妊娠13～16周妇女血25－羟维生素D3水平和妊娠期糖尿病发病的关系临床研究

目的：研究分析妊娠13～16周妇女25－羟维生素D3水平与患有糖尿病之间的关系。方法择取2014年02月～2014年08月妇产科接受产检及分娩的88例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为观察组,及同期的88例正常妊娠妇女作为对照组。分别检测妊娠13～16周时血25－羟维生素D3的含量。结果观察组患者的血25－羟维生素D3含量明显小于对照组,差异P＜0.05有统计学意义。观察组糖耐量测试1小时血糖异常患者的25－羟维生素D3水平显著小于糖耐量测试1 h血糖正常的患者,差异P＜0.05有统计学意义。结论妊娠13～16周时,患者血25－羟维生素D3含量越低,患有糖尿病的风险越高;25－羟维生素D3含量低下可能与糖尿量测试后1小时血糖增高具有显著相关性。     

反流性食管炎和食管腺癌组织中P16、P53、PCNA表达及其临床意义

为了探讨Ｐ１６、Ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ基因表达在反流性食管炎、Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ食管和食管腺癌中的临床生物学行为之间的关系。采用免疫组织化学法,检测了３０例食管腺癌、２０例反流性食管炎和１０例Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ食管组织中Ｐ１６、Ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ基因表达,２０例正常人的食管组织作为正常对照。结果表明：三项基因在食管腺癌中的蛋白表达率均较正常对照组显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ｐ５３在食管腺癌、Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ食管和反流     

溶脲脲原体生物分型方法的建立及应用

目的: 建立检测溶脲脲原体(Uu)生物型别的方法,研究两种Uu生物型(Parvo型和T960型 )感染与人精液质量之间的关系。　方法: 根据Uu两个生物型在 16S~23SrRNA间隔区基因序列,分别设计了Uu种族特异性引物及Uu两种生物型共 3对引物,检测了 949例生殖门诊男性患者的精液常规和精液Uu。　结果: 精液Uu培养阳性且UuPCR检测也呈阳性者 199例 (感染率 21. 1% ),其中Parvo型 136例 ( 136 /199, 68. 3% ),T960型 54例 ( 54 /199,27. 1% ),Parvo型和T960型同时阳性者 9例(9 /199, 4. 5% )。Uu感染T960型组与Parvo组和阴性组相比,精子活动力则明显下降(P<0. 05)。而精子活动率和精子密度无统计学差异。　结论: Uu感染的生物型与人精液质量有关,T960型Uu感染与精子活动力明显相关。     

5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷和曲古抑菌素A对胃癌细胞中P16和hMLH1及MGMT基因启动子甲基化和mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨DNA去甲基化制剂-5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷（5-Aza-dC）和组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂一曲古抑菌素A（TSA）对体外培养的胃癌细胞MGC-803中P16、hMLH1和MGMT基因启动子区DNA甲基化及基因表达的影响。方法应用5-Aza-dC和TSA处理体外培养的胃癌细胞MGC-803后。甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应法检测用药后细胞中P16、hMLH1和MGMT基因启动子区DNA甲基化状态;RT—PCR检测用药后细胞中P16、hMLH1和MGMTmRNA的表达水平。结果胃癌细胞系MGC-803中P16、hMLH1和MGMT基因mRNA表达缺失．其启动子区域表现为DNA高甲基化。5-Aza-dC不但能使P16、hMLH1和MGMT基因发生DNA去甲基化,而且能使表达缺失的P16、hMLH1和MGMTmRNA获得表达;TSA不能使上述基因发生去甲基化。亦不能使P16和hMLH1mRNA表达：5-Aza-dC和TSA联合作用下,上述3种基因的mRNA相对表达水平分别为0．412±0．030、0．397±0．024和0．553±0．043,明显高于5-Aza-dC单独作用（0．221±0．022、0．214±0．018和0．156±0．017,均P〈0．05）。结论启动子区DNA高甲基化是胃癌细胞中P16、hMLH1和MGMT基因失活的主要原因之一,5-Aza-dC单独应用及5-Aza-dC和TSA联合应用致胃癌细胞中P16、hMLH1和MGMT基因启动子去甲基化．从而使其重获表达。     

The value of 16-slice multidetector computed tomographic angiography in preoperative appraisal of vascular anatomy in potential living renal donors

Background

Comprehensive preoperative appraisal of potential living renal donors is the key for selecting a proper donor and a suitable kidney.

