Effect of bioactive fractions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrullus vulgaris</Emphasis> Schrad. leaf extract against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anopheles stephensi</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aedes aegypti</Emphasis>

The benzene extract of Citrullus vulgaris was tested against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti for the larvicidal activity and ovicidal properties. The crude benzene extract was found to be more effective against A. stephensi than A. aegypti. The LC₅₀ values were 18.56 and 42.76 ppm respectively. The LC₅₀ values for silica gel fractions (bioactive fractions I, II, III and IV) were 11.32, 14.12, 14.53 and 16.02 ppm respectively. The mean per cent hatchability of the egg rafts were observed after 48 h post treatment. The crude extract of benzene exerted 100% mortality at 250 ppm against A. stephensi and at 300 ppm against A. aegypti. The silica gel fractions I and II afforded 100% mortality at 100 ppm and III and IV exerted the hatchability rate of 4.9 and 5.3% at the same concentration against A. stephensi.     

溴氰菊酯对白纹伊蚊C6／36细胞株的杀伤作用及对其形态影响的研究

本文采用ＭＴＴ微量酶反应比色法，研究了溴氰菊酯对白纹伊蚊Ｃ６／３６细胞的杀伤作用、形态影响以及受损细胞的恢复。结果发现用溴氰菊酯处理２４ｈ后，对Ｃ６／３６细胞的半数毒性浓度（ＩＣ５０）为７４８８μｇ／ｍｌ，且毒性作用强度随着药物浓度增加而增强。溴氰菊酯浓度在２０μｇ／ｍｌ以上时可以诱发Ｃ６／３６细胞形态学改变，表现为细胞呈多形性、细胞间有间隙、胞质内充满颗粒，以后随药物浓度的升高，胞质出现空泡、染色质凝成粗大颗粒或无结构大块、大片细胞脱落、崩解、死亡。高浓度溴氰菊酯（１６０μｇ／ｍｌ）作用于Ｃ６／３６细胞，其受损细胞的恢复与作用时间有关，作用２４ｈ的细胞，在经历一段生长停滞后，可缓慢恢复，而作用４８ｈ的细胞，则不可逆转的死亡     

贵州白纹伊蚊对登革病毒易感性的研究

目的 用细胞、分子生物学技术进行贵州省白纹伊蚊不同地理株对登革病毒(DEN)易感性的研究。方法 采集贵州省9个地(州)市共计15个县(区)白纹伊蚊幼虫标本，饲养为成蚊；取羽化后3～5日龄期的贵州不同地理株白纹伊蚊，用不同型别的DEN分别经口连续感染3d，于首次感染后的4、7、10、14d收集感染成蚊标本；制备蚊悬液，碘化钠法提取RNA，用DENNS1基因区通用引物经逆转录．聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测DEN核酸；蚊悬液接种C6／36细胞进行病毒分离，制作细胞抗原片，经间接免疫荧光法检测DEN抗原；同时感染白纹伊蚊海南株作为对照。结果 DEN1-4型国际参考株感染白纹伊蚊贵州省不同地方株，其感染比率分别为12／15、12／15、8／15和13／15。结论 白纹伊蚊贵州省不同地方株对DEN1-4型国际参考株普遍易感，表明贵州省具备引起登革热流行的条件。     

广州地区白纹伊蚊体内登革病毒的检测

目的了解广州地区登革热传播媒介白纹伊蚊携带登革病毒的情况，为登革热预防控制提供预测预警信息。方法从广州11个行政区及其登革热旧疫点捕获白纹伊蚊成蚊和幼虫（经实验室培育羽化成成蚊），提取登革病毒RNA，One step SYBR Green I实时RT-PCR进行检测。结果2005—2007年从广州地区采集的493批白纹伊蚊（6255只）中，共检测出两份阳性结果，分别来自登革热疫点和旧疫点，经测序证实为登革I型．其余为阴性。最低感染率为0．32。结论本文白纹伊蚊携带登革病毒比率较低，可能与登革病毒在蚊体内传代的递减效应、采样时间滞后以及广州登革热非连续性爆发有关。     

