A short-term estrogen test was used to obtain a correct cytologic diagnosis in 73 patients with an equivocal atrophic cellular pattern. Overestimation in cytodiagnosis was markedly eliminated, and the correct cytologic diagnosis was made in 81% of the cell samples after the estrogen test. The purpose of this study was not only to confirm the usefulness of the short-term estrogen test, but also to observe the cytomorphologic changes before and after the test. Thick cytoplasm, vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and a distinct cell border increased, while the amorphous chromatin pattern was eliminated after the estrogen test. Maturation of atypical cells in cases of dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous-cell carcinoma was investigated before and after the estrogen test. Although malignant cells were not influenced by estrogen, maturation of dysplastic cells was induced after the test. 相似文献
PROBLEM: Human GRO-alpha (GRO-α) is a new member of the chemokine family that is supposed to play an important role in inflammatory and immune reactions. We established a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) system with polyclonal antibodies against human GRO-α and investigated the serum level of healthy donors to establish normal ranges for this chemokine in adults. METHODS: GRO-α concentrations were measured cross-sectionally in the sera of 240 healthy adults. The variability of serum GRO-α levels was also measured in normal volunteers, samples from whom were obtained by sequential venipunctures or by a small plastic cannula with a heparin-saline lock, to determine short-term variability. RESULTS: Whereas there was no difference between the concentration of human GRO-α from men (logarithmic mean, 77.6 pg/ml, n = 120) and that from women with normal menstrual cycles (log mean, 71.6 pg/ml, n = 73), the concentration from postmenopausal women (log mean 45.0 pg/ml, n = 31) was lower than that from women with normal menstrual cycles (log mean 71.6 pg/ml, n = 73). However, we could not detect any significant difference between healthy donors' serum levels and those of donors with acute inflammation. Fewer variations were recognized in the case of the sequential venipunctures method than in that of the heparin-saline lock method. CONCLUSION: We found that the GRO-α concentration of postmenopausal women was significantly lower than that of women with normal menstrual cycles. These results suggest the GRO-α serum levels of normal healthy women may have some correlation with sex hormones. 相似文献
This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise plus voluntary food restriction on the body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and aerobic fitness of mildly obese middle-aged women. The subjects were randomly assigned to exercise/diet (n = 17) or control (n = 15) groups. The exercise/diet group participated in an aerobic training programme, 45–60 min · day –1 at 50%–60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 3–4 days · week–1, and also adopted a self-regulated energy deficit relative to predicted energy requirements (–1.05 MJ · day –1 to –1.14 MJ · day –1 ). After the regimen had been followed for 12 weeks, the body mass of the subjects had decreased by an average of 4.5 kg, due mainly to fat loss, with little change of fat free mass (mff). The absolute RMR did not change, but the experimental group showed significant increases in the RMR per unit of body mass (10%) and the RMR per unit of mff (4%). The increase in RMR/mff was not correlated with any increase in VO2max/mff. The resting heat production per unit of essential body mass increased by an average of 21%, but the resting heat production rate per unit of fat tissue mass remained unchanged. We concluded that aerobic exercise enhances the effect of moderate dietary restriction by augmenting the metabolic activity of lean tissue. 相似文献
Objective: We investigated the effects of 1-year tibolone treatment on body weight, body composition and indices of android obesity in postmenopausal women.
Methods: Forty-four postmenopausal women participated in this open-label controlled study; mean age was 51.8 ± 2.21 years and all women were menopausal for 3.8 ± 1.40 years. Twenty-two of them started taking 2.5 mg tibolone (TIB) daily for 1 year, whereas the remaining 22 served as age-matched controls. All subjects underwent a structured interview, physical examination, body composition measurements performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) — Hologic QDR 4500 A, as well as bioelectrical body impedance analysis (BI) — Tanita TBF-215, Japan.
Results: The TIB group did not significantly increase their weight (+0.4 kg), while the non-treated controls increased their mean weight by 1.4 kg (p = 0.046). In the TIB group, DXA showed a non-significant body fat decrease by a mean of 0.5 kg and a non-significant lean mass increase by 0.8 kg, while in the control group, fat mass increased by 1.7 kg (p = 0.032) and lean mass did not change. BI revealed that the TIB group had lost some fat (≈0.6 kg, n.s.) and put some free-fat mass (≈1.0 kg, p = 0.048) without changes in total body water. The control group put on some fat (≈1.1 kg, p = 0.042) and lost some body water (≈0.4 kg, n.s.).
