十年（2007年01月01日至2018年05月18日）公开发表的针灸治疗膀胱过度活动症的相关临床文献,分析总结针灸治疗膀胱过度活动症的选穴用经特点与规律。结果：按照纳入排除标准共纳入18篇文献,通过统计分析针灸治疗本病：①选用频次居前4位的腧穴依次为：中极（8.3%）、次髎（8.3%）、关元（8.3%）、三阴交（8.3%）;②选用经脉频次较高的依次为足太阳膀胱经（37次）、任脉（34次）、足太阴脾经（14次）及足阳明胃经（8次）;③选穴部位多集中在腹部（34.9%）及腰骶部（32.1%）;④特定穴中以交会穴（30.0%）、募穴（22.2%）、背俞穴（12.2%）为主;⑤处方多由8-10个腧穴组成（55.6%）。结论：针灸治疗膀胱过度活动症常以中极、次髎、关元、三阴交为主,以经络结合脏腑病位辨证为主,选取处方时既考虑调整脏腑功能,又针对关键病理环节,以辨病取穴、循经取穴为主,采用局部取穴、远端取穴相结合的方法。     

完善我国医药知识产权法律制度的思考

完善的医药知识产权法律,能够确保医学工作者享有其科研成果的权利,并激发他们从事医学科学研究的热情,进而推动整个医学领域的快速发展。因此,通过不断的研究和探讨医学知识产权维权等问题,这对加强医药领域的知识产权保护,具有极其重要地作用。本文从医药知识产权保护的重要性入手,分析了目前医学领域知识产权保护现状及存在的问题,为完善医药知识产权法律提出参考建议。     

基于聚类分析的中药复方专利年度发展状况研究

检索中药复方专利文献,采用聚类分析方法,以“专利申请量”、“专利授权量”、“专利成长率”、“科研成果专利转化率”作为衡量尺度对1991年至2010年中药复方专利年度发展状况进行聚类研究,研究中药复方专利20年的发展状况及其影响因素。中药复方专利年度发展状况归为3类,聚类结果差异具有显著性。中药复方专利的发展与专利法规健全、中医药科研水平提高、中医药国际认可度提升等诸多因素息息相关。     

我国体外诊断试剂标准现状分析及思考

目的：为我国体外诊断试剂标准化建设提出相关建议。方法：总结分析我国体外诊断试剂标准化建设及标准体系结构,重点挖掘目前标准化工作与行业发展不适宜的内容,并提出针对性建议。结果与结论：近年来,我国体外诊断试剂行业发展迅猛,国家出台了一系列法规政策,以推动体外诊断试剂行业有序发展。体外诊断试剂在我国分属药品和医疗器械两类,标准体系也分为两部分,相应的标准法规已基本建立健全。但是,目前我国体外诊断试剂标准体系存在标准相对滞后、缺乏强制性标准、一些新兴技术产品尚无标准等问题。需进一步优化体外诊断试剂标准体系,完善标准组织管理并加强标准执行能力,以便更有力地推动我国体外诊断试剂整体质量水平的提升。     

Public health problems in the medieval statutes of Vinodol, Vrbnik and Senj (West Croatia)

BACKGROUND: The ancient Croatian statutes were written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The aim of this study was to seek out regulations concerning public health in the oldest medieval statutes of the towns on the northern Adriatic coast (W Croatia). METHODS: All translated text editions of the statutes of the three towns were examined. The statutes were written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. RESULTS: The research of the materials revealed the examples of direct and indirect ways of protecting public health. Regulations on keeping towns clean and the rules for dealing with animal products were found. Additionally, witches and fortunetellers were found to be treated as a negative force and defined as the embodiment of evil: they were thus considered to be heavily connected to illness and misfortune. CONCLUSION: The aforementioned rules are not only important from the historical point of view, but also as a reflection of people's awareness of public health as a condition of survival and the progress of the community as a whole. Furthermore, since those statutes were created from people's customs that were to eventually become a law, they show substantial progress in medical history for that particular part of Croatia.     

论我国药品零售业连锁经营管理的法规建设

对药品零售业连锁经营现行的法律法规进行汇总和分析。提出完善我国药品零售业连锁经营管理法律法规的建议。我们应完善现行的法规 ,增加有关跨地域连锁经营、药品电子商务等方面的法规 ,形成药品零售业连锁经营管理的法规体系。