Objective

To prospectively assess the diagnostic value of 16-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in preoperative appraisal of vascular anatomy in potential living renal donors.

Materials and methods

Preoperative angiography using a 16-slice MDCT scanner was performed in 68 consecutive potential living renal donors. The MDCT angiography included unenhanced and contrast-enhanced multiphasic scans. The MDCT images were reviewed for the number and branching pattern of the renal arteries and for the number and presence of major or minor variants of the renal veins. The results were compared with the actual anatomy at the open donor nephrectomy as the diagnostic standard of reference.

Results

The sensitivity and the specificity of MDCT angiography for the detection of various anatomic variants of renal arteries as well as renal venous anomalies were 100%. The anatomic variants of renal arteries included accessory arteries (n = 7) and early arterial branching (n = 10). Whereas, the detected venous anomalies were of major category of the circumaortic left renal vein anomaly (n = 2). No minor renal venous anomaly was identified in any subject.

Conclusion

16-Slice MDCT angiography is highly accurate for preoperative assessment of diverse anomalies of the renal vascular anatomy in potential living renal donors; in consequence, it markedly affects the surgical planning.     

小剂量X射线全身照射提高小鼠抗瘤能力的整体和离体研究

本文作者利用肿瘤血道转移和自发转移模型，从整体和离体两方面观察７５ｍＧｙＸ射线全身照射对小鼠抗瘤能力的影响。结果发现：①与假照组相比，照射组小鼠Ｂ１６黑色素瘤血道肺转移结节数明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；过继转移至同系小鼠体内的脾细胞，可明显抑制Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌（ＬＬＣ）的局部生长和自发肺转移（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。②与假照组相比，体外检测照射组小鼠脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡＩＬ－２反应性增强（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＫ活性明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；体内检测其巨噬细胞功能也显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１），１２５ＩＵｄＲ标记黑色素瘤细胞在肺内的存留率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果提示，小剂量辐射可明显提高小鼠的抗瘤能力；机体免疫功能的增强可能是其抗肿瘤效应的主要机理之一。     

2011年武汉及周边城市手足口病病原学及流行病学研究

目的 了解武汉市及周边城市2011年4月至2012年3月手足口病的病原学及流行病学特征,为本地区手足口病的防治提供依据.方法 采集手足口病患者咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(CA16)的核酸.结果 2011年4月至2012年3月共收集手足口病咽拭子标本1844例,其中EV71阳性372例,阳性率为20.2％;CA16阳性460例,阳性率为24.9％;EV71和CA16双阳性38例,阳性率为2.1％.在病例收集期间,武汉及周边城市暴发的手足口病有2个高峰期,第1个高峰期为2011年5～7月春末夏初季节,EV71亚型为主要病原体;第2个高峰期为2011年9～12月秋末冬初季节,CA16病毒为主要病原体;发病患者集中于1～3岁儿童,且男性明显多于女性;散居儿童人数明显多于幼托儿童;EV71亚型患者发热、中枢神经系统(呕吐、肢颤、嗜睡和惊厥)症状所占比例要显著高于CA16亚型.结论 2011年武汉市及周边城市2个手足口病高峰期的主要病原体分别是由EV71和CA16亚型引起的,及早了解手足口病病原体的构成及流行病学特征,对于其防控具有重要意义.     

