联合远端蒂的下肢内侧复合皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨联合远端蒂的下肢内侧复合皮瓣在足部套状撕脱伤创面修复中的应用价值。方法应用膝内侧皮瓣游离移植联合隐神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣转移修复足部皮肤套状撕脱伤6例。皮瓣切取面积最大为12cm×45cm,最小为8cm×30cm。结果5例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经换药及游离植皮后愈合。术后随访5～24个月,皮瓣外形满意,血供良好,均恢复保护性感觉,患足能负重行走,按足部疾患治疗结果评分标准评定,平均70分。结论联合远端蒂的下肢内侧复合皮瓣血供良好,皮瓣切取面积大．可恢复感觉功能,适合修复足部皮肤套状撕脱伤。     

拇趾毁损伤的再造

目的介绍逆行足内、外侧双岛状瓦合皮瓣加髂骨植骨再造足拇趾外伤性缺损的临床经验。方法对拇趾及踌、第2趾毁损且跖趾关节完好者,采用以足背动脉跖底深支为蒂,以内踩前或跗内侧血管、外踝前或跗外侧血管为分支的足内、外侧分叶皮瓣瓦合加髂骨植骨再造足拇趾。结果术后皮瓣顺利成活,经6～18个月随访,再造足拇趾外形满意,皮瓣两点辨别觉6-8mm,X线示髂骨与残端趾骨骨性愈合,髂骨未见吸收征象．拇趾跖趾关节背伸达40°,屈曲达30°。结论采用逆行足内、外侧分叶瓦合皮瓣加髂骨植骨再造拇趾是一种简单有效的方法。     

椎体成形术后残留腰背痛与腰背筋膜损伤的相关性研究

背景:椎体成形术可有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛,但是部分患者术后短期内仍残留轻度至中度疼痛。而这种残留的腰背痛可能与腰背筋膜损伤相关。目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折行椎体成形术后腰背痛缓解和腰背筋膜损伤的关系。方法:2010年2月至2012年3月收治骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者133例,行椎体成形术治疗,术前通过MR检查确定责任椎,并观察腰背筋膜损伤情况。术前术后通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估患者的疼痛程度。结果:腰背筋膜损伤组患者VAS、ODI术前为9.11±0.76、73.93%±1.46%,术后为2.70±0.83、29.34%±2.69%;无腰背筋膜损伤组患者VAS、ODI术前为9.26±0.82、73.96%±1.38%,术后为1.23±0.87、22.27%±1.25%。腰背筋膜损伤组患者术后残留的疼痛较无腰背筋膜损伤组患者更为严重;两者的差异具有统计学意义。结论:骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行椎体成形术后残留腰背部疼痛与腰背筋膜损伤具有相关性。     

外伤性颈髓损伤患者早期并发症与损伤程度的相关性

目的:调查不同程度颈脊髓损伤(CSCI)患者早期并发症的发生情况,探讨颈髓损伤严重程度与并发症发生的相关性。方法:2005年1月~2009年5月我院收治CSCI早期患者325例,除外20例因各种原因住院时间<7d的患者,共有305例患者入选。男249例,女56例;年龄14～83岁,平均45岁;伤后距来院就诊时间0.5h～20d,住院时间7～45d,平均为23d。高处坠落伤111例,车祸伤85例,摔伤75例,重物砸伤15例,原因不明损伤19例。按ASIA分级:A级132例,B级26例,C级89例,D级58例。按损伤程度将患者分为A(A级)、B(B级)、C(C级)、D(D级)4组,对4组患者早期并发症发生情况进行统计和分析。结果:305例患者共发生13种并发症,其中便秘229例次(75.08%),心率减慢144例次(47.21%),低钠血症137例次(44.92%),高热124例次(40.46%),呼吸功能障碍104例次(34.10%),血压下降94例次(30.82%),低蛋白血症83例次(27.21%),贫血72例次(23.61%),消化功能障碍70例次(22.95%),低钾血症45例次(14.75%),压疮38例次(12.46%),泌尿系感染28例次(9.18%),下肢深静脉血栓9例次(2.95%)。便秘、下肢深静脉血栓的发生率4组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),其余并发症的发生率4组间均有显著性差异(P<0.05);除便秘、压疮、泌尿系感染、下肢深静脉血栓外,并发症发生率均为A组>B组>C组>D组,且A、B组明显高于C、D组。结论:颈脊髓损伤患者早期并发症较多;除便秘、压疮、泌尿系感染、下肢深静脉血栓外,其余并发症的发生率随着损伤程度加重而增高,A-SIA分级A、B级患者的发生率明显高于C、D级患者。     

