Single-level anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion using PEEK anatomical cervical cage and allograft bone

Background  

In an effort to avoid the morbidity associated with autogenous bone graft harvesting, cervical cages in combination with allograft bone are used to achieve fusion. The goal of the current study was to assess the reliability and efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion (ACDF) using a PEEK anatomical cervical cage in the treatment of patients affected by single-level cervical degenerative disease.     

大、小直径钛网对终板-钛网界面应力分布影响的比较

目的 比较大、小直径钛网植骨对颈椎椎体次全切除减压终板-钛网界面应力分布的影响.方法 利用Ansys 9.0软件的建模功能,建立大、小直径钛网植骨钢板固定手术模型.分别对模型施加80 N预载荷及1.8 Nm力矩,使其产生轴向压缩、前屈和后伸运动,选取终板-钛网界面7个接触点,提取各个点的von Mise.应力,然后进行...     

Allosensitization in bridge to transplant Novacor left ventricular assist device patients: analysis of long-term outcomes with regard to acute rejection and chronic allograft vasculopathy

BACKGROUND: The true relevance of allosensitization in patients benefiting from left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as bridge to transplant (BTT) is still debated. Available registry data referred to numerous devices precluding LVAD-specific analysis. Therefore, we studied all patients with Novacor LVAD prior to transplantation. METHODS: From 1985 to 2006, 37 Novacor LVADs were implanted as BTT, with 30 patients surviving to transplantation (81%). Post-LVAD sensitization was determined for anti-HLA-class I and class II IgGs. Study endpoints were overall survival and/or graft loss, > or =3A cellular rejection and chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV). The results from LVAD patients were compared to non-LVAD primary heart transplant recipients (n=318). RESULTS: After LVAD insertion, 5 out of 27 patients available for analysis developed anti-HLA antibodies (18.5%). The mean anti-HLA titer after Novacor LVAD implantation was 14% [SD 31]. Actuarial 5- and 10-year patient/graft survival for LVAD and non-LVAD transplant recipients were 73% and 55%, and 70% and 55%, respectively (p=NS). Overall prevalence of rejection > or =3A was 23.3 % (LVAD group) and 18.9% (non-LVAD group) (p=NS). At follow-up, the respective incidence of CAV was 8% (LVAD group) and 32.4% (non-LVAD group) (p<0.01). However, mean follow-up was significantly different for LVAD and non-LVAD patients, 46 vs 90 months (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, allosensitization occurred infrequently after Novacor LVAD implantation. Secondly, analysis of outcome variables shows that Novacor-LVAD BTT patients can anticipate similar survival to non-LVAD patients, thus minimizing the impact of allosensitization after LVAD implantation.     

应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：对合并发育性颈椎管狭窄的严重的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎患者应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗,并进行分析,方法：对7例哈 并发育性颈椎管狭窄的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎病患者先行后路颈椎单开门椎板成形术或颈椎 切除减压术,然后前路行颈椎间盘,骨赘切除减压颈椎螺旋融合器植入术,术后采用日本整形外科学会标准17分法进行测评,结果：平均随访时间12个月,7例患者术后均有不同程度皮肤感觉改善和四肢肌力提高,其中2例大小便障碍者括约肌功能恢复,脊髓功能的平均改善率为76．2％,结论：本手术方法减压彻底,具有安全性,颈椎螺旋融合器的应用解决了颈椎间稳定性问题。     

钛质网笼内植物加前路带锁钢板对颈椎稳定性的生物力学评价

目的评价颈椎在植入颈椎钛质网笼内植物和植入钛质网笼内植物辅助AO前路带锁钢板内固定两者的生物力学稳定性.方法测量6例新鲜人颈椎骨骼韧带标本(C2～T1)在正常、C5椎体次全切除减压后植钛质网笼内植物、植钛质网笼内植物后辅助AO前路带锁钢板内固定三种工况下C4～C6节段的三维运动数据,并做统计学处理.结果6例颈椎标本C4～C6节段在正常、植钛质网笼内植物、植钛质网笼内植物加AO前路钢板三种工况下,前屈/后伸、左/右侧弯、左/右轴向旋转的运动范围(ROM)平均值(°)分别为14.12/12.94、13.39/13.11、9.77/10.72;9.70/14.42、8.94/8.61、7.65/8.09和4.39/1.36、4.08/4.19、3.46/3.63.结论颈椎减压、植入钛质网笼后在后伸运动时的稳定性明显不足;辅助AO前路带锁钢板内固定后在各个方向的稳定性都显著增强,可满足临床应用的要求.     

Four Stages and Lack of Stable Accommodation in Chronic Alloantibody-Mediated Renal Allograft Rejection in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The etiology of immunologically mediated chronic renal allograft failure is unclear. One cause is thought to be alloantibodies. Previously in Cynomolgus monkeys, we observed a relationship among donor-specific alloantibodies (DSA), C4d staining, allograft glomerulopathy, allograft arteriopathy and progressive renal failure. To define the natural history of chronic antibody-mediated rejection and its effect on renal allograft survival, we now extend this report to include 417 specimens from 143 Cynomolgus monkeys with renal allografts. A subset of animals with long-term renal allografts made DSA (48%), were C4d positive (29%), developed transplant glomerulopathy (TG) (22%) and chronic allograft arteriopathy (CAA) (19%). These four features were highly correlated and associated with statistically significant shortened allograft survival. Acute cellular rejection, either Banff type 1 or 2, did not correlate with alloantibodies, C4d deposition or TG. However, endarteritis (Banff type 2) correlated with later CAA. Sequential analysis identified four progressive stages of chronic antibody-mediated rejection: (1) DSA, (2) deposition of C4d, (3) TG and (4) rising creatinine/renal failure. These new findings provide strong evidence that chronic antibody-mediated rejection develops without enduring stable accommodation, progresses through four defined clinical pathological stages and shortens renal allograft survival.     

