中药抗炎临床研究的可视化分析

目的：利用可视化的方法评价我国学者发表的中文中药抗炎临床研究的现状、热点和前沿。方法：检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库及万方数据库,收集中药抗炎的临床研究。由2位研究者独自进行文献筛选工作,并借助BICOMS-2分析软件对关键词等相关信息进行提取和整理并生成关键词等共现矩阵。同时,运用NetDraw绘制网络关系图并运用gCLUTO软件进行聚类分析。结果：初检获得相关文献8153篇,经筛选后最终纳入3922篇。各研究在作者、单位、省份、年份、基金来源方面均有较大差异;研究数目在2014年最多,近两年有所减少;作者主要分为6个研究团队,作者之间也存在一定的联系;同时,基金来源以市厅级最多（420个）;研究主题主要涉及4个方面。结论：我国中药抗炎临床研究的数量在2014年达到高峰,近两年呈现逐渐递减趋势,中药抗炎临床研究的参与作者众多,但核心作者数量少,且作者的合作仍需进一步增强。同时,中药抗炎临床研究的主题较少,应该增加中药抗炎临床研究的深度和广度。     

糖皮质激素诱导的亮氨酸拉链蛋白在糖皮质激素作用中的角色及分子机制

糖皮质激素（glucocorticoids,GCs）因具有强大的抗炎和免疫抑制作用,在临床上广泛用于自身免疫性疾病和炎症相关性疾病的治疗。然而,长期使用或者大剂量使用会导致较多的不良反应,降低其应用价值。因此,为了既保留GCs的抗炎作用、又减轻GCs的免疫抑制作用,深入研究GCs的分子作用机制对寻找新的药物靶点或者具有GCs作用的小分子化合物具有重要意义。糖皮质激素诱导的亮氨酸拉链蛋白（glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein,GILZ）是GCs调控的靶分子,是GCs的重要下游执行分子,但GILZ效应又不完全等同于GCs通过糖皮质受体（glucocorticoids receptor,GR）发挥的生理和药理效应,具有替代GCs用于临床的可能性。因此,本文就GILZ在GCs的抗炎、免疫抑制中的作用、分子机制以及在自身免疫系统疾病模型中的应用进行综述。     

玻璃酸钠与抗炎药联用治疗沙眼性干眼症的疗效

目的 观察沙眼性干眼症应用玻璃酸钠+抗炎药物联合治疗的临床效果。方法 抽取延长县中医 医院2020年1月-2021年7月收治的76例沙眼性干眼症患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组与 研究组,各38例。对照组接受玻璃酸钠治疗,研究组接受玻璃酸钠+抗炎药物治疗,比较两组患者治疗效 果、泪液分泌状况、泪膜破裂时间、角膜地形图参数。结果 研究组治疗总有效率为92.11%,高于对照组 的76.32%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组治疗后SchirmerⅠ试验结果、BUT均高于对照组,差异 有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组SRI、SAI均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 玻璃酸 钠+抗炎药物联合治疗沙眼性干眼症患者具有积极意义,能有效改善眼部干涩症状,延缓泪腺分泌状况, 临床效果确切,具有推广价值。     

Neuroprotective effect of guggulipid alone and in combination with aspirin on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats

This study was designed to test the pre-treatment doses of guggulipid (50?mg/kg), aspirin (100?mg/kg) per orally and co-administration of both drugs for 28 days followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion – a model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Middle cerebral artery was occluded for two hours, followed by reperfusion for 22 hours for the induction of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurobehavioral tests like locomotor activity and grip strength tests were performed before sacrificing the animal. After neurobehavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed for the measurement of infarction areas and biochemical estimations in brain. Locomotor activity and grip strength were significantly improved in guggulipid and aspirin pre-treated rats. Guggulipid and aspirin pre-treatment reduced the infarction areas as compared with middle cerebral occluded (MCAO) rats. An elevation of nitrite, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), acetylcholine esterase activity (AchE) and reduction in antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase were observed following MCAO. Pre-treatment with guggulipid and aspirin caused a reduction in TBARS and nitrite levels, AchE, but elevated GSH level, SOD and catalase activities as compared with MCAO rats. The protective effects observed in this study were due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of guggulipid. The protective effect of guggulipid in cerebral ischemia, that it may have a role in reversing the symptoms and may offer significant neuroprotection in stroke.     