Conclusion: Results from both methods of measuring body composition show a similar trend: a decrease in fat mass and an increase in lean mass in TIB treated subjects. From the body composition perspective, tibolone may be regarded as a preferential alternative to conventional hormonal therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women. 相似文献
Objective: To investigate the effects of estrogen on the susceptibility to oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 23 postmenopausal women were treated with 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen daily for 3 months. Blood samples were obtained before and after therapy. Plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride and the concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid in LDL and HDL were determined enzymatically and the levels of apolipoprotein A-I, A-II in HDL and apolipoprotein B in LDL were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay. The isolated LDL and HDL were incubated at 37°C for 24 h with CuSO4 5 μmol/l and the lipid peroxide concentration of LDL and HDL was measured. Results: Estrogen significantly reduced the plasma level of total cholesterol and significantly increased the plasma level of triglyceride. The LDL concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipid and apolipoprotein B were significantly decreased following estrogen therapy. The triglyceride level of LDL did not change significantly. The HDL concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II were all significantly elevated after estrogen therapy. Estrogen significantly inhibited the peroxidation of LDL at 50–2000 μg of LDL protein (14.17±4.17–11.49±1.42 nmol/200 μg of LDL protein, P<0.001) and of HDL (4.49±1.74–3.37±1.24 nmol/200 μg of HDL protein, P<0.03) induced by their incubation in the presence of CuSO4. Conclusions: Estrogen inhibited the susceptibility of LDL and HDL to oxidative modification and favorably affected lipid metabolism by reducing the number of LDL particles and increasing the number of HDL particles in plasma that were resistant to oxidation. 相似文献
This study of 749 women, aged 45 to 64 years, investigates the psychological, behavioral, and social correlates of alcohol intake. These data from the Framingham Study are uniquely based on a community sample of women, which results in a normative study of drinking behavior in women. Two measures of alcohol intake were utilized in these analyses: (1) the frequency of alcohol intake over 1 week and (2) drinking vs abstaining from alcohol. Among this sample of women, increased socioeconomic status, worrying about aging, and being easily upset were positively associated with frequency of alcohol intake. The rigid attitude scale was the strongest discriminating variable for drinkers vs nondrinkers. Older women were more likely to be nondrinkers compared to younger women, however, among older women, being a homemaker was significantly associated with increased alcohol intake. Contrarily, younger women who were homemakers were more likely to be abstainers than women employed outside the home. As would be expected, cigarette smoking was associated with drinking alcohol.This research is dedicated in fond remembrance to our friend and colleague Joseph Stokes III, M.D. 相似文献
A bioavailability study was performed on ten oophorectomized women in a randomized cross-over design. The absorption of tablets containing 2 mg of micronized oestradiol and 1 mg of micronized oestriol (Estrofem®) was compared to the absorption of the same micronized hormones administered in an aqueous suspension. Serum concentration values of oestradiol, oestriol and oestrone were measured by radioimmunoassay. The data obtained were analyzed both by univariate and multivariate analyses, and neither the serum concentrations at the various sample times, the maximum concentrations, the times for the maximum concentrations, nor the areas under the serum concentration curves disclosed any significant differences between the tablet and suspension administrations at the 5% level. The serum concentration values achieved by giving 2 mg of oestradiol and 1 mg of oestriol were of the same magnitude or higher than those of the normal menstrual cycle. 相似文献
In this 2 × 2 factorial, outcome-assessor blinded, feasibility randomised trial we explored the effect of a non-pharmaceutical multi-component intervention on periodontal health and metabolic and inflammatory profiles among pregnant women with periodontitis receiving prenatal care in a Brazilian public health centre. 69 pregnant women (gestational age ≤20 weeks, T0) were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) fortified sachet (vitamin D and calcium) and powdered milk plus periodontal therapy during pregnancy (early PT) (n = 17); (2) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus early PT (n = 15); (3) fortified sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (after delivery) (n = 19); (4) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (n = 18). Third trimester (T1) and 6–8 weeks postpartum (T2) exploratory outcomes included periodontal health (% sites with bleeding on probing (BOP)), glucose, insulin, C-Reactive Protein, serum calcium and vitamin D. The mean BOP was significantly reduced in the early PT groups, while BOP worsened in the late PT groups. No significant effect of fortification on BOP was observed. Changes in glucose levels and variation on birthweight did not differ among groups This feasibility trial provides preliminary evidence for estimating the minimum clinically important differences for selected maternal outcomes. A large-scale trial to evaluate the interventions’ clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness is warranted. 相似文献