联合PCR技术克隆白纹伊蚊漆酶型酚氧化酶基因及其生物信息学分析

目的测定白纹伊蚊漆酶型酚氧化酶的基因的全长序列并用生物信息学方法分析其结构和功能。方法从白纹伊蚊卵、幼虫、蛹、雌蚊、雄蚊中提取总RNA,逆转录后以总cDNA为模板,设计简并引物进行巢式PCR,扩增部分序列后设计新的特异性引物补全5’端序列,使用3’-RACE法补全3’端序列,拼接全长后进一步进行生物信息学分析。结果通过巢式PCR扩增出1145bp的核苷酸序列,测序后设计5’端序列的下游引物,扩增出约900bp的核苷酸序列,设计3’端的上游引物,配合3’RACE试剂盒扩增出约600bp的核苷酸序列,寻找重复序列将三段序列进行拼接,得到国内外从未获得的长2244bp、编码747个氨基酸序列的白纹伊蚊漆酶型酚氧化酶基因的全长序列。生物信息学分析其与白纹伊蚊的相似性最高,为含信号肽的跨膜蛋白,含3个Cu氧化酶超家族位点,属于蓝色多铜氧化酶家族。结论联合PCR技术的应用使较长长度的基因序列的扩增更为方便、准确。为进一步对其进行功能的研究奠定了基础。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌杀蚊新菌株LLP29对白纹伊蚊作用机理的研究

从武夷山自然保护区白玉兰叶片上分离获得1株新的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株LLP29,内含cyt1Aa6杀蚊基因。纯化的Cyt1Aa6毒素蛋白对白纹伊蚊幼虫和C6/36细胞都有高效活性。为更好地利用该菌株对白纹伊蚊进行生物防治,本试验以白纹伊蚊敏感品系及C6/36细胞为研究对象初步研究了其作用机理。免疫荧光染色和免疫组织化学实验结果表明:Cyt1Aa6毒素蛋白主要结合于C6/36细胞膜和白纹伊蚊幼虫中肠上。     

La reconstruction des enveloppes psychiques et environnementales dans les dessins d’enfants des rues en Haïti : une étude post-séisme

Objectives

The objective of this paper is to show how children and adolescents, living in the street in Haïti after the 2010 earthquake, use the street as a space to rebuild their identity. Using drawings of children and adolescents encountered in the context of research on resilience and the creative process among child and adolescent victims of the earthquake (ANR-10-HAIT-002 RECREAHVI), we explored the difficulties, the trauma and the creative expression of these children in the aftermath of the earthquake. These young people found themselves in a particularly vulnerable situation, whether socially, psychologically, or in terms of their safety. Their environmental envelopes were uncertain, fluctuating or damaged, so that the psychic envelopes of these street children was also put to the test. This article concerns the analysis of the drawings of street children and adolescents. We focus on the characteristics of the graphic envelopes to understand how these young street-dwellers symbolize the damage to their environmental and psychic envelopes, and how they express their needs for reconstruction.

Traumatismes et résiliences chez les enfants de 3 à 6 ans dans trois quartiers de Port-au-Prince après le séisme de 2010 en Haïti

The paper describes an action research for indicative assessment of psychological problems of young children following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and the interest of using the Creole version of the questionnaire PSYCa 3-6. The survey took place in Port-au-Prince, and the evaluators were trained to a proper standardized administration of the questionnaire.

Homing endonucleases catalyze double-stranded DNA breaks and somatic transgene excision in Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of arthropod-borne viruses such as yellow fever virus and dengue viruses. Efforts to discern the function of genes involved in important behaviours, such as vector competence and host seeking through reverse genetics, would greatly benefit from the ability to generate targeted gene disruptions. Homing endonucleases are selfish elements which catalyze double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks in a sequence-specific manner. In this report we demonstrate that the homing endonucleases I- Ppo I, I- Sce I, I- Cre I and I- Ani I are all able to induce dsDNA breaks in adult female Ae. aegypti chromosomes as well as catalyze the somatic excision of a transgene. These experiments provide evidence that homing endonucleases can be used to manipulate the genome of this important disease vector.