MEK抑制剂对脊髓损伤后胶质瘢痕形成的影响

目的:观察MEK(mitogen-activated ERK-regulating kinase,丝裂原活化的细胞外信号调节激酶之调节激酶)抑制剂对脊髓损伤后胶质瘢痕形成的影响,并探讨胶质瘢痕形成的机制。方法:36只SD大鼠随机分为3组。Ⅰ组为假手术组,只打开椎板,不打击脊髓;Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组分别为脊髓损伤组及脊髓损伤后干预组,均造成T12脊髓损伤,Ⅲ组每天给予腹腔注射MEK抑制剂(U0126)共9d,其余组给予腹腔注射等量的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。在术后当天、1d、3d、5d、7d、14d、21d、28d时对每组大鼠行BBB评分;术前及术后当天、14d及28d时对大鼠行体感诱发电位检测;术后14d及28d时分别处死大鼠,灌注固定,取原打击处脊髓标本行HE染色、神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及波形蛋白(Vim)免疫组化染色并光镜下进行观察,计算阳性细胞数。结果:Ⅰ组各时间点BBB评分及其他指标均无明显变化。脊髓损伤后,Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组大鼠双后肢运动功能均表现出不同程度的恢复,术后28d时Ⅱ组BBB评分为12.00±1.70分,Ⅲ组为16.5±1.08分,Ⅲ组恢复速度较Ⅱ组更快(P<0.05)。脊髓损伤后,大鼠双后肢感觉诱发电位潜伏期明显延长,波幅明显降低;术后观察,Ⅲ组潜伏期及波幅恢复较Ⅱ组明显增快(P<0.05),Ⅲ组在28d时可达到潜伏期16.86±0.55ms、波幅4.19±0.11μV。脊髓损伤后,HE染色可看到胶质细胞明显增多,胶质瘢痕形成,28d时Ⅲ组较Ⅱ组瘢痕范围小;损伤后星形胶质细胞明显活化增殖,GFAP及Vim的镜下表达数量明显增多。Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组损伤后14d时GFAP的表达分别为143.56±1.09和133.56±3.31,Vim的表达分别为93.82±4.48和89.32±6.50;28d时两组的GFAP表达分别为110.68±9.41和102.44±6.93,Vim的表达分别为72.96±4.16和66.44±4.46,干预后明显下调了GFAP及Vim的表达(P<0.05)。结论:MEK抑制剂能通过抑制星形胶质细胞的增殖,下调GFAP及Vim的表达,减少胶质瘢痕形成;同时可促进脊髓损伤后大鼠双后肢行为学及神经功能的恢复。     

中性粒细胞与心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

背景 现已明确,炎症过程是心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,I/RI)最重要的致病因素之一,而中性粒细胞是炎症反应的核心介导者.针对中性粒细胞的这种致病作用,部分研究者提出了抗中性粒细胞治疗,但是治疗效果却不尽相同,甚至大相径庭.更有研究者指出,中性粒细胞在心肌I/RI中尚发挥着一定的有益作用.针对这种现状,我们在此将中性粒细胞与心肌I/RI作一综述. 目的 评价中性粒细胞在心肌I/RI致病机制中的作用,探索抗中性粒细胞治疗的方向.内容 包括中性粒细胞对心肌I/RI的致病作用,抗中性粒细胞治疗的现状及其当前存在矛盾之处. 趋向 通过全面理解中性粒细胞在心肌I/RI中的作用,为今后进行适度的抗中性粒细胞治疗提供参考,并为今后发展多靶向联合措施治疗心肌I/RI提供思路.     

关节镜下微骨折技术治疗距骨骨软骨损伤60例疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜下微骨折技术治疗距骨骨软骨损伤的疗效。方法采用关节镜下微骨折技术治疗距骨骨软骨损伤60例,观察踝关节功能评分及疼痛评分变化。结果 60例患者术后踝关节功能评分较术前平均提高20.1分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后疼痛评分较术前平均降低5.1分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下微骨折技术治疗距骨骨软骨损伤,具有显著的临床疗效,值得推广应用。     

