乌司他丁联合奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效观察及对患者血清LPS、AMY和CRP水平的影响

目的探讨乌司他丁联合奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎的临床效果及对患者血清脂肪酶(LPS)、淀粉酶(AMY)及C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响。方法将2012年8月至2017年7月医院收治的100例急性胰腺炎患者随机分为对照组与观察组每组50例,对照组单用奥曲肽治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用乌司他丁联合治疗,比较两组治疗效果,记录患者各症状改善时间,测定两组治疗前后血清LPS、AMY、CRP、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等细胞、炎症因子水平的变化,统计治疗不良反应发生率。结果观察组临床治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组腹痛消失时间、体温恢复时间、首次排便时间、恢复进食时间、AMY恢复时间、总住院时间均短于对照组(P <0.05);治疗前,两组血LPS、AMY、CRP、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05),治疗10 d,两组上述指标均降低(P <0. 05),观察组降低幅度高于对照组(P <0.05);两组治疗不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论在急性胰腺炎患者的临床治疗中采用乌司他丁联合奥曲肽治疗方案,临床价值肯定,可明显下调患者血LPS、AMY及炎症因子水平,促进其恢复,且安全性高。     

诊断急性胰腺炎的生化检测指标评析

目的通过检测血淀粉酶（S-Amy）、胰脂肪酶（LPS）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及尿淀粉酶（U—Amy）、尿胰蛋白酶原激活肽（TAP）5项生化指标,探讨急性胰腺炎（AP）早期诊断及病情评估的有效指标。方法将541例急腹症患者分为AP组和非AP组,其中AP组分为轻症AP（MAP）和重症AP（SAP）,同时选取80例健康体检者作为正常对照组,于患者人院后6h内采集静脉血并留取新鲜尿液,对各组5项生化指标进行检测和分析。S-Amy,U—Amy、LPS采用速率法,TAP、CRP采用EusA法。结果S-Amy、U—Amy和TAP水平在AP组最高,非AP组次之,正常对照组最低,各组之间差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。AP组LPS水平较非AP组及正常对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）。AP组与非AP组CRP水平均较正常对照组增高（P〈0．01）,但AP组CRP水平与非AP组比较无显著差异。SAP组U—Amy、TAP及CRP水平显著高于MAP组（P〈0．01）,而S-Amy、LPS水平在这两组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。LPS用于AP早期诊断的敏感度为92．1％、特异度为91．6oA,显著高于S—Amy、U—Amy、TAP及CRP。结论血、尿淀粉酶、LPS指标对于AP的早期诊断具有重要意义,TAP和CRP有助于评估病变的严重程度、观察疗效及评估预后。     

Regulation of Macronutrient Intake—Carbohydrate,Fat and Protein

Appetite regulation and feeding behaviour is critical for survival. Through appetite regulation the proper amounts of fat, carbohydrate and protein are provided as well as the proper amounts of micronutrients. The existence of a selective macronutrient appetite regulation has been demonstrated both in rodents and man. This macronutrient preference is genetically determined and within a species dependent on diurnal variation. Certain neuropeptides and monoamines have been identified as giving preingestive signals for this macronutrient appetite regulation. The digestion, absorption and metabolism of the nutrients constitute a second part of macronutrient regulation, giving post-ingestive signals.

This review focuses on the current knowledge of macronutrient appetite regulation and its importance.     

Salivary amylase activity in Samoan migrants

Whole saliva was collected from adults and children in three communities of Samoan migrants in Hawaii. Amylase isoenzymes were separated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. Measurements weremade of amylase activities and protein content. Compared with reports of other populations, Samoans have a reduced number of a‐amylase isoenzymes and standard levels of salivary amylase and protein. Although the results are inconclusive, they presently do not support the genetotrophic hypothesis linking high starch diets with high levels of salivary a‐amylase.     

川芎嗪治疗重症急性胰腺炎的实验研究

目的探讨川芎嗪对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎的治疗作用及其机制。方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、重症急性胰腺炎组(胰腺炎组)和川芎嗪治疗组(治疗组),每组10只。以L-精氨酸注射法制作大鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型,治疗组大鼠在制模成功后给予川芎嗪治疗,在实验后24 h采集标本,比较不同组大鼠胰腺组织HE染色结果,血清淀粉酶、白介素-6(IL-6)、TNF-α水平及胰腺湿/干比率。结果胰腺炎组和治疗组大鼠血清淀粉酶、IL-6和TNF-α水平均显著高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组大鼠血清淀粉酶[(883.75±143.25)U/L vs.(1 031.94±146.59)U/L]、IL-6[(148.65±18.94)pg/L vs.(185.79±17.49)pg/L]和TNF-α[(109.31±123.65)pg/mL vs.(155.79±17.49)pg/mL]均低于胰腺炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组大鼠胰腺湿/干比率(9.8±0.7)低于胰腺炎组(12.5±0.8),差异有统计学意义。结论川芎嗪可通过降低重症急性胰腺炎大鼠的血清淀粉酶、IL-6和TNF-α水平发挥治疗作用。     

Reflection on design and testing of pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors: an in silico comparison between rat and rabbit enzyme models

Background

Inhibitors of pancreatic alpha-amylase are potential drugs to treat diabetes and obesity. In order to find compounds that would be effective amylase inhibitors, in vitro and in vivo models are usually used. The accuracy of models is limited, but these tools are nonetheless valuable. In vitro models could be used in large screenings involving thousands of chemicals that are tested to find potential lead compounds. In vivo models are still used as preliminary mean of testing compounds behavior in the whole organism. In the case of alpha-amylase inhibitors, both rats and rabbits could be chosen as in vivo models. The question was which animal could present more accuracy with regard to its pancreatic alpha-amylase.

