Surgical Repair of Residual Shunt after Transcatheter Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defect with an Amplatzer Septal Occluder: a Case Report

Secundum atrial septal defect is the most common congenital heart defect in adulthood. As an alternative to surgery, the transcatheter occlusion appears to be safe. We herein report a case of a residual shunt after transcatheter closure of ASD of a 66 year old man. Surgical repair was indicated. Real and potential problem with device closure of ASD are discussed.     

3D打印技术在特殊类型房间隔缺损诊疗中的应用

目的应用3D打印技术制作房间隔缺损(ASD)解剖模型,探讨3D打印模型在特殊类型ASD诊疗中的临床应用价值。方法收集25例继发孔型ASD患者,均行CTA检查,将扫描数据输入FitMe影像处理软件进行三维重建,将重建数据输入3D打印机进行打印。根据3D打印模型进行模拟介入治疗并制定介入手术方案。结果 25例ASD模型均制作成功。对7例多孔型ASD采用ASD封堵器介入治疗成功,4例下腔型ASD采用PDA封堵器封堵成功,其余病例由于缺损直径过大或结构特殊未行介入治疗。结论 3D打印ASD模型技术具有可行性,对于较为复杂的ASD可通过术前模拟介入治疗以提高手术成功率。     

经导管应用新型无膜双腰封堵器封堵犬单侧肾动脉

目的 在大动物中观察新型无膜双腰封堵器应用的安全性及有效性.方法 选取健康实验犬12只,应用新型无膜双腰封堵器进行单侧肾动脉封堵,封堵后即刻行肾动脉造影评估封堵效果,并于术后1、3及6个月复查肾动脉造影.复查造影结束后处死实验犬,观察肾脏大体标本并行肾脏病理检查,并观察封堵器表面内皮化情况.结果 12只实验犬均成功实施单侧肾动脉封堵,其中1只因麻醉药物过量死亡,其余11只存活良好.6只实验犬在植入封堵器后即刻完全封堵,全部实验犬均在植入封堵器后12 min内完全封堵肾动脉血流.封堵器释放后,封堵器位置均固定良好,未见明显封堵器移位.所有实验犬复查肾动脉造影均显示封堵器位置固定良好,无残余分流.大体观察发现封堵侧肾脏较对侧肾脏明显缩小,肾脏表面凹凸不平,质略硬.内皮细胞在术后1个月即开始覆盖封堵器表面,3个月时内皮细胞完全覆盖.结论 新型无膜双腰封堵器具有良好的安全性、组织相容性及有效性,由于其优异的通过性,在小外径鞘管内即可完成封堵器输送.     

应用房间隔缺损封堵器封堵结核性支气管胸膜瘘的疗效分析

目的 总结分析应用房间隔缺损封堵器封堵结核性支气管胸膜瘘的治疗经验。方法 对我科在2018年至2019年20例结核性脓胸伴支气管胸膜瘘病例采用应用房间隔缺损封堵器封堵结核性支气管胸膜瘘的治疗进行回顾性分析。本组病例先行胸廓造口开窗引流术（OWT）换药引流2~4周后,残腔感染有效控制的病人选择行光导纤维气管镜下房间隔封堵器封堵支气管胸膜瘘口。结果 全组患者有效地控制胸腔感染后,封堵瘘口治疗后疗效根据临床症状、胸腔及肺部感染控制情况和瘘口闭合情况进行评价,全组20例病例封堵术后达到治愈（CR）标准：瘘口愈合,临床症状完全缓解持续1个月,被封堵器封堵瘘口,临床症状完全缓解持续;随诊6~12个月,其中8例患者封堵术后3~6个月行简单的胸廓关窗术,避免行形体改变大的胸廓改形术,7例患者全身症状改善可耐受择期手术,行余肺切除术+支气管瘘修补术,3例患者部分缓解（partial, PR）,瘘口未闭合,部分被支架封堵,临床症状部分缓解,2例患者出现移位分别在术后8月和术后12月气管镜下取出封堵器。本组患者无死亡病例,围手术期均无不良事件包括封堵器脱落,气道狭窄等并发症发生。结论 该治疗方法具有微创及性价比高的特色,因支气管胸膜瘘的瘘管解剖特殊,与房间隔缺损瘘口结构类似,使用房间隔封堵器治疗结核性脓胸伴支气管胸膜瘘在常规治疗无效的情况下,可作为一种在气管镜下特殊治疗技术应用,能快速、有效地封堵瘘口,降低再次感染风险及呼吸衰竭的发生,为结核性脓胸伴支气管胸膜瘘病人提供一个有效治疗方法选择。     

Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Amplatzer duct occluder II (ADO II) in the treatment of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) in children. Methods: Between June 2017 and June 2020, 13 patients with pmVSD had attempted transcatheter closure using ADO II, seven of patients were used antegrade approach and six of them were used retrograde approach. Results: There were 8 males and 5 females, age from 1 to 7 years, weight from 10.5 to 31.0 kg, and VSD size from 2.0 to 4.0 mm. Procedure was successful in all cases with the outer diameter of the occluders ranging from 4 to 6 mm. No aortic, tricuspid regurgitation or residual shunt was found in the immediate ultrasound assessment. No arrhythmia was observed in the Holter monitoring 3 days after the intervention. Discharge echocardiography indicated complete shunt closure. No evidence of occluder prolapse, malignant arrhythmia, or intensed valve regurgitation was seen on a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 6 to 36 months). Conclusions: Based on our experience, ADO II showed good efficacy in the early and middle stages of pediatric pmVSD closures.     