金桔胶囊抗炎镇痛、镇咳祛痰和免疫增强的药理学作用

目的:研究金桔胶囊抗炎镇痛、镇咳祛痰和免疫增强的药理学作用。方法:采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法和腹腔致炎法,观察金桔胶囊的抗炎作用;采用醋酸刺激扭体法复制小鼠疼痛模型,观察金桔胶囊的镇痛作用;采用氨水引咳法和酚红祛痰法观察金桔胶囊镇咳和祛痰作用;采用碳廓清法观察金桔胶囊对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果:8.0、4.0 g/kg金桔胶囊能明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓炎性肿胀,延长小鼠扭体反应潜伏期、减少扭体次数,延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期、减少咳嗽次数,增加小鼠气管的酚红排泌量(P<0.05),升高碳廓清指数及吞噬指数(P<0.05);8.0、4.0、2.0 g/kg金桔胶囊能降低醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:金桔胶囊具有明显的抗炎镇痛、镇咳祛痰和免疫增强作用。     

栽培与野生羌活中4种化合物含量及抗炎作用比较

目的:比较栽培与野生羌活中4种化合物含量以及抗炎作用。方法:应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定栽培与野生羌活中羌活醇、异欧前胡素、阿魏酸、佛手柑内酯的含量。复制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀模型,观察栽培与野生羌活水提液与醇提液对炎症模型动物肿胀度的影响。结果:栽培羌活所含4种成分含量大多高于野生羌活。野生羌活(班玛、壤塘、康定、西宁)、栽培羌活(岷县、渭源)水提液可显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀,其中栽培羌活(渭源)水提液效果最好;野生羌活(班玛、阿坝、壤塘、康定、西宁)醇提液、栽培羌活(岷县、渭源)醇提液可显著抑制角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀,其中栽培羌活(岷县)醇提液效果最好。结论:栽培羌活在化学成分含量及抗炎效果方面均等同于或强于野生品。     

Peritoneal exudate cells from long-lived rats exhibit increased IL-10/IL-1β expression ratio and preserved NO/urea ratio following LPS-stimulation in vitro

In humans, usual aging, differently from successful aging, is associated with deregulation of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. The corresponding data from rat studies are limited. Therefore, we examined (i) cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of fresh peritoneal cells from 6- (adult), 24- (old), and 31-month-old (long-lived) AO rats and (ii) proinflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine, NO, and urea production in their LPS-stimulated cultures. Comparing with adult rats, cells from old ones expressed lower amount of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs, but greater amount of IL-1β mRNA. On the other hand, cells from long-lived rats exhibited a dramatic increase in IL-10 mRNA expression followed by diminished TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, and comparable expression of IL-1β mRNA relative to adult rats. Consequently, IL-10/IL-1β mRNA ratio was greater in cells from long-lived rats than in adult and old rats. In LPS-stimulated peritoneal cell cultures (contained ≥95 % macrophages) from old rats, concentration of common proinflammatory cytokines was higher than in those from adult rats. Comparing with adult and old rats, in LPS-stimulated macrophage cultures from long-lived rats, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were lower; IL-1β concentration was comparable or greater (in respect to adult rats), whereas that of IL-10 was strikingly higher. Consistently, in macrophage cultures from long-lived rats, NO (iNOS activity marker)/urea (arginase activity marker) ratio was less and not different from that in old and adult rats, respectively. The study suggests that macrophages from long-lived rats, differently from those of old ones, have substantial ability to limit proinflammatory mediator production, which may contribute to their longevity.     

