脂多糖刺激单核巨噬细胞培养上清液对成骨细胞成骨特性的影响

目的 探讨建立牙周炎症的体外实验模型的可行性,为后续进行牙周炎症状态下应力对牙槽骨改建的研究奠定基础.方法 以牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.g)脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)Pg-LPS刺激小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)的培养上清液作用于体外培养的小...     

Hypotensive effect and toxicology of the extract from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr

The water extract from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. (CF extract) was tested for hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects. Acute and subchronic toxicity as well as motor activity of CF extract were also evaluated. The present study demonstrates that CF extract is effective in reducing blood pressure in anesthetized normotensive rats. This effect is shown to be dose-related and rapid in onset. The extract showed an endothelium-dependent and independent vasorelaxant activity in isolated aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (1 microM) and KCl (60 mM). The capacity of L-NAME (100 microM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, to reduce the vasorelaxant action of the extract indicates the involvement of nitric oxide. In the acute toxicity test, an oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of the CF extract did not produce mortality or significant changes of the general behavior of animals and gross appearance of internal organs of rats. Similarly, in the subchronic toxicity test, an oral dose of 2500 mg/kg/day of the CF extract given to rats for 90 days did not cause any significant change of any of the parameters observed when compared with those of the control animals. Moreover, the CF extract did not produce any effect on the central nervous system when spontaneous motor activity in rats was assessed. However, because some average hematological and blood chemistry values were found to be statistically different, further studies, including chronic toxicity test, should be done to confirm the safety of this plant when it is used over a long period of time.     

原发性肝癌患者血清酶类指标变化的临床价值

目的：探讨血清a-L-岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和胆碱酯酶（CHE）对原发性肝癌（primary hepatocarcinoma,PHC）的诊断价值。方法：使用全自动生化分析仪对107例原发性肝癌患者血清中AFU、GGT、ALP和CHE进行检测。结果：原发性肝癌患者血清AFU、GGT、ALP和CHE水平及阳性率均明显高于正常对照组及良性肝病组（P〈0.01）;联合检测的敏感性和诊断准确性均比单项检测高。结论：联合检测血清中AFU、GGT、ALP和CHE对原发性肝癌诊断具有重要临床价值。     

Subchronic toxicity study of GH transgenic carp

A subchronic toxicity study of GH (growth hormone) transgenic carp was carried out with 60 SD rats aged 4 weeks, weight 115∼125 g. Ten male and 10 female rats were allotted into each group. Animals of the three groups (transgenic carp group (GH–TC), parental carp group (PC) and control group) were fed soy- and alfalfa-free diet (SAFD) with 10% GH transgenic carp powder, 10% parental carp powder or 10% common carp powder for 90 consecutive days, respectively. In the end of study, animals were killed by exsanguination via the carotid artery under diethyl ether anesthesia, then weights of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, brain, ovaries and uterus/testis were measured. Pathological examination of organs was determined. Endocrine hormones of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormone (T4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) levels were detected by specific ELISA kit. Parameters of blood routine and blood biochemical were measured. The weights of the body and organs of the rats, food intake, blood routine, blood biochemical test and serum hormones showed no significant differences among the GH transgenic carp-treated, parental carp-treated and control groups (P > 0.05). Thus, it was concluded that at the dose level of this study, GH transgenic carp showed no subchronic toxicity and endocrine disruption to SD rats.     

中药分期治疗对兔桡骨骨折延迟愈合X线及血清ALP的影响

目的：观察中药分期治疗对兔骨折延迟愈合X线及血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的影响。方法：新西兰兔75只,无菌术下左侧桡骨中下1/3切除10mm后,除模型组外其余4组髓腔用骨腊封闭,分为治疗1组、治疗2组、治疗3组、模型组、延迟愈合模型组,每组15只。其中治疗2组术后按骨折分期第2天开始给药,治疗3组和治疗1组4周成模后给药,延迟愈合模型组和模型组术后第2天灌等容量的生理盐水,延迟愈合模型组成模后骨延迟愈合区注入自体红骨髓。术后第4周和8周检测血清ALP和拍摄线片。结果：第4周治疗2组血清ALP明显高于其他4组,差异极显著（P〈0.01）,第8周与延迟愈合模型组比较差异极显著（P〈0.01）,与模型组比较差异显著（P〈0.05）,治疗1组和治疗3组血清ALP与模型组比较显著下降（P〈0.05）,与治疗2组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。第4周末X线肉眼评分模型组极显著高于其他各组,第8周末治疗2组肉眼评分显著高于治疗1组和治疗3组及延迟愈合模型组（P〈0.01）,与模型组无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：中药分期治疗明显提高了骨折X线肉眼评分,治疗2组血清ALP明显提高,中药组均有促进骨折愈合的作用。     

