食管支架治疗67例食管疾患回顾性分析

目的：通过回顾食管支架治疗的病历资料，比较几种不同食管支架治疗食管疾病的利弊，以便扬长避短，提高疗效。方法：67例食管狭窄和食管瘘患者在胃镜直视下放置食管支架，对食管狭窄者先行探条扩张。结果：经治患者吞咽困难和呛咳症状消失或明显改善。并发症：肿瘤生长再梗阻3例：肉芽生长再梗阻1例：食物堵塞1例；支架边缘蚀穿食管2例；支架脱落1例。结论：食管支架治疗食管狭窄和食管瘘具有很好的近期疗效，但应注意避免和防范并发症的发生。     

Contrast-enhanced endosonography for the diagnosis of anal and anovaginal fistulas

PURPOSE: We assessed whether contrast-enhanced anal endosonography (AES) with hydrogen peroxide improves the identification of anal fistulas and their internal openings compared with non-contrast AES. METHODS: The study group comprised 12 patients who had various types of anal fistulas with visible external openings. AES was performed before and about 15 seconds after injection of 1 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide into the fistula tract through the external opening. RESULTS: Both contrast and non-contrast AES revealed 7 transsphincteric, 2 intersphincteric, 1 suprasphincteric, and 2 anovaginal fistulas. Simple tracts were found in 8 cases and complex tracts in 4 cases on non-contrast AES. Contrast-enhanced AES revealed 9 simple and 3 complex fistulas. One fistula that appeared complex on the non-contrast study appeared simple after contrast agent administration. Contrast-enhanced AES demonstrated more internal openings than non-contrast AES did. Surgery confirmed 11 of the fistulas; an internal opening could not be located surgically for the other tract. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced AES appears to be superior to non-contrast AES in the preoperative assessment of anal and anovaginal fistulas and in demonstrating and locating their internal openings.     

肛指温差值与高热病儿降温效果关系的研究

目的 研究肛指温差值与高热病儿降温效果的关系。方法 将120例高热病儿随机分两组，一组采用药物降温，另一组采用药物加物理降温。降温前测量肛指温差值，观察降温措施后30min、60min、120min、180min体温下降情况及伴随症状。结果 两组高热病儿肛指温差值〈6℃的体温下降较肛指温差值〉6℃明显（P〈0．05）；肛指温差值〈6℃的高热病儿在降温后30min、60min两个时间段，药物联合物理降温组体温下降优于单用药物降温组（P〈0．05）；肛指温差值〉6℃的高热病儿在药物联合物理降温后30min、60min两个时间段，体温下降不如单用药物降温组（P〈0．05），且伴随症状在30min后有增加。结论 肛指温差值是判断高热病儿降温效果及能否进行物理降温的一个好指标。     

Preoperative sonographic radial artery evaluation and correlation with subsequent radiocephalic fistula outcome.

OBJECTIVE: Primary failure of forearm radiocephalic dialysis fistulas is common even when preoperative vascular mapping is used. Previous studies have suggested that low peak systolic velocity of the radial artery predicts subsequent fistula failure. The study goal was to evaluate whether preoperative spectral Doppler assessment of radial artery inflow can improve forearm fistula outcome prediction. METHODS: Forearm fistulas were placed in 112 patients after preoperative sonographic mapping. Preoperative spectral Doppler sonography measured radial artery peak systolic velocity during tight fist clenching for 3 minutes and after fist relaxation. Vessel diameters and peak systolic velocity were assessed for predictive value based on subsequent fistula adequacy. Fistula flow rates were determined 6 to 12 weeks postoperatively in a subset of patients. RESULTS: Failed and successful fistulas were similar in their preoperative arterial and vein diameters, resistive index, and peak systolic velocity during fist clenching and after fist relaxation. Specifically, there was no difference in fistula success with radial artery peak systolic velocity lower than 50 cm/s versus peak systolic velocity of 50 cm/s or higher. The change in peak systolic velocity after fist relaxation was highly predictive of subsequent fistula outcome among female patients in ad hoc analysis. Fistula adequacy for dialysis in women was 11% when the change in peak systolic velocity was lower than 0 cm/s and 50% when the change was 0 cm/sec or higher (P = .02). The postoperative fistula flow rates were lower when the preoperative change in peak systolic velocity was lower than 0 cm/s than when it was 0 cm/s or higher (316 +/- 46 versus 781 +/- 150 mL/min; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the preoperative peak systolic velocity or the resistive index of successful and failed fistulas. Measurement of the radial artery peak systolic velocity change after release of fist clenching was not useful in predicting outcomes in male patients but identified a subset of female patients with a very low likelihood of success. This criterion may merit further investigation in future trials.     

内支架治疗消化道恶性梗阻的探讨

目的探讨内支架治疗消化道恶性梗阻和食管-支气管瘘的有效性和安全性。方法71例消化道恶性梗阻和食管-支气管瘘患者采用永久性部分覆膜镍钛合金内支架治疗,全部病例均在DSA监视下经口或肛门将支架置放于梗阻或瘘口部位,术前术后均做造影对照,根据进食进水和排便情况评价疗效。结果上消化道支架置入后恢复饮食,饮水后无呛咳62例(96.9%);乙状结肠和直肠支架置入后肠梗阻症状均即刻解除;术后支架移位2例(2.8%);再狭窄2例(2.8%);声音嘶哑1例(1.4%);胸部剧烈疼痛2例(2.8%),轻度疼痛12例(16.9%);大出血1例(1.4%),经相应处理后全部好转。结论永久性部分覆膜镍钛合金内支架置入术是消化道恶性梗阻和食管-支气管瘘的有效治疗方法,操作简便,安全性高。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图在冠状动脉瘘封堵术中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图（CDE）在冠状动脉瘘（CAF）封堵术中的价值。 方法应用CDE选择10例CAF实施封堵，封堵术后应用CDE判定疗效。 结果根据CDE选择10例CAF，9例成功实施封堵。其中8例首次封堵术后CDE复查瘘口处分流束血流信号消失，1例首次封堵术后CDE复查瘘口处显示少量残余分流束血流信号，再次封堵术后CDE复查瘘口处分流束血流信号消失。另外1例因瘘口直径过大封堵失败又行开胸手术治疗。 结论CDE在CAF封堵术中具有重要临床价值。封堵术前CDE明确指出哪一支冠状动脉瘘至哪个心腔、瘘口直径及除外合并畸形是成功实施封堵的关键；封堵术后CDE判断疗效重点观察封堵器位置及瘘口处是否有残余分流束血流信号。     

多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描对肝细胞癌合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘的诊断价值

目的探究多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描对肝细胞癌合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘的诊断价值。方法选择2018年10月至2019年10月本院收治的50例肝细胞癌患者作为研究对象。所有患者均接受多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描和数字化血管造影诊断。将数字化血管造影结果视为金标准,分析多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描结果。结果数字化血管造影检出19例肝动脉-门静脉瘘,多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描检出16例肝动脉-门静脉瘘(中央型9例、周围型7例)。多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描检测肝细胞癌患者肝动脉-门静脉瘘的灵敏度为84.21%,特异度为41.94%,漏诊率为15.79%,误诊率为58.06%。结论多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描在肝细胞癌合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘患者诊断中能够取得较为理想的效果,值得推荐。