外伤性张力性气颅的诊断和治疗

目的:探讨外伤性张力性气颅的诊断和治疗方法,提高临床治疗水平.方法:按发病急缓、积气部位以及是否合并颅内严重损伤将患者分为三组,并依此分别采用保守治疗(9例)、钻孔引流(8例)和开颅手术(8例)进行治疗.结果:保守组和引流组分别有8例和7例在3周内积气消失,另各有1例无效者在2周后中转鼻内镜颅底修补痊愈;开颅组8例经排空积气、清创并修复颅底缺损后治愈.无术后颅内感染、脑脊液漏、脑膜脑膨出及手术死亡等发生.结论:按发病急缓、积气部位以及是否合并颅内严重损伤来对外伤性张力性气颅进行诊断和分组,并依此选择保守治疗、钻孔引流和开颅或鼻内镜手术进行治疗能获得良好治疗结果.     

肝外伤99例急救体会

目的：总结肝外伤的临床特点,提高对肝外伤的诊疗水平。方法：回顾性分析我科2003年9月至2006年5月收治的99例肝外伤的临床资料。结果：治愈89例,死亡10例,病死率为10．1％。结论：早期诊断和及时治疗是处理肝外伤的主要原则。对病情轻,表现不典型的病例,必须严格掌握保守治疗的指征。对病情较重的患者,术前诊断、术中探查及术后观察都应警惕有合并伤的可能。     

大柴胡汤对重症急性胰腺炎腹腔内压的影响

目的：观察大柴胡汤对重症急性胰腺炎(sever acute pancreatitis, SAP)腹腔内压的影响。方法将符合入选标准的北京中日友好医院外科重症医学科SAP患者70例,按随机数字表法分为2组各35例,常规治疗组予以西医常规治疗;大柴胡汤组在常规治疗的同时鼻饲大柴胡汤。观察急性期内2组患者腹腔内压(intra-abdominal pressure, IAP)的变化并统计腹腔高压(intra-abdominal hypertension, IAH)和腹腔间室综合征(abdominal compartment syndrome, ACS)的发生率。结果入院后2组患者IAP均有升高,但第3～7天大柴胡汤治疗组IAP 水平[(13.31±4.42)mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)、(13.02±5.23)mmHg、(12.35±3.34)mmHg、(11.26±4.46)mmHg、(9.89±3.44)mmHg]明显低于常规治疗组[(16.89±5.71)mmHg、(17.52±3.37)mmHg、(16.21±2.15)mmHg、(14.57±5.56)mmHg、(12.11±1.28)mmHg](P＜0.05)。急性期内大柴胡汤治疗组IAH及ACS发生率分别为40.0%(14/35)、8.6%(3/35),均明显低于常规治疗组的80.0%(28/35)、28.6%(10/35),2组比较差异均有统计学差异(χ2值分别为11.667、4.629,P值均＜0.05)。结论大柴胡汤可有效降低SAP患者IAP、IAH及ACS发生率。     

六味地黄汤对创伤小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 :了解六味地黄汤对创伤小鼠免疫功能影响。方法 :利用创伤小鼠实验模型 ,采用酵母菌花环法 ,分别测定创伤小鼠六味地黄汤治疗前后红细胞免疫功能指标。结果 :RBC-C3 b R花环率、RBC-IC花环率和 RBC免疫粘附促进因子 ( RFER)活性降低 ,而 RBC免疫粘附抑制因子 ( RF IR)活性升高。结论 :六味地黄汤对创伤引起的红细胞免疫功能抑制有恢复作用。     

Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes of Radical Abdominal Trachelectomy Versus Hysterectomy for Stage IA2-IB1 Cervical Cancer

