角膜塑形镜对近视眼调节微波动幅度和调节滞后的影响

目的 研究近视眼配戴角膜塑形镜后调节微波动幅度和调节滞后的改变.方法 横断面研究.选取在视光门诊规范验配、随诊、配戴角膜塑形镜者15例作为观察组,框架眼镜者15例作为对照组;使用开放视野型红外验光仪(WAM-5500)测量两组在0～4 D的调节刺激下的调节反应,计算相应的调节微波动幅度、调节滞后值和调节误差指数.对两组相关数据进行独立样本t检验.结果 在0、1、2、3、4D调节刺激下,角膜塑形镜组的调节微波动幅度均大于框架眼镜组,且差异有统计学意义(t=3.704、3.277、2.365、2.179、2.591,P均＜0.05).角膜塑形镜组的调节滞后值均小于框架眼镜组,在2,3和4D调节刺激下,两组差异有统计学意义(t=-2.208,-2.244,-2.098,P均＜0.05);而在0和1 D调节刺激下,两组差异无统计学意义(t=-1.974、-1.758,P＞0.05).角膜塑形镜组的调节误差指数小于框架眼镜组,且差异有统计学意义(t=-2.098,P＜0.05).结论 近视眼配戴角膜塑形镜后,调节微波动幅度增大;在高调节需求时,调节滞后值减小,这为其延缓近视的进展提供了一定依据.     

骶髂关节脱位两种内固定的三维有限元分析

背景：有限元法能对复杂的结构、形态、载荷和材料力学性能进行应力分析比较,已经是骨科生物力学研究中的重要手段。 目的: 旨在建立骨盆骶髂关节（单侧）脱位模型,比较两种内固定治疗后的生物力学稳定性,为临床骶髂关节损伤的治疗提供生物力学依据。 设计、时间及地点：三维有限元分析,单一样本观察。于2007-01/03在南方医科大学生物力学实验室完成。 方法: 在正常的骨盆三维有限元模型的基础上,截断骶髂关节间的骶髂前后韧带(包含骶髂骨间韧带),以及骶结节韧带和骶棘韧带等盆底韧带,造成骶髂关节脱位。分别在两种固定方法的模型上,加载后进行非线性有限元分析。 主要观察指标：计算该加载方式下的骨盆的应力、应变及位移的分布情况。 结果: 建立了高精度骨盆骶髂关节脱位两种内固定的三维有限元模型。通过应力应变云图分析与比较后发现,采用骶髂关节拉力螺钉内固定相对于前路钢板内固定移位的总位移小,应力分布均匀,无明显高度集中现象,固定强度更大,固定后的骨盆更稳定。 结论: 利用有限元方法分析骨盆骶髂关节脱位两种内固定生物力学稳定性,具有较高真实性、精确度和可重复性,结果与其他生物力学实验结果相一致。能满足临床骨盆损伤研究的需要。 关键词:骶髂关节脱位;重建钢板;拉力螺钉;有限元分析     

盐酸胺碘酮包衣脉冲片的制备及体外释放度的研究

目的研制盐酸胺碘酮包衣脉冲片,并考查体外释放特性。方法以盐酸胺碘酮为模型药物,制备合适的片芯;以乙基纤维素和丙烯酸树脂L100的乙醇溶液包衣,滚转包衣技术制备盐酸胺碘酮脉冲释放片,采用正交实验优化其制剂工艺,并进行体外溶出度测定。结果片芯崩解剂的用量为8%,包衣增重量为12%,包衣组成Eud-ragit L100-EC=2∶1即能达到设计要求,按照优化后处方制备的脉冲片的体外释药时滞为(6.11±0.18)h。结论本脉冲片处方设计和工艺方法可行,体外试验满足脉冲释药时滞效果。     

Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feral swine near spinach fields and cattle, central California coast

We investigated involvement of feral swine in contamination of agricultural fields and surface waterways with Escherichia coli O157:H7 after a nationwide outbreak traced to bagged spinach from California. Isolates from feral swine, cattle, surface water, sediment, and soil at 1 ranch were matched to the outbreak strain.     

Multiple sublineages of influenza A virus (H5N1), Vietnam, 2005-2007

Phylogenetic analysis of influenza subtype H5N1 viruses isolated from Vietnam during 2005-2007 shows that multiple sublineages are present in Vietnam. Clade 2.3.4 viruses have replaced clade 1 viruses in northern Vietnam, and clade 1 viruses have been detected in southern Vietnam. Reassortment between these 2 sublineages has also occurred.     

Proficiency of nucleic acid tests for avian influenza viruses, Australasia

An avian influenza quality assurance program was used to provide information for laboratories on the sensitivity and specificity of their avian influenza nucleic acid testing. Most laboratories were able to correctly detect clinically relevant amounts of influenza virus (H5N1), and results improved as each subsequent panel was tested.     

The knowledge desired by emergency medical service managers of their ambulance clinicians – A modified Delphi study

AimThe aim of the study was to identify the types of knowledge that Swedish Emergency Medical Service (EMS) managers considered desirable in their Ambulance Clinicians.BackgroundEmergency medical service managers are responsible for organisational tasking and in this are dependent on the knowledge possessed by their ambulance clinicians. It would therefore be of value to explore EMS managers’ approach to this knowledge.DesignA modified Delphi method in three rounds.MethodsIn total thirty-six EMS managers participated, and twenty-four finished all three rounds. They were encouraged to rate each sub-category, and the ten with the highest mean were interdependently ranked in the final round.ResultsFive categories and twenty-six sub-categories emerged in the first round, covering knowledge related to; contextual aspects, medical and holistic assessments, formal education and organisational issues. Eventually, the sub-category ‘Knowledge to assess the patient’s situation from a holistic perspective’ was the highest ranked, followed by ‘Medical knowledge to assess and care for different diseases’ and ‘Knowledge to be able to care for critically ill patients’.ConclusionsTaken together the knowledge areas address essentially medical care, contextual aspects and nursing. The boundaries between these can sometimes be seen as elusive, calling for ambulance clinicians to balance these areas of knowledge.     

气温对亚热带季风气候内陆城市登革热传播的影响

目的 以江西省樟树市为例探究气温对登革热传播的影响,为亚热带季风气候内陆城市登革热监测预警提供理论依据。方法 收集樟树市2019年本地感染登革热病例及同时期气温数据,利用核密度分析、标准差椭圆、交叉相关分析等方法分析了登革热时空变化及其与气温因子的关系。结果 樟树市登革热发病具有明显的时空分异特征。从时间上看,2019年8—9月登革热发病数先升高后降低,在8月29日达到峰值,日新增病例为64例。随后新增病例开始减少,9月11日以后无新增病例。从空间上看,人口密集、卫生条件相对较差的老城区（淦阳街道、鹿江街道及福成街道）登革热病例密度最高,而随着与市中心城区距离的增大登革热病例密度逐渐递减,登革热有从中心城区向周边区域辐射的趋势,主要向东北和西南方向扩散。相关分析显示,登革热病例数与最高气温、积温呈正相关关系,并存在明显的滞后效应,以滞后5~10 d,滑动平均7~10 d的相关性最高。登革热病例扩散率与最高气温、最低气温以及积温均呈正相关关系,但未见明显的滞后效应。结论 气温对登革热的传播与扩散有重要影响,及时掌握最高气温、最低气温、积温的变化趋势,尽早采取措施是登革热防控的关键。