Percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of coronary artery fistulas using detachable balloons

Three pediatric patients underwent successful transcatheter coronary artery fistula occlusion using the Debrun system. This latex balloon system offers several advantages over other occlusion systems. First, the balloon delivery and release is controlled. Second, “test occlusions” can be performed that allow simultaneous balloon inflation, coronary cineangiography, and electrocardiographic monitoring. Third, because the balloons are flow-directed, they are easily positioned in properly chosen locations. Finally, the balloons can be constructed to suit the size of the fistula. In this study, two patients received only one balloon; in the other patient two balloons were placed in the same fistula. All fistulas drained into either the right atrium or ventricle and were successfully occluded. After a follow-up period of up to 3 years, no local or systemic reactions to the balloons were recognized. We conclude that detachable balloon occlusion of coronary artery fistulas is a safe, effective alternative to surgical ligation in selected pediatric patients.     

Diagnostic lessons learnt from a series of enterovesical fistulae

Objective An enterovesical fistula (EVF) is an uncommon condition requiring careful and sometimes extensive preoperative investigation. Our experience over a 10‐year period has been reviewed with emphasis on the diagnostic investigations performed. Patients and method Forty‐two patients (30 male) have been studied. Presenting symptoms, diagnostic investigations, and subsequent treatment have been reviewed. Results The site of the fistulae were; 37 colonic, 2 rectal, and 3 ileal. The commonest presenting symptoms were; pneumaturia 75%, faecaluria 63% and urinary tract infections 57%. The positivity rate of the investigations performed were; cystoscopy 89%, urine cytology 86%, barium enema 65%, computerized tomography (CT) scanning 55%, IVP 35%, and cystography 27.5%. The causes of the fistula were; diverticular disease 71%, carcinoma 20%, Crohn's disease 7%, and radiotherapy 2%. Conclusions We recommend cystoscopy and urine cytology for faecal material as the first‐line investigations in all patients with a suspected enterovesical fistulae. CT scanning and barium enema should not be first line investigations but may be performed subsequently to help determine the aetiology and planning of surgery.     

Evaluation of an aortic stent graft for use in surgery on esophageal cancer involving the thoracic aorta

Objective: The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate whether aortic stent grafting can be applied to the treatment of an esophageal cancer involving the thoracic aorta. Methods: The canine thoracic aorta was partially resected without aorta being clamped after emplacement of an endovascular stent graft. Study I; The aortic whole layer of 1 cm in length and 1/4 of the circumference was resected and was covered by a free fascia patch of the abdominal rectal muscle immediately after stent graft placement. Study II; The aortic adventitia and the outer half of the media of the same size was resected on day 3, 7,14, 21, and on day 28, after the stent graft placement. The resected portion was covered by the free fascia patch in half experimental dogs, and was uncovered in the others. Study III; The aortic adventitia and the outer half of the media of 1 cm in length and 1/2 of the circumference was resected and was uncovered on day 7 after stent graft placement. Histological examinations were performed on day 28 and at one year after aortic resection. Results: The aortic wall could be resected in all cases with no complication, except in resection of 1/2 the circumference where the aorta had become narrow. There was no difference in healing of the resected portion of the aorta between with and without fascia covering. Conclusion: An aortic endovascular stent graft could be applied to surgery for an esophageal cancer involving the aorta.     

肛管鳞癌的诊断与治疗(附15例分析)

目的探讨肛管癌诊断、治疗和预后的相关因素。方法北京医院1984-1998年间收治15例肛管鳞癌,首次诊断为肛管癌者仅5例。15例中行放疗化疗11例,8例行Miles手术。结果病理均证实为鳞癌。根据NCCN(2003年)分期,Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期4例,ⅢA期2例,ⅢB期3例。免疫组织化学染色显示肿瘤组织间质纤维化(+++)者4例,(++)者7例,(+)者4例。随诊最长10年,平均生存期(47±27.6)个月。结论肛门指诊是发现和诊断肛管癌的重要手段。放疗以及以放疗为主,化疗、手术为辅的综合治疗是肛管癌的主要治疗方法。肿瘤分期、腹股沟淋巴结转移、治疗方法以及肿瘤组织间质纤维化对病人的预后均有影响。     

Amebic abscess of the liver manifested by “hemoptysis”: US,CT, and MRI findings

Ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a patient suffering from an amebic abscess of the liver complicated by a bronchohepatic fistula are presented. Subsequent to US, CT provided the specific diagnosis. Multiplanar MRI was valuable to directly visualize the secondary diaphragmatic rupture and the bronchohepatic fistula.     