不同降温方式对脑外伤后伤灶区c-fos mRNA和神经生长因子表达的影响

目的 通过对大鼠重型脑挫裂伤后体温的干预,观察不同降温方式对脑外伤后伤灶区c-fos mRNA和神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)表达的影响,了解其表达强度是否与伤后不同降温方式对脑损伤的保护机制有关. 方法 健康成年SD大鼠336只,随机分为四组(每组84只),除假手术组外各组动物均按自由落体法造成重度脑挫裂伤;每组又按处死时间分为七个亚组(每亚组12只),分别检测c-fos mRNA(6只)与NGF(6只)的表达. 结果 ①伤后4h、8h、12 h与24h,全身亚低温组与局部亚低温组c-fos mRNA表达明显高于TBI组(P＜0.01),其他各时点无差异;TBI组在伤后4h、8h、12 h、24h与3d,c-fos mRNA表达均明显高于假手术组(P＜0.01).②伤后4h、8h,全身亚低温组与局部亚低温组NGF表达与TBI组无明显差异(P＞0.05);而在伤后12 h、24h、3d、5d与7d,两亚低温组NGF表达明显高于TBI组((P＜0.05或P＜0.01).③全身亚低温组与局部亚低温组在伤后各时间点c-fos mRNA和NGF表达无显著性差异(P＞0.05). 结论 脑外伤后亚低温可促进c-fos mRNA和NGF表达上调,全身亚低温与局部亚低温两种不同降温方式无明显差异.     

Comparative study of awake endotracheal intubation with Glidescope video laryngoscope versus flexible fiber optic bronchoscope in patients with traumatic cervical spine injury

BackgroundThe Gldiescope video laryngoscope (GVL) as a recent intubating device has gained much popularity in difficult intubation over the last decade. It can be used as a substitute to flexible fiber optic bronchoscope (FOB) in intubating challenges. The object of this study is to compare the utility of GVL and FOB for intubating time, attempts, effects on hemodynamics, adverse effects, patient satisfaction and post intubation neurological outcome during awake intubation in traumatic cervical spine injury.MethodsFifty patients undergoing post traumatic cervical spine fixation under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups in a prospective, controlled non-blinded study. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg iv and midazolam 1 mg iv that be repeated up to 0.05 mg/kg followed with a bolus dose of remifentanil 1.5 μg/kg then a continuous remifentanil infusion of 0.15 μg/kg/min for 3 min before procedure. Each patient underwent a wake endotracheal intubation with either GVL (G group) or FOB (F group) with manual in line stabilization (MILS). Intubating time, intubating attempts, hear rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen desaturation (SO₂ < 90%), sore throat, patient satisfaction and postintubation neurological outcome were recorded.ResultsIntubating time was significantly lower in G group compared with F group (26 ± 5 versus 72 ± 11 respectively), while the percentage of the first successful intubating attempt was insignificantly higher in G group (88%) than in F group (72%). Both HR and MAP were significantly increased only in F group during intubation in comparison with the basal line values. Both devices were safe for post neurological outcome. No significant differences of adverse effects or patient satisfaction were recorded between groups.ConclusionThe GVL is a safe surrogate for FOB during awake intubation for post traumatic cervical spine fixation.     

Racial Disparities in Depression and Life Satisfaction After Spinal Cord Injury: A Mediational Model

Purpose:

To identify the relationship of race and gender with 3 aspects of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury (SCI), evaluating the extent to which socioeconomic factors mediate any observed relationships.

Methods:

Adults with traumatic SCI of at least 1-year duration (N = 1,549) were identified through a Southeastern United States SCI Model System of care, and cross-sectional survey data were collected at a Southeastern United States medical university. Three aspects of life satisfaction (home life satisfaction, vocational satisfaction, global satisfaction) were measured using 20 satisfaction items from the Life Situation Questionnaire-Revised. The Older Adult Health and Mood Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms. MANCOVA assessed mediation of socioeconomic status between race and life satisfaction and depression.

Results:

Home life satisfaction and vocational satisfaction were significantly related to race, with White participants scoring higher than Black participants during the first stage of the regression. However, socioeconomic factors mediated the relationships such that race was no longer significant after considering economic factors. Race was significantly associated with global satisfaction after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Depression was not significantly related to race. Gender was unrelated to all study outcomes. Of the socioeconomic mediators, family income was a significant predictor of each outcome, whereas education was only predictive of vocational satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Socioeconomic factors are important mediators of the relationship between race and certain aspects of life satisfaction among persons with SCI. Family income and, to a lesser extent, education should be considered when evaluating race differences in life satisfaction after SCI.