消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗HCV）的感染情况

作者等应用抗HCV酶联免疫分析(EIA)试验药盒对93例消化系统恶性肿瘤疾病患者作血清抗HCV测定.血清抗HCV流行率在41例健康献血员为4.87％;在6例食管癌、15例进展期胃癌、13例结直肠癌、54例原发性肝癌及其它恶性肿瘤5例的检出率分别为0％、13.3％7.69％、9.25％和0％.除HCC组外,各组患者的抗HCV流行率和HB_sAg阳性与否无关.因此,对健康献血员及各种疾病患者在作肝功能及HBV系列测定同时应作抗HCV测定,对血清抗HCV阳性者应进行积极的治疗.     

四种抗-HCV试剂盒的比较

通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测抗-HCV抗体是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染诊断的主要方法[1]。目前的抗-HCV酶联免疫诊断试剂均采用二抗做酶结合物,由于血清中IgG含量高,故少量和非特异性吸附即可造成假阳性结果,血清中的类风湿因子也可能干扰检测结果[2,3],目前,国内不少厂家推出了抗-HCV-IgG酶免疫检测试剂盒,并且均经卫生部质检后广泛投入了市场,本文应用2003年下半年购置的四个厂家试剂盒,同时检测了128例血清标本、各种试剂盒提供的阴、阳性对照血清及2003年全国第三季度丙肝质控。     

A comparison between one first generation and three second generation anti-HCV ELISAs: an investigation in high- and low-risk subjects in correlation with recombinant immunoblot assay and polymerase chain reaction

One first generation assay (manufactured by Ortho, test I) and 3 second generation anti-HCV ELISAs (manufactured by Ortho, Abbott, and UBI, tests II-IV) were compared. Sera from 4 different sources were used: (1) intravenous drug-users (IVDUs, n = 50), (2) blood donors (n = 1055), (3) all clinical samples from one day of routine anti-HCV testing (n = 89), (4) hemodialysis patients previously found negative by test I but clinically suspected to have a HCV infection (n = 11). Confirmatory anti-HCV tests were carried out with a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II). In sera positive exclusively by test IV, one antibody consumption test (UBI HCV Neutralization EIA) and one further immunoblot assay (INNO-LIA HCV Ab) were used. PCR for HCV RNA was carried out on all hemodialysis patient sera and in the RIBA II positive blood donor sera. The second generation ELISAs discriminated 11 more positive samples than the first generation test (2 IVDUs, 5 blood donors, 4 clinical samples). The 9 sera from blood donors and clinical samples were all RIBA II positive or indeterminate. The second generation tests thus showed increased sensitivity. The second generation tests also showed increased specificity in that 4 samples that were positive by test I but negative by the second generation tests, were also negative by RIBA II. With few exceptions, all RIBA II-positive and most of the indeterminate samples were positive by the second generation ELISAs. With few exceptions, all the RIBA II-negative samples were negative by the second generation ELISAs. Eleven blood donor sera were positive by test IV exclusively where RIBA II and other supplementary assays were negative. The recently introduced second generation anti-HCV ELISAs were found to have a higher sensitivity than the first generation test. The tests also showed a good concordance with the exception of test IV in the group of blood donor sera.     

血液复检的意义

目的：规范临床用血的检测方法,保证用血者安全;方法：对深圳市血液中心1995年1－8月1939人次个体献血者HBsAg及抗－HCV的初、复 检结果进行回顾性分析;结果：献血后复检的1181份初检合格的献血者的血液,有34份为HBsAg阳性,占复检总份数的2.88％、有3份为抗－HCV阳性,占复检总份额的0.25％;结论：初检合格的血液,须经复检确定后才可发给病人使用。     

乙型和丙型肝炎病毒重叠感染的研究

目的　为了解乙型肝炎患者重叠感染丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） 的状况,并探讨乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ） 、ＨＣＶ 重叠感染时ＨＣＶ 对ＨＢＶ 复制的影响。方法　应用ＥＬＩＳＡ 法对７１２ 例乙型肝炎患者进行了血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 检测和乙型肝炎病毒标志检测。结果　７１２ 例乙型肝炎患者血清抗－ ＨＣＶ阳性率为１４ ．４７ ％ ,其中重型肝炎患者血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 阳性率最高（４８ ．９８ ％ ） ,急性肝炎患者最低（３．２５ ％ ） 。在不同临床类型的乙型肝炎患者之间,血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 阳性率存在显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１）,显示病情越重,病程越长,血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 阳性率越高;在ＨＢＶ 和ＨＣＶ 重叠感染的患者中,血清ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ 和抗－ ＨＢｃＩｇＭ 阳性率低于乙型肝炎患者（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１ 和Ｐ＜０ ．０５） ,而血清抗－ ＨＢｅ 阳性率高于乙型肝炎患者（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１）,均有显著的统计学意义。结论　乙型肝炎患者重叠感染ＨＣＶ 与病情加重和慢性化的形成有关,并使ＨＢＶ 的复制受到抑制。     