Results

As there is no crystal structure of these enzymes, a molecular modeling study was done in order to compare the rabbit and rat enzymes with the human one. The overall result is that rabbit enzyme could probably be a better choice in this regard, but in the case of large ligands, which could make putative interactions with the −4 subsite of pancreatic alpha-amylase, interpretation of results should be made cautiously.

Conclusion

Molecular modeling tools could be used to choose the most suitable model enzyme that would help to identify new enzyme inhibitors. In the case of alpha-amylase, three-dimensional structures of animal enzymes show differences with the human one which should be taken into account when testing potential new drugs.     

高脂血症性急性胰腺炎36例临床分析

目的 探讨高脂血症性急性胰腺炎的临床特点和发病机制,加强对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析36例高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis,HLAP)和同期40例急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)患者的临床资料,对其临床特点、实验室指标、治疗方法进行总结.结果 HLAP组中血淀粉酶正常者2例,尿淀粉酶正常者5例,其余患者血尿淀粉酶均不同程度升高;血脂明显高于ABP组(P＜0.05);其并发症及复发率均高于ABP组(P＜0.05).结论 对于高度怀疑胰腺炎者,在入院后开始治疗前应常规查血脂、血尿淀粉酶、腹部CT或彩超,结合临床症状可帮助诊断.除常规治疗外,尽快将血脂降至安全水平是治疗的关键.     

In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic effect of Cistus laurifolius L. and detection of major phenolic compounds by UPLC–TOF-MS analysis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In Turkish folk medicine, various parts of Cistus laurifolius L. are used to treat gastric ulcer and various types of pains. Additionally the tea prepared from the leaves is used to decrease symptoms of diabetes.

Materials and methods

In the present study, the hypoglycemic effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cistus laurifolius were investigated in normal, glucose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects were determined to evaluate the mechanism of action. Total phenolic content of the extracts were determined by using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (UPLC–TOF-MS) was used to detect the major phenolic compounds in the extract.

Results

Results indicated that blood glucose levels of the STZ-induced diabetic rats were decreased by ethanol extract at of 250 and 500 mg/kg doses as compared to control group (16%–34%). In glucose loaded animals, extracts have shown a weak hypoglycemic effect (11%–20%). Additionally, the ethanol extract of Cistus laurifolius is found to be a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, possibly due to several polyphenolic compounds present within the extract. Twelve major flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, quercitrin and their derivatives), gallic, ellagic and chlorogenic acid in chromatographic fingerprint were analyzed by the on-line UPLC–TOF-MS system.

Conclusions

Due to having inhibitory effect on blood glucose level and carbohydrate digesting enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), Cistus laurifolius leaves might be beneficial for diabetic patients.     

尿淀粉酶/尿肌酐及尿胰蛋白酶原-2诊断急性胰腺炎的评价

目的探讨尿淀粉酶/尿肌酐(Uamy/Ucr)及尿胰蛋白酶原2测定对急性胰腺炎的临床诊断价值。方法对79例急性胰腺炎患者、48例非胰腺炎急腹症患者和50例健康对照组人员进行血清淀粉酶(Samy)、尿淀粉酶(Uamy)、尿肌酐(Ucr)及尿胰蛋白酶原2测定。结果急性胰腺炎尿胰蛋白酶原2的诊断特异性最高,其特异性和敏感性分别为97.92%和91.14%,其次Uamy/Ucr特异性为91.67%,敏感性为92.41%(临界值为75U/mmol),而临床常用的诊断指标Samy、Uamy的特异性和敏感性均低于前两者。结论尿淀粉酶/尿肌酐比值及尿胰蛋白酶原2检测是较好的早期诊断急性胰腺炎的指标。     

强肌健力方及黄芪多糖对脾虚大鼠胃肠激素水平的影响

目的 观察强肌健力方及其有效组分黄芪多糖对脾虚大鼠血清淀粉酶(AMS)、胃泌素(Gas)和血浆胃动素(MTL)水平变化的影响,探讨强肌健力方防治脾虚证的作用机理.方法 将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、脾虚模型组、强肌健力组、黄芪多糖组、强肌健力方去黄芪加黄芪多糖组(简称强肌多糖组),除正常对照组灌服蒸馏水外,其余各组采用大黄复制脾虚模型,分别给予强肌健力方、黄芪多糖、强肌多糖药液灌胃,连续15d.第16天从眼球眶下静脉采血,放射免疫分析法测定Gas和MTL的含量,比色法检测AMS的含量.结果 脾虚模型组大鼠血清AMS、Gas和血浆MTL含量均比正常对照显著降低(P均＜0.01);而强肌健力和强肌多糖组能使大鼠血清AMS、Gas和血浆MTL含量显著升高,与脾虚模型组比较有统计学差异(P均＜0.01),但黄芪多糖组对其影响不明显.结论 强肌健力方能改善和促进消化道机能及胃肠动力学,其作用机理与调节Gas和MTL分泌水平有关.但黄芪多糖对Gas和MTL分泌没有调节作用,需与方中其他药物联合应用方能显效.