Study Objective: To compare the surgical and oncologic outcomes between abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) and radical hysterectomy (RH) for stage IA2-IB1 cervical cancer.Design: A retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).Setting: Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong, China.Patients: Three hundred twenty-nine patients with IA2-IB1 cervical cancer.Interventions: All patients underwent ART or RH.Measurements and Main Results: All patients were divided into ART (n?=?143) and RH (n?=?186) groups according to the surgical approach. Additionally, oncologic and fertility outcomes were compared for different tumor pathologies and sizes in ART patients. The ART group had similar case characteristics as the RH group, except that the ART group had a longer surgical time. During a similar follow-up period, there were 4 (2.9%) recurrences and 3 (2.2%) patients who died from recurrence in the ART group compared with 8 (4.6%) recurrences and 4 (2.3%) patients who died from recurrence in the RH group (p?=?.444 and p?=?.999, respectively). In the ART group, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients had a 5-year overall survival and pregnancy rate similar to those of non-SCC patients (98.1% vs 96.8%, p?=?.999; 33.3% vs 26.7%, p?=?.873), and patients with tumors ≤2 cm and 2 to 4 cm experienced a similar 5-year overall survival rate (97.0% vs 98.6%, p?=?.999), except patients with tumors ≤2 cm had a higher pregnancy rate (45.2% vs 17.2%, p?=?.020).Conclusion: ART seems to have similar surgical and oncologic outcomes to RH, except ART has a longer surgical time. Both non-SCC patients and stage IA2-IB1 patients with 2- to 4-cm tumors can undergo ART safely. Patients with tumors ≤2 cm have a higher pregnancy rate than patients with 2- to 4-cm tumors.     

Beta-blocker treatment in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundCritical illness may lead to activation of the sympathetic system. The sympathetic stimulation may be further increased by exogenous catecholamines, such as vasopressors and inotropes. Excessive adrenergic stress has been associated with organ dysfunction and higher mortality. β-Blockers may reduce the adrenergic burden, but they may also compromise perfusion to vital organs thus worsening organ dysfunction. To assess the effect of treatment with β-blockers in critically ill adults, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Materials and methodsWe conducted a search from three major databases: Ovid Medline, the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials and Scopus database. Two independent reviewers screened, selected, and assessed the included articles according to prespecified eligibility criteria. We assessed risk of bias of eligible articles according to the Cochrane guidelines. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsSixteen randomized controlled trials comprising 2410 critically ill patients were included in the final review. A meta-analysis of 11 trials including 2103 patients showed a significant reduction in mortality in patients treated with β-blockers compared to control (risk ratio 0.65, 95%CI 0.53–0.79; p < .0001). There was no significant difference in mean arterial pressure or vasopressor load. Quality of life, biventricular ejection fraction, blood lactate levels, cardiac biomarkers and mitochondrial function could not be included in meta-analysis due to heterogenous reporting of outcomes.ConclusionsIn this systematic review we found that β-blocker treatment reduced mortality in critical illness. Use of β-blockers in critical illness thus appears safe after initial hemodynamic stabilization. High-quality RCT’s are needed to answer the questions concerning optimal target group of patients, timing of β-blocker treatment, choice of β-blocker, and choice of physiological and hemodynamic parameters to target during β-blocker treatment in critical illness.

KEY MESSAGES

• A potential outcome benefit of β-blocker treatment in critical illness exists according to the current review and meta-analysis. Administration of β-blockers to resuscitated patients in the ICU seems safe in terms of hemodynamic stability and outcome, even during concomitant vasopressor administration. However, further studies, preferably large RCTs on β-blocker treatment in the critically ill are needed to answer the questions concerning timing and choice of β-blocker, patient selection, and optimal hemodynamic targets.

     

药物性阴茎双功能超声检测在外伤性勃起功能障碍中的应用

目的 探讨阴茎双功能超声诊断尿道外伤患者勃起功能障碍的价值.方法 尿道外伤后经IIEF-5评分诊断为勃起功能障碍的患者35例分别于注射罂粟碱及酚妥拉明前后应用多普勒超声测量阴茎背动脉和背深动脉的动脉血流收缩期峰速(peak systolic velocity ,PSV),舒张末期流速(end diastolic velocity,EDV),阻力指数(resistance index,RI);背深静脉流速(V),并进行组间分析.依据骨盆耻骨联合有无分离分为两组,分离组13例,未分离组22例.结果 35例勃起功能障碍的患者中,经超声诊断为血管性勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)的有11例,耻骨联合分离组与未分离组在注射血管活性药物后背深动脉收缩期流速有统计学意义(P《0.05).结论 阴茎血流超声检测在诊断尿道外伤患者勃起功能障碍时可对血管性ED作出诊断,后尿道损伤患者尤其是合并骨盆耻骨联合分离者可能存在较大的血管性ED的风险.     

