Extending the Lessons of Educational Television with Young American Children

As the availability of children's educational television has increased, initiatives to expand the educational impact of programs have emerged. One such initiative is experiential mediation, a form of mediation in which the viewer physically engages with materials designed to extend the program's educational content. Limited research on the effectiveness of experiential mediation exists. A quasi-experiment was conducted with 138 American children (M = 5.32 years) to evaluate the effectiveness of such mediation with the literacy-based television program Between the Lions. Viewing plus mediation was hypothesized to provide greater support for literacy skills than no viewing or unaided viewing. Further, mediation that incorporated character-branded materials was hypothesized to be superior to mediation that relied upon generic materials. Results suggest that the benefits of experiential mediation may be tied to (1) the connection between the mediation materials and television content and (2) the complexity of the educational content.     

临床护理路径在脑梗死患者护理中的应用

目的:探讨临床护理路径在住院脑梗死患者护理中的应用效果.方法:将86例脑梗死患者按随机数字表法分为路径组和对照组各43例,路径组采取临床护理路径指导下的护理服务模式,对照组采用传统的整体护理模式.结果:路径组患者对疾病相关知识的掌握程度、出院后自护能力和护理服务满意度均高于对照组(P＜0.05);路径组住院时间和医疗费用均少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:临床护理路径指导下的护理服务模式能促进脑梗死患者疾病的康复,缩短了住院时间,节省了住院费用.     

Modeling the Impact of PrEP Programs for Adolescent Sexual Minority Males Based on Empirical Estimates for the PrEP Continuum of Care

PurposePre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)—an effective and safe intervention to prevent HIV transmission—was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use by adolescents. Informed by studies of sexual behavior and PrEP adherence, retention, and promotion, we model the potential impact of PrEP use among at-risk adolescent sexual minority males.MethodsWe simulate an HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 13–39. We assume adult MSM ages 19–39 have had PrEP available for 3 years with 20% coverage among eligible MSM based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. PrEP interventions for ages 16–18 are then simulated using adherence and retention profiles drawn from the ATN113 and Enhancing Preexposure Prophylaxis in Community studies across a range of uptake parameters (10%–100%). Partnerships across age groups were modeled using parameterizations from the RADAR study. We compare the percent of incident infections averted (impact), person-years on PrEP per infection averted (efficiency), and changes in prevalence over 10 years.ResultsAs compared to no PrEP use, baseline PrEP adherence and retention among adolescent sexual minority males drawn from the ATN113 and Enhancing Preexposure Prophylaxis in Community studies averted from 2.8% to 41.0% of HIV infections depending on the fraction of eligible adolescent sexual minority males that initiated PrEP at their annual health-care visit. Improved adherence and retention achieved with an array of focused interventions from real-world settings increased the percent of infections averted by as much as 26%–70%.ConclusionsEmpirically demonstrated improvements in the PrEP continuum of care in response to existing interventions can substantially reduce incident HIV infections among adolescent sexual minority males.     

Curcumin enhances anti-tumor immune response in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

PurposeThis study evaluated the role of anti-tumor immune response of curcumin on tongue squamous cell carcinama (TSCC).Experimental designCell lines (Cal 27, FaDu) and animal model (4NQO mice model) were uesd in this study. The MTT assay was used to detecte cell proliferation. The Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to examine the protein expression. The flow cytometry was performed to determine the number of Treg and MDSC.ResultsThe expression of PD-L1 and p-STAT3^Y705 were does-dependently inhibited in Fadu and Cal 27 cell line. The results of in vivo demonstrated that curcumin significantly attenuated tumor growth in 4NQO mice model. The expression of PD-L1 and p-STAT3^Y705 were similarly decreased in vivo. Moreover, the anti-tumor immune response was remarkably improved after curcumin treatment through increasing CD8 positive T cells and decreasing Tregs and MDSCs.ConclusionsCurcumin treatment resulted in inhibition of PD-L1 and p-STAT3^Y705 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was changed after curcumin treatment. These data suggested that curcumin could effectively promote anti-tumor immune response in TSCC.     

2011年深圳市光明新区婴儿喂养方式现状调查

目的了解光明新区婴儿喂养方式现状,比较独生子女与非独生子女之间的差异,研究两个群体有效的营养行为干预模式。方法 2011年7月1～8日在深圳市光明新区社区儿童保健门诊,对330名0～3岁散居婴幼儿的主要照顾者进行回顾性调查,调查表由医务人员填写,主要内容包括婴幼儿基本情况、喂养现状及补充食品添加情况,以及家长关于婴儿期喂养、营养知识和行为等。结果独生子女家庭年均收入与非独生子女家庭年均收入差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;独生子女母乳喂养率为35.13%,非独生子女为76.08%（P〈0.05）;断奶时间：独生子女为4.10月,非独生子女为8.08月（P〈0.05）;6个月龄时独生子女补充食品添加占29.87%,非独生子女占19.19%（P〈0.01）,两人群补充食品添加种类和频率差异均有统计学意义。结论科学合理的喂养方式取决于主要抚养人的喂养行为以及母亲的文化程度,家庭收入不是科学喂养的主要障碍,独生子女补充食物添加及喂养方式更为科学合理,分层次践行科学育儿中心-社区-家庭的干预模式。     

“一站式”预约系统的设计与研究

目前就诊排队是普遍的社会问题，为提高服务质量，减少候诊时间，设计完成“一站式”预约系统。结合不同检验检查的预约规则、预约模式，建立数学模型，对非抢占有限优先权的预约模式进行结合实际情况的比对分析。在模式设计中，利用简单工厂模式与策略模式相结合的方法，减少代码重用，使系统更加强壮。同时利用数学模型，通过系统给用户一系列的理论值，使用户感受更加直观。理论值与实际情况相比较，进行误差分析，结合门诊预约等多种模式，做到“一站式”预约，即有排队等待的地方就有预约。     

Adequate sample size for developing prediction models is not simply related to events per variable

ObjectivesThe choice of an adequate sample size for a Cox regression analysis is generally based on the rule of thumb derived from simulation studies of a minimum of 10 events per variable (EPV). One simulation study suggested scenarios in which the 10 EPV rule can be relaxed. The effect of a range of binary predictors with varying prevalence, reflecting clinical practice, has not yet been fully investigated.Study Design and SettingWe conducted an extended resampling study using a large general-practice data set, comprising over 2 million anonymized patient records, to examine the EPV requirements for prediction models with low-prevalence binary predictors developed using Cox regression. The performance of the models was then evaluated using an independent external validation data set. We investigated both fully specified models and models derived using variable selection.ResultsOur results indicated that an EPV rule of thumb should be data driven and that EPV ≥ 20 ​ generally eliminates bias in regression coefficients when many low-prevalence predictors are included in a Cox model.ConclusionHigher EPV is needed when low-prevalence predictors are present in a model to eliminate bias in regression coefficients and improve predictive accuracy.     

17‐year outcome of preterm infants with diverse neonatal morbidities: Part 1—Impact on physical,neurological, and psychological health status

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine physical, neurological, and psychological health in a U.S. sample of 180 infants at age 17. Design and Methods. The World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model framed the health‐related domains and contextual factors. Assessments included growth, chronic conditions, neurological status, and psychological health. Results. Physical health, growth, and neurological outcomes were poorer in the preterm groups. Minor neurological impairment was related to integrative function. Preterm survivors reported higher rates of depression, anxiety, and inattention/hyperactivity. Practice Implications. Complex health challenges confront preterm survivors at late adolescence, suggesting the necessity of continued health surveillance.