Percutaneous Closure versus Medical Therapy Alone for Cryptogenic Stroke Patients with a Patent Foramen Ovale: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Of cryptogenic stroke patients younger than 55 years of age, up to 61% have had a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Observational studies have revealed reductions in recurrent neurologic events through PFO closure versus medical therapy, and randomized controlled trials have shown nonsignificant trends toward benefit. We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials of percutaneous PFO closure with medical therapy versus medical therapy alone in patients with cryptogenic stroke and performed a meta-analysis of treatment outcomes. The primary endpoint was combined death, stroke, and transient ischemic attack.We included 3 trials. Of 2,303 total patients, 1,150 underwent PFO closure and 1,153 received medical therapy (median follow-up period, 2.6 yr). The pooled incidence of the primary endpoint was 1.2 events per 100 patient-years in the closure group (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–2.3) and 1.8 in the therapy group (95% CI, 0.7–2.9) (P=0.32); the number needed to treat was 167 (range, 100–500). The corresponding pooled hazard ratio was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.44–1.01; P=0.054) in favor of closure. Closure was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation: relative risk=3.51 (95% CI, 1.44–8.55; P=0.006). When stratified by device, use of the Amplatzer™ PFO Occluder resulted in significant stroke-prevention benefit over medical therapy alone: hazard ratio=0.44 (95% CI, 0.21–0.95; P=0.037).When compared with medical therapy alone, PFO closure with medical therapy showed a trend toward a decreased hazard of combined events, although the absolute event reduction was small and the number needed to treat was high.     

经房间隔穿刺途径行卵圆孔未闭封堵术患者的临床疗效及预后观察

目的 探讨经房间隔（AS）穿刺途径行介入封堵术治疗卵圆孔未闭（PFO）患者的安全性、有效性及预后。 方法 选取2016年8月—2017年12月衡水市人民医院心外科和武汉大学人民医院心内科经卵圆孔途径行介入封堵 失败后改经AS穿刺途径完成PFO封堵的21例患者为AS穿刺组,取同期经卵圆孔途径行介入封堵术的30例PFO患 者为对照组。观察PFO封堵术的有效封堵率、并发症、心脑血管事件的发生及预后情况。结果 经导管PFO封堵术 的成功率为100%。AS穿刺组的平均手术时间较对照组延长（78.0 min±13.4 min vs. 49.2 min±11.9 min）。2组患者术 中及术后3 d的手术并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。术后随访1~18个月,AS穿刺组存在1例严重残余分流,有效 封堵率为95.2%,与对照组间比较差异无统计学意义;2组间主要研究终点事件（卒中、周围血栓栓塞、死亡）和次要研 究终点事件（新发房颤、心肌梗死、PFO相关的再次住院、出血）比较差异无统计学意义;Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示 随访期间内2组间无缺血事件生存率差异无统计学意义。结论 经房间隔穿刺和卵圆孔常规途径行PFO封堵术的 临床疗效、并发症和无缺血事件的生存率比较无明显差异,可作为常规途径失败后较为安全的一种技术补充。     

Amplatzer堵闭器与外科手术治疗动脉导管未闭的比较

目的对Amplatzer堵闭器(ADO)与开胸结扎术治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效及安全性进行对比研究.方法对21例PDA患儿在透视监视下经导管置入Amplatzer堵闭器封堵PDA,术后30 min行主动脉弓降部造影,术后24 h、1月、3月、6月及1年、2年、3年,分别行彩色超声心动图、胸片、心电图等随访观察;与行开胸结扎术的18例PDA患儿做比较.结果ADO介入组与开胸组治疗成功率均达100%.ADO介入组住院时间、术中失血量与开胸组比较均有显著减少,ADO介入组的手术并发症发生率明显低于开胸组.结论介入组痛苦更少、恢复更快、并发症更少且无需输血治疗;动脉导管未闭(PDA)的ADO介入治疗在有适应症的范围内可替代外科手术,值得在临床上推广应用.     

两种不同类型左心耳封堵器的动物实验研究

目的 评价单盘圆柱型及双盘分体型两种不同左心耳封堵器进行动物左心耳封堵的可行性及安全性.方法 14只健康实验犬使用单盘圆柱型或双盘分体型左心耳封堵器经股静脉途径进行左心耳封堵,术中左房造影评价封堵后效果;对非预期死亡的实验犬立即进行大体标本检查分析死因,存活的实验犬分别于术后第45天、80天、110天、15月处死,对封...