The effect of tightened hearing protection regulations on military noise-induced tinnitus

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tightened hearing protection regulations on tinnitus in the Finnish Defence Forces. The initial study group comprised 252 officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs), of which 229 were included in the final study group. Subjective symptoms of tinnitus and audiometric test results for these officers and NCOs examined before retirement, from 1984 to 1986 (Period I), and 2003 to 2005 (Period II), were reviewed. Changes in tinnitus reports between the two time periods, during which regulations had been revised, were investigated. Prevalence of tinnitus showed a decline both in officers (from 68% to 63%) and in NCOs (from 76% to 72%) between the two study periods, in accordance with tightened hearing protection regulations. The Cox regression analysis showed a significantly decreased hazard ratio for constant or disturbing tinnitus for Period II. Tinnitus prevalence, especially constant or disturbing tinnitus, in the Finnish Defence Forces was diminished by tightened hearing protection regulations. Tinnitus might be more persistent than hearing loss and does not necessarily improve in direct relation to hearing loss after protective measures.     

Effects of tranexamic acid on coagulofibrinolytic markers during the early stage of severe trauma: A propensity score–matched analysis

Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces the risk of bleeding trauma death without altering the need for blood transfusion. We examined the effects of TXA on coagulation and fibrinolysis dynamics and the volume of transfusion during the early stage of trauma. This subanalysis of a prospective multicenter study of severe trauma included 276 patients divided into propensity score–matched groups with and without TXA administration. The effects of TXA on coagulation and fibrinolysis markers immediately at (time point 0) and 3 hours after (time point 3) arrival at the emergency department were investigated. The transfusion volume was determined at 24 hours after admission. TXA was administered to the patients within 3 hours (median, 64 minutes) after injury. Significant reductions in fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimer levels from time points 0 to 3 in the TXA group compared with the non-TXA group were confirmed, with no marked differences noted in the 24-hour transfusion volumes between the 2 groups. Continuously increased levels of soluble fibrin, a marker of thrombin generation, from time points 0 to 3 and high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, a marker of inhibition of fibrinolysis, at time point 3 were observed in both groups. TXA inhibited fibrin(ogen)olysis during the early stage of severe trauma, although this was not associated with a reduction in the transfusion volume. Other confounders affecting the dynamics of fibrinolysis and transfusion requirement need to be clarified.     

Characteristics of microorganisms cultured from infected wounds post-hysterectomy

Objective

To characterize organisms causing wound infection following abdominal hysterectomy.

Study design

All patients who underwent an abdominal hysterectomy (December 2002–January 2006) and developed abdominal wall wound infection proven by a positive culture were included in the study. Patient information was collected from the computerized files. The isolated microorganisms were characterized for antibiotics susceptibility.

Results

Sixty-eight (68/620, 10.96%) patients had positive wound cultures. Of 100 isolated microorganisms, 44 were resistant to cefonicid (prophylactic treatment) and 15 were resistant to combined ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole (empirical treatment). Major co-morbidities (including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, past malignancies, renal, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, hypothyroidism or anemia), were found to be significantly associated with pseudomonal infection (P < .008).

Conclusion

A significant portion of pathogens causing post-hysterectomy abdominal wall wound infection are resistant to the prophylactic treatment, and some are resistant to the empirical treatment. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of various prophylactic regimens with better coverage of Enterococcus fecalis, as well as the effectiveness of empirical treatment active against the resistant Enterobacteriaceae group.