应用颈椎椎间融合器27例的临床分析

目的分析颈椎椎间融合器（CFC）临床应用的疗效。方法对27例植入CFC的脊髓型颈椎病随访3个月～3年,平均1．8年,观察CFC临床应用疗效。结果本组术后均无发生严重的并发症。影像学资料证实脊髓和神经根减压明显,椎间融合器（Cage）融合良好。术后JOA评分均恢复至15分以上,无症状恶化或复发者。结论Cage融合固定术治疗颈椎病有手术创伤小、无供区并发症、术后恢复快及手术成功率高等优点。     

不同干预因素对供皮区愈合的影响

目的试图按循证医学的原则去探讨较厚供皮区的较好覆盖方法,以提高患者的生活质量。方法①不同生物敷料覆盖供皮区的观察:采用随机区组设计方法,将8例患者16鼓皮供区分为8个区组,每组4个创面。观察区分别行"L"、"Z-S"、"Z-Y"、"Z-J"覆盖。②复合皮与凡士林油纱覆盖供皮区的对比观察:选取后躯作供皮区,取皮厚度0.6mm,共23例,将1鼓供区创面一分为二,共46处创面,形成23个对子,随机选取1组应用"F"覆盖,对照区单用"L"。③皮下注液对取皮厚度的影响:当同时切取2鼓时,1鼓注液另一鼓不注液;当切取1鼓时,其中1/2注液,另1/2不注液。皮下注液完成后,同一医师用同一皮鼓切取同厚皮肤(0.6mm)。取皮结束时供皮区均应用凡士林油纱覆盖。用活检器分别取自游离皮肤组织注液区和非注液区各一块,置体积分数10%的中性缓冲甲醛中固定。结果从愈合天数上观察不同覆盖物中以"Z-S"组愈合最快,其次是"L"组,自愈最慢的是"Z-Y"组。"Z-J"组供区愈合后外观瘢痕增生程度及患者自诉瘙痒、疼痛程度明显减轻。"F"组瘢痕增生程度及患者自诉瘙痒疼痛程度最轻,外观接近正常皮肤;取皮前皮下注液后使得皮肤线向外推移,较少或不伤及网状深层,便于取得较薄的中厚皮,从而有利于供皮区愈合。结论对于中厚或厚中厚供皮区如条件允许采用脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮所形成的复合皮移植效果最好,桀亚敷料皮加自体微粒皮或生物敷料A加自体微粒皮进行供皮区覆盖、皮下注液后取皮等方法均有助于提高供皮区愈合质量。     

单枚椎间融合器并对侧经皮椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学研究

目的对单枚融合器联合单侧钉棒系统固定的生物力学性能进行评价。方法5具新鲜小牛腰椎标本,建立以下力学模型：A组：双侧开窗＋双枚融合器置入＋双侧椎弓根钉棒固定;B组：单侧小关节切除＋单枚融合器斜向置入＋同侧椎弓根钉棒固定;C组：单侧开窗＋单枚融合器置入＋同侧椎弓根钉棒固定;D组：单侧开窗＋单枚融合器置入＋对侧椎弓根钉棒固定。在生物力学平台上测试各试验组在不同工况下的ROM值。结果A组的固定最稳固,各工况下ROM值最低。B组的前后抗弯ROM值与A组差异无显著性,其左右侧弯和旋转方向的稳定性较A组有所降低。与B组比较,D组的前后弯曲性能与B组差异无显著性,其左右侧弯方向的ROM低与B组。两组的抗旋转ROM值差异无显著性。C组的左右抗弯及抗旋转性能均差于B、D组。结论单枚椎间融合器联合对侧椎弓根钉棒固定是一种力学性能较为优良组合,可以替代单侧斜向融合器并同侧椎弓根钉棒技术用于下腰椎微创手术。     

Allopeptide-Specific CD4+ T Cells Facilitate the Differentiation of Directly Alloreactive Graft-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells

To investigate the mechanism of CD4(+) T-cell help during the activation and differentiation of directly alloreactive CD8(+) T cells, we examined the development of obliterative airways disease (OAD) following transplantation of airways into fully mismatched recipient mice deficient in CD4(+) T cells. BALB/c trachea allografts became fibrosed significantly less frequently in B6 CD4(-/-) recipients as compared to wildtype controls. Furthermore, class I-directed cytotoxicity failed to develop in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. The infiltration of graft tissue by primed L(d)-specific directly alloreactive 2C CD8(+) T cells was not found to depend on the presence of CD4(+) T cells. Nevertheless, graft-infiltrating 2C CD8(+) T cells failed to express CD69 and granzyme B when CD4(+) T-cell help was unavailable. Importantly, reconstitution of B6 CD4(-/-) recipient mice with graft peptide-specific TCR-Tg CD4(+) T cells (OT-II or TEa) capable of recognizing antigen only on recipient APC allowed for full expression of CD69 and granzyme B by the directly alloreactive CD8(+) T cells and restored the capacity of recipients to reject their allografts. These results demonstrate that indirectly alloreactive CD4(+) T cells ensure the optimal activation and differentiation of graft-infiltrating directly alloreactive CD8(+) T cells independent of donor APC recognition.