白纹伊蚊贵州麻尾株垂直传播登革病毒实验研究

目的：研究白纹伊蚊贵州麻尾株对2型登革病毒(DEN—2)的经卵传递能力。方法：用DEN-2 NGC株感染白纹伊蚊贵州麻尾株，收集亲代及子1、2、3代蚊虫标本，提取亲代及子代蚊体内病毒总RNA，通过RT—PCR扩增蚊体内DEN—2病毒核酸，并用限制性核酸内切酶Hinf Ⅰ酶切鉴定。结果：感染白纹伊蚊贵州麻尾株后，子1～3代蚊体内均可检测出病毒核酸。结论：DEN-2能通过白纹伊蚊贵州麻尾株垂直传播，至少可以传3代。     

广西生物控制埃及伊蚊研究

广西清除埃及伊蚊结果表明,水缸养鱼对缸中的幼虫有很好的防制效果。在防制初期,养鱼覆盖率与布雷图指数呈负相关(P<0.01)。由于发生区家庭经济及自来水供应逐步改善,使积水容器的结构发生了变化。合浦县沙田镇1981年平均每户有非饮用积水容器0.26只,占室内积水容器的12.94%;至1990年,平均每户有非饮用积水容器0.77只,占室内积水容器的比例上升到30.32%。同时,由于防制工作的加强,群众管理饮用水缸的自觉性不断提高,室内非饮用容器中的阳性容器占总阳性容器的比例由1981年的3.94%上升到1988年的86.96%。这些非饮用容器大多不能养鱼,只能靠人工或其他方法加以清除。1986年,广西重新实施清除埃及伊蚊规划后,把重点放在清理孳生地上,结合水缸养鱼、卫生宣传教育等综合措施,坚持科学管理和严格的检查落实制度,布氏指数稳定下降,至1990年12月底止,经多次调查考核,均查不到埃及伊蚊,实现了全自治区清除埃及伊蚊的目标。     

Zika virus: what we need to know?

Zika virus is one of the emerging viruses and is of significant threat to human health globally. It is a mosquito borne flavivirus similar to dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. It was reported about 5 decades ago and then it spreads to different parts of the world. Large outbreaks were reported on Yap Islands in 2007. Now it has gained wide attention globally by health communities. Major vector for virus transmission is Aedes aegypti mosquito. ZIKV infection is mostly asymptomatic but it is also responsible to cause mild influenza like illness to serious manifestations. There is no specific anti‐viral treatment is available for ZIKV infection. The virus disseminates very fast due to which it possesses a serious threat especially in those areas where there is lack of specific immunity against virus. Little knowledge is available on its transmission and pathogenicity. Although virus was discovered years ago but its genomic structure is not clearly understood yet. In this review we focus on the current knowledge of epidemiology of ZIKV, its transmission, its structural biology, different aspects of diagnosis and diagnostic challenges as well as highlighted appropriates antiviral drugs and vaccines regarding treatment.     

2017年1-2月我国南方重点省份媒介伊蚊监测研究

目的 分析2017年1-2月我国南方重点省份媒介伊蚊监测资料,为以登革热为代表的媒介伊蚊传播疾病防控提供参考依据。方法 依据我国登革热中转支付项目媒介伊蚊监测系统上报的媒介伊蚊监测数据,分析研究期内南方重点省份媒介伊蚊的幼蚊密度（布雷图指数,BI）,筛选不同省份登革热传播不同风险等级的市或县（区）,并计算出不同省份媒介伊蚊控制水平达标率。结果 截至2017年2月,我国海南省平均BI达到登革热传播中风险;云南省景洪市、勐腊县城区、澜沧县口岸、耿马县清水河口岸、景洪告庄口岸BI超过5,存在由输入登革热病例引起暴发的风险。2017年云南省平均BI高于2016年同期水平,而海南省平均BI低于2016年同期水平。我国云南省BI控制达标率超过90%,而海南BI控制水平达标率不超过20%。结论 2017年1-2月,我国海南省平均BI达到登革热传播中风险,云南省重点地区城区和部分口岸BI达到低度风险。建议以海南、云南为代表的南方重点省份应继续加强媒介伊蚊监测、风险评估和控制工作,为我国媒介伊蚊传播疾病的科学防控提供依据。     

A case of dengue‐related osteonecrosis of the maxillary dentoalveolar bone

Dengue is a mosquito transmitted flaviviral infection which can give rise to severe haemorrhage (dengue haemorrhagic fever) and with capillary leakage induces hypovolaemic shock (dengue shock syndrome). Although dengue symptoms and complications have been known for many decades, there has only been one documented case of osteonecrosis of the maxilla which was treated by excision of the necrotic bone. In this case of dengue infection, extensive maxillary osteonecrosis and minimal root resorption appeared to follow factitious injury with a toothpick but resolved with non‐surgical management.     