肛瘘经括约肌间瘘管结扎后肛门功能恢复的相关影响因素分析

目的 探讨肛瘘经括约肌间瘘管结扎后肛门功能的恢复情况及其影响因素。方法 采取病例对照研究方法,选取海口市中医医院2019年1月—2022年8月收治的172例肛瘘患者作为研究对象。统计分析患者手术前后肛门功能恢复情况,根据患者术后3个月的肛门功能恢复情况将其分为良好组140例、不良组32例。比较两组患者的手术指标、术后并发症及基线资料,采用多因素一般Logistic回归分析影响手术后肛门功能恢复的相关因素。结果 良好组手术后创面愈合更早（P <0.05）,疼痛持续时间更短（P <0.05）,总体平均住院总时间短于不良组（P <0.05）。良好组与不良组术后1、2、3个月的Wexner量表评分比较,采用重复测量设计的方差分析,结果 ①不同时间点的Wexner量表评分有差异（P <0.05）;②两组的Wexner量表评分有差别（P <0.05）,良好组Wexner量表评分较不良组低,肛门功能恢复较好。③两组的Wexner量表评分变化趋势有差异（P <0.05）。良好组患者的病程、瘘管长度、Parks分型、术后切口感染率、二次手术率（再次实施清创手术）、治疗依从性（术后用药是否遵从医嘱）、术后机械性刺激率（术后各种外因刺激肛门）与不良组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示,肛瘘患者病程［O^R =1.842（95% CI：1.105,3.073）］、瘘管长度［O^R =1.788（95% CI：1.137,2.812）］、术后切口感染［O^R =1.694（95% CI：1.081,2.653）］、再次手术［O^R =1.347（95% CI：1.018,1.783）］、治疗依从性［O^R =1.493（95% CI：1.058,2.108）］是肛瘘患者括约肌间瘘管结扎后肛门功能恢复不良的影响因素（P <0.05）。结论 肛瘘患者经括约肌间瘘管结扎后肛门功能大部分恢复良好,但是肛瘘患者病程较长、瘘管长度较长、出现术后切口感染、术后再次手术、治疗依从性差可能会增大患者术后肛门功能恢复不良的风险。     

HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA WITH MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA An Autopsy Case

A 60-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed at autopsy as having had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) associated with systemic hemangiomas. In her repoduction period, premenstrual epistaxis frequently occurred. At the age of 60, the patient died of malignant lymphoma. At autopsy, multiple telangiectatic spots were noted on the face, limbs and trunk. The paraaortic lymph nodes, which were enlarged and irregularly conglomerated, were histologically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of the diffuse large cell type. Submucosal telangiectatic lesions were found in the gastrointestinal system from the oral cavity to the rectum. Cavernous hemangiomas were present in various visceral organs including the liver, spleen, small and large intestines, rectum, appendix, uterus, and jejunal and colonic mesenteries. There was an arteriovenous fistula in the left lung. Examination of her family pedigree showed that the patient had an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance. The pathogenesis of the systemic visceral hemangiomas observed in this patient was considered to be similar to that of hamartoma.     

Computerised analysis of auscultatory sounds associated with vascular patency of haemodialysis access

Vascular access for renal dialysis is a lifeline for about 120 000 individuals in the United States. Stethoscope auscultation of vascular sounds has some utility in the assessment of access patency, yet can be highly skill-dependent. The objective of the study was to identify acoustic parameters that are related to changes in vascular access patency. The underlying hypothesis is that stenoses of haemodialysis access vessels or grafts cause vascular sound changes that are detectable using computerised data acquisition and analysis. Eleven patients participated in the study. Their vascular sounds were recorded before and after angiography, which was accompanied by angioplasty in most patients. The sounds were acquired using two electronic stethoscopes and then digitised and analysed on a personal computer. Vessel stenosis changes were found to be associated with changes in acoustic amplitude and/or spectral energy distribution. Certain acoustic parameters correlated well (correlation coefficient=0.98, p<0.0001) with the change in the degree of stenosis, suggesting that stenosis severity may be predictable from these parameters. Parameters also appeared to be sensitive to modest diameter changes (>20%), (p<0.005, Wilcoxon rank sum test). These results suggest that computerised analysis of vascular sounds may be useful in vessel patency surveillance. Further testing using longitudinal studies may be warranted.     

彩超及多排CT在诊断颈动脉海绵窦瘘中的应用

目的探讨B超及多排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)在诊断颈动脉海绵窦瘘中的应用价值。方法分析23例颈动脉海绵窦瘘病例。对受检者行B型超声及颅脑CTA检查,采用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)技术处理图像。结果超声可发现增粗的眼上静脉与脉搏同步搏动,并能检测血流频谱,CT检查发现23例均海绵窦扩大.动脉期眼上静脉显影并扩张,8例动脉期大脑中静脉显影并扩张。其中一例同时合并左侧大脑中动脉动脉瘤。结论B型超声及多排螺旋CT血管造影对诊断颈内动脉海绵窦瘘有重要的应用价值。