Relevancia clínica de las interacciones medicamentosas entre antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y antihipertensivos

ObjectiveTo establish the clinical relevance of drug interactions between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihypertensives, based on the interaction severity and probability of occurrence.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesA PubMed/Medline search was made using the MeSH terms: NSAIDs, Antihypertensive drugs, and Drug interactions.Data extractionArticles between 2002 and 2012, human studies, in Spanish and English and full text access were included. Found articles were included and some of the references used in this works. Studies with in vitro methods, effects on ocular hypertension and those who do not consider the interaction NSAIDs, antihypertensives were excluded. For the selection of the papers included three independent reviewers were involved. We used a tool for data extraction and for assess of the interaction clinical relevance.ResultsNineteen of 50 papers found were included. There were identified 21 interactions with pharmacodynamic mechanism, classified by their clinical relevance in level-2 high risk (76.2%) and level-3 medium risk (23.8%). In addition, evidence of 16 combinations of no interaction were found.ConclusionsSome NSAIDs may attenuate the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs when used concurrently, especially with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, beta blockers and angiotensin receptors ii blockers. There was no evidence of effect modification of calcium channel antagonists, especially dihydropyridine, by concurrent use of NSAIDs.     

选择性COX-2抑制剂和非选择性COX-1和COX-2抑制剂在预防全髋关节置换术后异位骨化的Meta分析

目的：比较选择性环加氧酶一2（COX一2）抑制剂和传统的非选择性NSAIDs药用于预防全髋关节置换（THA）术后异位骨化（H0）临床疗效。方法：通过计算机检索MEDuNE、EMBASE、CENTRAL、科学引文索引等数据库,收集选择性COX一2抑制剂和非选择性COX-1和COX-2抑制剂用于预防全髋关节置换术后异位骨化的随机临床试验。按照Cochrane协作网的标准对纳入的文献进行质量评估并提取有效数据,应用统计软件Statal0．0版本进行数据分析。比较两组在不同Brooker分期的异位骨化发生率。结果：共纳入4个符合条件的随机对照试验,808例患者。Meta分析结果表明,两组间异位骨化总发病率比较差异无统计学意义（RR=1．08,95％CI：0．71～1．64,=O．73）,重度异位骨化发病率（BrookerU,Ⅲ）（RR=0．83,95％CI：0．48～1．42,P=0．49）和任意Brooker分型的HO,两组之间比较差异无统计学意义。在整个研究中,16例接受非选择性COX抑制剂的患者（4．4％）因胃肠道反应终止治疗;而选择性COX-2抑制剂组中10例患者（2．7％）因胃肠道反应终止治疗。结论：选择性COX-2抑制剂与非选择性NSAIDs药用于预防全髋关节置换术后异位骨化同样有效。考虑到非选择性NSAIDs药的胃肠道不良反应,建议选择性COX-2抑制剂的预防全髋关节置换术后异位骨化。     

Folate receptor-targeted aminopterin therapy is highly effective and specific in experimental models of autoimmune uveitis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis

EC0746 is a rationally designed anti-inflammatory drug conjugate consisting of a modified folic acid-based ligand linked to a γ-hydrazide analog of aminopterin. In this report, EC0746's effectiveness was evaluated against experimental retinal S-antigen (PDSAg) induced autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and myelin-basic-protein induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In both models, functional FR-β was detected on activated macrophages in local (retinal or central-nervous-system, respectively) and systemic (peritoneal cavity) sites of inflammation. In myelin-rich regions of EAE rats, an increased uptake of ^99mTc-EC20 (etarfolatide; a FR-specific radioimaging agent) was also observed. EC0746 treatment at disease onset suppressed the clinical severity of both EAU and EAE, and it strongly attenuated progressive histopathological changes in the affected organs. In all parameters assessed, EC0746 activity was completely blocked by a benign folate competitor, suggesting that these therapeutic outcomes were specifically FR-β mediated. EC0746 may emerge as a useful macrophage-modulating agent for treating inflammatory episodes of organ-specific autoimmunity.