旅店室内空气甲醛污染对从业人员健康影响的调查报告

本文以甲醛平均浓度为０．０５８ｍｇ／ｍ３的高级宾馆为接触组和平均浓度为０．０２０ｍｇ／ｍ３的普通招待所为对照组，对其从业人员的健康状况进行调查比较，结果表明：接触组的眼、鼻、咽刺激征、呼吸道症状、头晕、疲劳感、皮肤干燥、月经不调、多汗等自觉症状阳性检出率明显高于对照组，差异具有显著性。提示，旅店业甲醛污染对从业人员健康的影响不能忽视。改善室内环境、降低空气中甲醛浓度，对于保护人体健康具有重要意义。     

原发性肝癌介入治疗中化疗栓塞模式的探索

为探讨空气作为栓塞剂在原发性肝癌介入中的应用并作出评价，选择１３例不能切除的原发性肝癌经肝动脉静灌注化疗后用空气２０～３０ｍｌ栓塞，２～３周一次，反复治疗２～４次，疗程末用碘油阿霉素乳剂作最后栓塞，治疗中观察血象，肝功能，ＡＦＰ和肿瘤大小的变化，并作长期随访。结果：治疗后肿瘤缩小５０％以上者３例，不足５０％者９例，变化不明显１例，随访结果６例生存不足６月，３例生存１０月，２例１２月，另２例生存超过     

中药空气消毒液消毒作用的实验研究

作者通过大量的基础实验和临床现场实验研究,成功研制了中药空气消毒液。研究结果证明:本品具有抗细菌,抗甲型、乙型流感病毒及单纯疱疹病毒的作角。该药液对以金黄色葡萄球菌为代表的G~+菌,以大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌为代表的G~-菌的最小抑菌浓度为5％,最小灭菌浓度为20％,最短灭菌时间为5min。毒理试验证明长期使用此药液无毒副作用。本品在常温下保存性能稳定;对日常用品无损伤现象。临床试验结果证明本品喷雾空气消毒作用与常规紫外线照射法、过氧乙酸喷雾法基本相同。效果满意。     

Direct blood-pressure measurements: risks,technological evolution and some current problems

The direct measurement of blood pressure has found widespread use in intensive care units, operating rooms, and in emergency departments. Infection, air embolism and thrombosis are some of the risks to patients associated with both the cannulation procedure and with the apparatus used in the blood-pressure measuring process. Although there is constant revision in an attempt to reduce these risks, they cannot be completely eliminated. The need for direct blood-pressure measurements and the physiological effects of air embolism and thrombosis are reviewed. Infection and problems related to the techniques used to insert the catheters are not discussed.     

Allergic respiratory diseases and environmental pollution: experience in the printing/paper-manufacturing industry

Several studies have shown a correlation between airborne pollutants and respiratory disorders. To determine whether professional exposure to industrial pollution might represent a risk factor for allergic respiratory diseases, we administered allergologic tests to 275 workers employed in a paper-making/printing factory and to a control population composed of 160 office workers from the same urban area. All subjects were evaluated on the basis of personal and family histories, the results of prick tests with common airborne allergens, specific serum IgE levels, pulmonary function test, and standard chest radiography. The percentage of subjects with allergies in the factory-worker group (67/275; 24.4%) was significantly higher than that observed among the office workers (20/160; 12.5%) (chi-square test: 8.17; P<0.01). Of the 67 factory workers with allergies, 94% had histories of daily exposure to aliphatic hydrocarbons. The results of this study indicate that exposure to the latter type of industrial pollutants is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases.     

单细胞凝胶电泳在遗传学损伤检测中的应用

单细胞凝胶电泳或彗星试验是在暴露人群中评价遗传学损伤的新式方法。这种分析可以快速的探测单一细胞中不同形式的DNA损伤，因此适于在暴露人群分析应用。本文将对彗星试验在临床研究及监测职业、环境、合理饮食、生活方式等对DNA损伤的危险性，以及在DNA损伤与修复研究中的应用等方面进行综述。     

Pulmonary function changes in asthmatics associated with low-level SO2 and NO2 air pollution, weather, and medicine intake

This paper presents the response in subjects with asthma to gaseous air-pollution levels, weather, and medicine intake as identified by principal-component analysis and neutral network techniques. Pulmonary function measured by respiratory peak-flow rate in nonallergic asthmatics was associated with ambient, low level, air-pollution concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, temperature, relative humidity, and medicine intake. Results from 27 nonallergic asthmatics aged 18–60 years with well-characterized bronchial asthma and regular medical treatment were analyzed from two cities. During an 8-month period, each subject kept a diary table, which included symptoms, lung function (evening peak flow), medicine intake, and tobbaco smoking.
High intake of medicine and high ambient temperatures correspondend to decreased peak flow. The changes in temperature did not occur in situations with low medicine intake. During frost periods, peak-flow values decreased independently of medicine intake and levels of so². During other times, increased levels of so² and no² increased temperature, and increased intake of medicine, and low relative humidity corresponded to synergistically to decreased peak flow at levels above 40μ/m³.     

Serum levels of total IgE in non-allergic children

The purpose of this study was to establish the range of total serum IgE in a healthy population lacking personal and family history of allergy, as well as the influence of genetic factors (family history of allergy), environmental factors (degree of air pollution), age, and sex on the serum IgE levels. Using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (Phadezym IgE Prist) the mean serum level of IgE was determined in 363 non-atopic children from 0 to 12 years of age. The geometric mean of serum IgE increased according to age, indicating a positive correlation between both. Higher mean values of serum IgE were found for children with a family history of allergy, than for children without (27.82 and 14.49 U/ml respectively). The percentage of variation due to age was about 94.5% in children with no family history of allergy. The mean value of serum IgE increased with the degree of air pollution in the living area (15.49 U/ml in non-polluted areas, 20.78 U/ml in very polluted areas). However, the influence of air pollution was smaller than the influence of family history on the mean values of serum IgE. The mean value of serum IgE was not modified by sex.     

Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits among children and adults in Casablanca,Morocco

This study presents the relationships between ambient air pollutants and morbidity and emergency department visits among children and adults performed in Great Casablanca, the most populated and economic region in Morocco. This research was analyzed using conditional Poisson model for the period 2011–2013. In the period of study, the daily average concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and PM₁₀ in Casablanca were 209.4 µg/m³, 61 µg/m³, 113.2 µg/m³ and 75.1 µg/m³, respectively. In children less than 5 years old, risk of asthma could be increased until 12% per 10 µg/m³ increase in NO₂, PM10, SO₂ and O₃. In children over 5 years and adults, an increase of 10 µg/m³ air pollutant can cause an increase until 3% and 4% in respiratory consultations and acute respiratory infection, respectively. Similarly, impact on emergency department visits due to respiratory and cardiac illness was established. Our results suggest a not negligible impact on morbidity of outdoor air pollution by NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and PM₁₀.     

生物安全实验室通风空调系统节能措施探讨

以某生物安全实验室典型核心工作间为例,阐述了其负荷情况。并结合笔者单位近两年检测的28个生物安全三级实验室项目中的98间核心工作间,分析了换气次数的分布频次与室内洁净度的关系,探讨了高等级生物安全实验室的节能措施。