肠道微生物群的病理生理学进展

Before the technique of advanced high-throughput sequencing comes up, less is known about the human gut microbiota. It has been understood that trillions of microbes, in which 99% are bacteria, inhabit the human gut, forming a complicated ecological community. The gut microbiota has a great impact on human physiology and susceptibility to disease through its integrative metabolic activities and interactions with the host. In physiology, gut microbiota contributes to the host acquisition of nutrition and energy from diets, promoting development and maturation of gastrointestinal tract and immune system, and protecting host from invasion of enteropathogens. In pathology, dysbiosis underlying altered gut microbiota is associated with the susceptibilities to various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, asthma, obesity, metabolic syndrome, autism and cancer. Understanding of the factors that underlie alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota will be helpful in the development of drugs and the design of therapies that target it. This goal is formidable. It is because that the compositions of gut microbiota are immensely diverse, varying between individuals in a population and fluctuating over time in an individual, especially during early development and diseases. Viewing the gut microbiota with an ecological perspective will provide new insights into how to improve our health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments.     

Antioxidant therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza decreases plasma endothelin-1 and thromboxane B2 after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with congenital heart disease

OBJECTIVE: The endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 is increased after cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital heart defects. This study determines whether antioxidant therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza injection, an herb extract containing phenolic compounds, prevents the postoperative increase of endothelin-1. The relationship between endothelin-1 and the endothelium-derived prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) and thromboxane A2 postoperatively is also investigated. METHODS: Twenty children with congenital heart defects and pulmonary hypertension were randomly assigned to group A (placebo control, n=10) or B (200 mg/kg Salvia miltiorrhiza intravenously after anesthesia induction and at the time of rewarming, respectively; n =10) before cardiac surgery. Central venous blood samples were taken before operation (T(0)), 10 (T(1)) and 30 minutes (T(2)) after starting cardiopulmonary bypass, 10 (T(3)) and 30 minutes (T(4)) after aortic declamping, and 30 minutes (T(5)) and 24 hours (T(6)) after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, myocardial specific creatine kinase-MB activity, thromboxane B2, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1 alpha) (stable metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2) were measured. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde increased significantly at T(1) in group A and remained significantly higher than in group B thereafter (P <.05). Malondialdehyde in group B did not significantly increase over time. At T(5), plasma creatine kinase-MB, thromboxane B2, and endothelin-1 in group B were lower than in group A (P <.05); malondialdehyde correlated significantly with creatine kinase-MB (r = 0.71, P =.0005). At T(6), endothelin-1 negatively correlated with the 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1 alpha)/thromboxane B2 ratio (r = -0.64, P =.0025). CONCLUSION: Antioxidant therapy reduces myocardial damage and attenuates postoperative vasoactive mediator imbalance.     

慢性骨盆疼痛综合征前列腺液16S rRNA基因检测及临床意义

目的 :通过前列腺液 16SrRNA基因的检测 ,探讨慢性骨盆疼痛综合征 (CPPS)的细菌感染性病因及其对抗生素疗效的预测价值。　方法 :用通用引物PCR法检测 5 9例CPPS病人前列腺液 (EPS)和初段尿 (VB1)细菌16SrRNA基因。若只在EPS检测到条带 ,或EPS信号比VB1强 10倍以上 ,则细菌信号判断为阳性。所有病人口服左氧氟沙星及阿奇霉素治疗 4周。与治疗前相比 ,治疗后症状严重性积分指数 (SSI)、症状频度问卷积分 (SFQ)、前列腺炎症状积分指数 (NIH CPSI)中疼痛问题的总积分 (quasi CPSI)减少 5 0 %以上 ,或病人主观总体评价改善5 0 %以上作为治疗有效的标准。　结果 :5 9例CPPS病人中细菌信号阳性 46例、阴性 13例。细菌信号阳性与阴性两组治疗有效率分别为 6 5 %～ 74%、0 ,疗效差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :部分CPPS与细菌感染有关 ,前列腺 16SrRNA基因检测的结果对选择抗生素治疗有指导意义。