PBL融合CTM教学法在《护理伦理与法规》课程中的应用与分析

PBL与CTM相融合的教学法,是一种以学生为中心的启发式教学模式。为了探索这种教学方法在《护理与伦理法规》课中的应用效果,我们以护理专业的学生为对象,进行了实践尝试,并采用问卷调查和理论考试两种考核形式对教学效果进行了统计学意义上的分析和评估,肯定了PBL与CTM相融合的教学法是提升护生《护理与伦理法规》课教学质量的一个行之有效的方法。     

Systems approaches to the networks of aging

The aging of an organism is the result of complex changes in structure and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole body systems. To increase our understanding of how aging works, we have to analyze and integrate quantitative evidence from multiple levels of biological organization. Here, we define a broader conceptual framework for a quantitative, computational systems biology approach to aging. Initially, we consider fractal supply networks that give rise to scaling laws relating body mass, metabolism and lifespan. This approach provides a top-down view of constrained cellular processes. Concomitantly, multi-omics data generation build such a framework from the bottom-up, using modeling strategies to identify key pathways and their physiological capacity. Multiscale spatio-temporal representations finally connect molecular processes with structural organization. As aging manifests on a systems level, it emerges as a highly networked process regulated through feedback loops between levels of biological organization.     

由一起行政诉讼案引发的对我国药品立法的再思考

目的:为修订《药品管理法》中与药品定义以及非药品冒充药品有关的规定提供参考。方法:通过笔者亲自参与的一起行政诉讼案件的法律适用中遭遇的尴尬入手,分析存在的相关法律瑕疵。结果与结论:我国《药品管理法》中有关药品定义的规定不够精确、规范,且不利于将非药品冒充药品的情形界定为假药,应借鉴其他国家立法经验,在新一轮修订中予以完善。     

我国医事法律本科人才培养目标研究

医事法律人才培养从个别医学院校起初尝试本科教育,到目前全国二十多所院校举办医事法学专业,并发展起医事法学硕士生和博士生教育,可以说取得了可喜的成绩,但在医事法律人才培养中也暴露出了一些问题。本文选择大学本科这一医事法律人才培养较为成熟的阶段作为研究对象,根据社会需要、大学教育的特点、专业特点和大学生自我发展的需要出发,从人才培养目标的角度,提出充分利用社会教育资源,深化理论教学,强化实践环节,医学与法学有机结合,培养规则意识,提高创新能力,引导大学生的自我完善等观点,以期完善我国医事法律本科人才培养目标。     

清末民初的新闻出版法

清末民初的新闻出版法中有国家立法机关制定的法律,也有国家最高行政机关制定的行政法规.<报章应守规则>属于越权所立之法,法律规则也不完备.<报馆暂行条规>没有规定法律适用条件,行为模式和法律后果之间缺少一一对应关系,不符合法应明确、肯定的要求,不是真正意义上的新闻法律规范.<大清报律><钦定报律>是符合立法主体和立法程序的法律,<民国暂行报律>属于南京临时政府内务部越权所立之法,<报纸条例><修正报纸条例><出版法>是不符合行政立法程序的行政法规.     

Mixed messages: Contributions to adolescent drinking and driving

This qualitative study focused on the discrepancies in messages concerning alcohol use presented by adults to young people. The purpose was to investigate how these discrepancies might impact adolescents’ drinking, and drinking and driving behavior. The data consisted of semi-structured interviews with 44 adolescents who in a previous survey had admitted having been involved in drinking and driving, riding with a drunk driver, or both. The analysis of the interviews focused on the discrepancies between messages presented by adult authorities and the respondents’ experience of actual behavior from these authorities. The findings indicate that there are serious problems in the communication between adult authorities and adolescents. Parents, schools, and police are not consistent and persistent in their communication with adolescents concerning alcohol and drinking and driving. This inconsistency seems to prevent teenagers from understanding the extent of the problem of drinking and driving. Implications for research and prevention are discussed.     

Fractal Michaelis-Menten Kinetics Under Steady State Conditions: Application to Mibefradil

Purpose To provide the first application of fractal kinetics under steady state conditions to pharmacokinetics as a model for the enzymatic elimination of a drug from the body. Materials and Methods A one-compartment model following fractal Michaelis-Menten kinetics under a steady state is developed and applied to concentration-time data for the cardiac drug mibefradil in dogs. The model predicts a fractal reaction order and a power law asymptotic time-dependence of the drug concentration, therefore a mathematical relationship between the fractal reaction order and the power law exponent is derived. The goodness-of-fit of the model is assessed and compared to that of four other models suggested in the literature. Results The proposed model provided the best fit to the data. In addition, it correctly predicted the power law shape of the tail of the concentration-time curve. Conclusion A simple one-compartment model with steady state fractal Michaelis–Menten kinetics describing drug elimination from the body most accurately describes the pharmacokinetics of mibefradil in dogs. The new fractal reaction order can be explained in terms of the complex geometry of the liver, the organ responsible for eliminating the drug.     

Public health problems in the medieval statutes of Vinodol, Vrbnik and Senj (West Croatia)

BACKGROUND: The ancient Croatian statutes were written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The aim of this study was to seek out regulations concerning public health in the oldest medieval statutes of the towns on the northern Adriatic coast (W Croatia). METHODS: All translated text editions of the statutes of the three towns were examined. The statutes were written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. RESULTS: The research of the materials revealed the examples of direct and indirect ways of protecting public health. Regulations on keeping towns clean and the rules for dealing with animal products were found. Additionally, witches and fortunetellers were found to be treated as a negative force and defined as the embodiment of evil: they were thus considered to be heavily connected to illness and misfortune. CONCLUSION: The aforementioned rules are not only important from the historical point of view, but also as a reflection of people's awareness of public health as a condition of survival and the progress of the community as a whole. Furthermore, since those statutes were created from people's customs that were to eventually become a law, they show substantial progress in medical history for that particular part of Croatia.     

海南地区6160例小儿烧伤发病规律的分析

目的 分析海南地区12岁以下小儿烧伤的发病规律。方法 对6160例小儿烧伤的年龄分布、烧伤原因、烧伤程度及季节分布进行统计分析。结果 年龄以1～3岁居多，占39．31％；烧伤原因以热液烫伤为主，占68．76％；烧伤程度以中度烧伤为主，占41．56％；季节分布，从高到低依次为第二、四、三、一季度。结论 要高度重视幼儿烧伤的防治，特别要预防热液烫伤。     

Realistic animation of human figures using artificial neural networks

We describe a new approach to the animation of human figures which can produce realistic animation and based on artificial neural networks (ANN). A fully connected ANN is trained with inputs and outputs of key frames obtained from image analysis and key postures and parameters of standing, walking and running. A behaviour index is introduced as an input to the ANN. Each index is unique to each behaviour. Other inputs include speed, cycle history and subsytem index. The subsystem index refers to the different subsytem of the human figure e.g. the right leg is a subsystem referred to by an index. The outputs are the joints displacements. The ANN is trained using the back propagation method. The ANN was able to generate realistic animations of walking and running and could merge three different behaviours; standing, walking and running. The proposed method should enable design evaluations, human factors analysis, task simulation and motion understanding easier for non-animation experts.