药品行政处罚中自由裁量权的运用及其内部控制

通过阐述自由裁量权的形成及在药品行政处罚中的表现,进一步探讨药品行政管理机关如何加强对自由裁量权的内部控制,减少因"恣意裁量"而导致的行政复议和行政诉讼的发生.     

慢性胃炎的中西医结合治疗

目的 慢性胃炎的中西药应对策略性研究.方法 采取随机分为治疗组50例、对照组45例,分别用不同的给药方法 观察其治疗效果.结果 治疗组总有效率为88%,对照组总有效率为59.9%.两组经统计学处理有显著性差异(P＞0.01).结论 改变给药方法 ,采取中西药结合治疗慢性胃炎症状改善较单纯西药更明显,疗效更巩固.     

阿托品滴眼液不同浓度与给药频率对儿童近视患者瞳孔直径、调节幅度及泪膜功能的影响

通讯作者:易姝,女,(1980年—),医学硕士,副主任医师。     

2011年度我院药物不良反应情况分析

目的分析该院药物不良反应发生的特点及规律,促进药物合理使用。方法对该院2011年度不良反应发生报告进行回顾性分析,对患者年龄、性别、引起不良反应药物的种类、给药途径、涉及器官及系统、临床表现进行分类分析。结果不良反应性别差异不明显,以老年人发生率较高,主要以抗感染药物及中药注射剂为多,给药途径以静脉给药发生率较高,涉及器官及系统主要为皮肤及附件、神经系统及生殖系统。结论应根据不良反应发生的规律及特点严格合理地控制药物的临床使用,避免不良反应的发生。     

For Everything There Is a Season

Describes the “seasons” of professional life and conscious decision-making regarding role changes.     

Commentary on Measuring Disability

This is a commentary on 5 articles in this issue of Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation that report on several related studies of new approaches to measuring disability. The project was grounded in theory, beginning with the development of a conceptual framework enhanced by a literature review and expert consultation within and outside of the Social Security Administration. The investigators then used item response theory to develop test items, which they organized into computer adaptive testing instruments and tested them for their psychometric properties. All in all, it is a groundbreaking set of studies and an enormously valuable contribution to the field. Hopefully it will also be tested as an alternative approach to assessing disability in the Social Security Administration disability benefits programs.     

某院药物不良反应报告分析

目的分析药物不良反应的发生特点、处理方法、临床表现和治疗,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法抽取笔者所在医院2010年度药物不良反应报告128份,借助统计学方法进行归纳和分析。结果药物不良反应涉及药品86种,其中抗感染药物30种,占药品总数34．9％,占病例总数的44．5％;中药制剂8种,占药物品种数9．3％,占病例总数的6．3％;给药途径以静脉滴注为主,占75％;常见不良反应为皮肤及其附件损伤;严重药物不良反应占6％。结论药物不良反应发生与多种因素有关,老年患者更易发生药物不良反应;加强药物不良反应监测工作有助于减少药物不良反应发生。     

氯胺酮雾化吸入对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响

目的 观察氯胺酮雾化吸入对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响及其机制。方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分成对照组(N组)、哮喘模型组(A组)和不同浓度氯胺酮预处理组(K1组、K2组和K3组),每组8只。A组用卵蛋白(OA)辅以百日咳杆菌菌苗和氢氧化铝为佐剂注射致敏,两周后雾化吸入OA激发。K1、K2、K3组大鼠以同样方法致敏,但在激发前分别雾化吸入氯胺酮12.5、25、50mg／ml。N组注射和吸入生理盐水。取血分离淋巴细胞,检测胞浆和胞膜内蛋白激酶C(PKC)的活性,并作肺组织病理学检查。结果 A组肺组织切片显示为急性气道炎症性病理改变。K1组气道壁上皮细胞脱落、结构破坏、炎性细胞浸润等改变多见。K2组支气管壁、肺泡间隔仅见少量的炎症细胞。K3组气道黏膜上皮水肿脱落、黏膜下炎症细胞浸润等程度减轻。与N组比较,A、K1、K3组淋巴细胞PKC总活性(PKCT)、胞浆PKC活性(PKCC)、胞膜PKC活性(PKCM)及PKCM％(PKCM占PKCT的百分比)均增高(P<0.01),K2组PKCT、PKCC、PKCM增高(P<0.01)、PKCM％差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与A组比较,K2、K3组PKCT、PKCC、PKCM及PKCM％均减低(P<0.05或0.01),K1组PKCT、PKCC、PKCM均降低(P<0.01)、PKCM％差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 雾化吸入氯胺酮25 mg／ml或50 mg/ml通过PKC途径而发挥抗炎效应,对致敏原所激发的气     

Failure of the urinalysis and quantitative urine culture in diagnosing symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients with long-term urinary catheters

Since urine culture and urinalysis are both of uncertain reliability in diagnosing symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients with chronic urinary catheters, we performed sequential quantitative cultures and urinalyses on 177 urine specimens from 14 patients with long-term urinary catheters during a 12-month period. We found high concentrations of greater than or equal to 2 species of aerobic bacteria or fungi in most specimens examined. Pyuria was common even during asymptomatic periods; hematuria was less common. During symptomatic urinary tract infections, neither urinalyses nor quantitative urine cultures exhibited changes specific for such infections. Thus neither urinalysis nor urine culture appears to be a reliable test for symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients with chronic urinary catheters.