应用ROC曲线评价化学发光法及酶联免疫法对HCV感染的诊断价值

目的 探讨国内五种主流丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)酶联免疫法(ELISA)试剂与进口化学发光法(CLIA)检测性能的可比性及其对HCV感染的诊断价值.方法 应用CLIA及五种ELISA(编号为A、B、C、D、E),同时检测免疫印迹法(RIBA)确认的抗-HCV阳性、阴性血清样本各68例,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价其性能指标.结果 CLIA及A、B、C、D、E五种ELISA试剂ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为:0.989、0.784、0.945、0.841、0.890、0.883(P ＜0.05),差异有统计学意义;CLIA的敏感性大于五种ELISA试剂(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义,差异主要在于CLIA 8＞S/CO值≥1标本的符合率较低;几种试剂间特异性无显著性差异(P=0.75).结论 国内五种主流HCV抗体ELISA试剂与进口CLIA对HCV感染均具有较高的诊断价值,利用CHA高敏感性及ELISA的高特异性联合检测抗-HCV,可提高HCV感染的诊断效率.     

4种试剂检测混合血清中抗—HCV的比较

目的研究不同试剂对混合血清法检测抗－ＨＣＶ的影响。方法 每５个血清标本构成一个混合标本并保护混合血清中每个标本的稀释度与单个血清检验法相同，采用酶标免疫法检测抗－ＨＣＶ。结果 以末混合血清为对照，加拿磊试剂检测的阳性，阴性标本均与对照无差别（Ｐ〈０．０１）；亚利、科华试剂检测阳性混合血清与对照组无差别（Ｐ〉０．１０），检测阴性混合血清Ａ（ＯＤ）值虽有增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），但距ｃｕｔ ｏｆｆ值较远     

HBV与HCV重叠感染的研究

应用ＰＣＲ法和套式ＰＣＲ法对深圳地区４４例ＨＢＶ血清学标志物阳性者进行ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ检测，并同时作ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测，以了解ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ重叠的感染情况，同时观察其血清ＡＬＴ的情况。结果发现，４４例患者中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性１２例（２７．２７％）；ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性２２例（５０．００％），抗ＨＣＶ阳性２１例（４７．７３％）．表明ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ的重叠感染率较高，应引起人们的重视。     

荧光定量巢式逆转录PCR(FQ-nRT-PCR)在检测HCV-RNA中的意义

目的:采用荧光定量巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应(FQ-nRT-PCR)检测丙型肝炎患者外周血清HCV-RNA,探讨HCV-RNA的临床应用价值。方法:用FQ-nRT-PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别检测192例HCV感染患者血清,比较HCV-RNA和抗-HCV的临床意义。结果:192例丙型肝炎患者血清标本中,HCV-RNA检出率为75.53%(145/192),抗-HCV检出率为91.66%(176/192)。急性丙型肝炎患者HCV-RNA定量均值达5.21×106拷贝/ml,慢性肝炎次之,肝硬化相对偏低,为5.14×103拷贝/ml。结论:192例丙型肝炎患者抗-HCV检出率高于HCV-RNA检出率,但HCV-RNA对丙型肝炎的早期诊断具有灵敏度高、定量准、假阳性率低等优点,此外在病毒复制水平及抗病毒治疗的疗效评估方面具有重要的临床价值。     

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among the voluntary blood donors of New Delhi,India

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of transfusion-associated hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in New Delhi, India using a large number of healthy voluntary blood donors. A total of 15,898 healthy voluntary blood donors were subjected to anti-HCV testing (using a commercially available third generation anti-HCV ELISA kit) and 249 were found to be reactive for anti-HCV antibody, yielding an overall prevalence of 1.57%. No significant difference was found between the HCV positivity rate of male (1.57%; 238/15,152) vs. female (1.47%; 11/746) donors, family (1.58%; 213/13,521) vs. altruistic (1.51%; 36/2377) donors and first-time (1.55%; 180/11,605) vs. repeat (1.61%; 69/4293) donors. The age distribution of anti-HCV reactivity showed a maximum prevalence rate of 1.8% in the age group of 20–29 years. In addition, there was a clear trend of decreasing positivity for anti-HCV with increasing age and this trend was statistically significant. The results of the present study show that the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the healthy voluntary blood donors of New Delhi, India is considerably higher than the reported seroprevalence of HCV in majority of the industrialized nations and this represents a large reservoir of infection capable of inflicting significant disease burden on the society. In addition, donors of New Delhi, India showed a trend of decreasing seroprevalence with increasing age, possibly implying a higher exposure rate to HCV in younger subjects.