Introduction of Aedes albopictus in Gabon: what consequences for dengue and chikungunya transmission?

The 2007 outbreak of chikungunya in Gabon has indicated the potential of this disease to spread beyond its usual range ensuing from the expansion of the mosquito Aedes albopictus . A few cases of dengue (DEN) infection were also detected. Because little is known about the potential for Gabonese mosquito species to transmit both chikungunya and DEN viruses (DENV), we conducted studies to determine the susceptibility of Ae. albopictus and Aedes aegypti collected in Libreville to both viruses by experimental infections. Disseminated infection rates were high for Ae. albopictus infected with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (66.7–86%) and low with DENV (13–21.4%). Moreover, Ae. aegypti sp. formosus was a less efficient vector of CHIKV than Ae. albopictus . The recent introduction and dissemination of chikungunya associated with the invasion of Ae. albopictus in Africa illustrates the potential for CHIKV to spread to other parts of the world.     

羟哌酯的合成及其防蚊效果研究

目的合成羟哌酯并测定其药效。方法2-羟乙基哌啶和氯甲酸仲丁酯反应制备羟哌酯,按照GB／T13917．9—2009方法对其进行实验室和现场药效测试。结果2-羟乙基哌啶和氯甲酸仲丁酯反应制备羟哌酯,摩尔收率为82％;实验室药效测试20％羟哌酯0．240mg／cm。剂量,对白纹伊蚊有效保护时间为11h,现场应用对蚊虫有效保护时间为9h。结论羟哌酯化学性质稳定,驱蚊效果好,使用安全,生产成本低,作为防蚊驱避剂具有很好的应用前景。     

奋斗呐对白纹伊蚊血淋巴元素与氨基酸含量的影响

目的 :对奋斗呐灭蚊作用机理进行探讨。方法 :以 3种不同浓度 ( 2 .79,1.39与 0 .70μmol/ L )奋斗呐 (顺式氯氰菊酯 )处理白纹伊蚊 4龄幼虫 ,并收集初羽化雌蚊血淋巴 ,分别检测奋斗呐组和对照组的蚊血淋巴元素和氨基酸含量。结果 :比较 3种不同浓度用药组与对照组 ( 0 .2 %丙酮 )蚊血淋巴中 11种元素的含量。表明 2 .79μmol/ L浓度用药组与对照组相比 ,除锌、铬、钙外 ,其他 8种元素含量均显著增高 ;而 1.39μmol/ L和 0 .70μmol/ L组与对照组相比 ,铁、锰等 6- 7种元素含量较对照组高。比较 1.39μmol/ L和 0 .70 μmol/ L奋斗呐组与对照组 (去氯水 )蚊血淋巴中 15种氨基酸含量 ,2个用药组中的 12种氨基酸含量均降低。结论 :奋斗呐对白纹伊蚊成蚊血淋巴中的元素和氨基酸的含量均有一定影响。     

Laboratory and field evaluation of Teknar HP-D, a biolarvicidal formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis, against mosquito vectors

Larvicidal efficacy of Teknar HP-D, an improved biolarvicidal formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (Bti), against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti was determined in the laboratory, and in field the efficacy of the formulation was tested against Cx. quinquefasciatus breeding in cesspits, unused wells and drains. The toxicity of the formulation to Gambusia affinis (larvivorous fish), Notonecta sp. and Diplonychus indicus (water bugs) was also evaluated in the laboratory. Teknar HP-D was field tested at three recommended dosages, 1, 1.5 and 2l/ha, selecting five habitats for each dosage. Another five habitats were kept untreated as controls. Ae. aegypti showed greatest susceptibility to the Bti toxin in the laboratory. In cesspits, all the three dosages caused >80% reduction of pupal recruitment up to day 6 post-treatment, indicating that a weekly application at the lowest would be necessary for sustained control. The residual activity of the formulation was longer in unused wells, causing >80% reduction of pupal recruitment for 17 days from the day of treatment. In controlling pupal recruitment the three dosages produced equal effect. Application of Teknar HP-D at 1 l/ha once in three weeks is therefore recommended to control Cx. quinquefasciatus in unused wells. However, in drains, >80% reduction of pupal recruitment was observed for only 3 days and hence, application of Teknar HP-D at 2 l/ha that caused significantly higher level of reduction twice in a week at 3-day interval is necessary. At dosages from 0.032 to 3.2 mg/l (ppm), Teknar HP-D was non-toxic to Gambusia fish. The two predatory water bugs, Notonecta sp. and Diplonychus indicus that fed on the surviving larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to the sub-lethal doses (LC(50) and LC(80)) of Teknar HP-D were safe with out having any mortality.