雌激素水平对大豆苷原(DAI)促大鼠成骨细胞分化作用的影响

 目的  观察基础雌激素(estrogen)水平对大豆苷原(daizein,DAI)促成骨细胞分化作用的影响。方法  采用酶消化法分离培养新生SD大鼠头盖骨成骨细胞,通过培养液中添加17β-雌二醇改变培养微环境(包括空白对照)雌激素水平,应用MTT法和对硝基苯磷酸盐(p-nitropheny-phosate,PNPP)法检测细胞增殖率和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性,应用real-time PCR法检测其雌激素受体α(ERa)、雌激素受体β(ERβ)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,PPAR)γ的mRNA水平变化,研究雌激素基础水平变化对DAI促成骨细胞分化作用的影响。结果  培养环境中雌二醇水平升高致DAI的促分化作用减弱。其中100 nmol/L DAI组ALP比活性较对照组的增幅由雌激素补充前的23%分别降至8%(17β-雌二醇为100 pmol/L)和-11%(17β-雌二醇为1 000 pmol/L),显示基础雌激素水平对DAI促分化的拮抗作用。为避免培养液中血清雌激素的可能影响,进一步采用去激素血清培养(含2%去激素胎牛血清)。此时补充17β-雌二醇至100 pmol/L,DAI各剂量组细胞ALP比活性较对照组明显增加(16%~21%,P<0.05)。继续补充雌激素至1 000和10 000 pmol/L 时,其作用反而减弱。该结果显示,DAI促成骨细胞分化作用与雌激素基础水平有关,低雌激素状态(≤100 pmol/L)可增强其作用。为进一步探索其作用机制,我们初步观察了雌激素(100 pmol/L)和DAI(100 nmol/L)单独或联合作用下成骨细胞ERa、ERβ和PPARγ受体表达变化。结果显示,100 pmol/L 17β-雌二醇明显上调ERβ表达,并部分抵抗DAI下调ERβ的作用。结论  DAI的促成骨分化作用与基础雌激素水平有关,低雌激素(≤100 pmol/L)状态有利于DAI的促分化作用,而雌激素水平升高可减弱其促分化作用。     

Safety assessment of a solid lipid curcumin particle preparation: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies

Curcumin, a polyphenol, is obtained from turmeric, the ground rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. Extensive research over the past half century has revealed several health benefits of curcumin. The objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects, if any, of a novel solid lipid curcumin particle (SLCP) preparation in rats following acute and subchronic administration. The oral LD₅₀ of the preparation in rats as well as in mice was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw). In the subchronic toxicity study, Wistar rats (10/sex/group) were administered via oral gavage 0 (control), 180, 360, and 720 mg/kg bw/day of SLCP preparation for 90 days. Administration of the curcumin preparation did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical (including behavioral) observations, ophthalmic examinations, body weights, body weight gains, feed consumption, and organ weights. No adverse effects of the curcumin preparation were noted on the hematology, serum chemistry parameters, and urinalysis. Terminal necropsy did not reveal any treatment-related gross or histopathology findings. Based on the results of this study, the No Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for this standardized novel curcumin preparation was determined as 720 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.     

High doses of olive leaf extract induce liver changes in mice

Virtually ever since it was first commercialized in 1995, there have been several studies focusing on the use of olive leaf extract (OLE) as a natural therapy and its medical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different concentrations of OLE on the function of mice livers over the course of 14 weeks. Female ICR mice were divided into four groups, depending on OLE concentration used: 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and albumin serum concentrations were all measured. Histopathological changes of the liver were observed after haematoxylin and eosin, reticulin, and Masson’s trichrome staining was carried out while liver mitochondrial bioenergetics were also evaluated. Alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase serum enzyme activities increased significantly in the groups in which 0.5% and 0.75% OLE concentrations were used. Histologically, all the groups exposed to OLE exhibited hyperplasia of the bile ducts, cholestasis, hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory infiltrated. Hepatic fibrosis was observed in the groups featuring 0.5% and 0.75% OLE concentrations. The mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory control ratio and ADP/O of samples from animals fed the higher OLE concentration was significantly decreased when compared to the control group.