感染科人文关怀带教模式探索与成效

目的探讨人文关怀带教模式对感染科实习护生关怀能力的影响。方法 2014年7月至2015年5月创建人文关怀带教模式,在实习护生入科第1天、出科前3 d进行关怀能力自我评价,比较护生关怀能力的变化。结果实施人文关带教模式后护生关怀能力总分[(189.3±13.5)分],认识维度均分[(51.6±9.8)分]、勇气维度均分[(70.2±6.5)分]、耐心维度均分[(67.5±4.8)分],较干预前[分别为(179.4±10.4)、(50.2±10.3)、(65.7±8.4)、(63.4±5.4)分]均有所提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中关怀能力总分及认知维度得分仍低于常模[分别为203.1分、76.4分],勇气维度和耐心维度得分高于常模[分别为62.5分、61.0分]。结论实习护生关怀能力较低,应采取综合措施培养实习护生的关怀能力。构建人文关怀传递链、营造轻松的工作环境及融洽的人际关系,对提高护生的关怀意识及关怀能力、提高实习满意度具有积极意义。     

阿立哌唑治疗抗精神病药物所致高催乳素血症研究进展

高催乳素血症(HPRL)是抗精神病药物治疗常见的一种不良反应,其治疗方法很多,但效果均不理想。阿立哌唑不仅具有抗精神病作用,还可有效逆转HPRL。本文拟就阿立哌唑在抗精神病药物所致HPRL中的应用、机制、疗效及安全性进行阐述与总结,为HPRL的临床诊疗提供参考。     

25-羟维生素D_3治疗2型糖尿病患者早期肾损害的临床观察

目的观察25-羟维生素D3(Vit D3)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者早期肾损害的临床疗效。方法纳入T2DM早期肾损伤患者80例,采用随机数字表法等分为治疗组与对照组,对照组继续原有降糖方案,治疗组在既往用药基础上,肌肉注射Vit D3注射液,疗程均为10个月,治疗结束后进行疗效评价。结果 1与治疗前相比,治疗组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平上调,微量白蛋白(MA)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-M)及肾脏损伤分子-1(KIM-1)水平下调,治疗组低于对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2与治疗前相比,治疗组治疗后Vit D3水平上调,治疗组高于对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3T2DM患者Vit D3水平与MA(r=-0.432),β2-M(r=-0.615),及KIM-1(r=-0.763)水平均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 Vit D3可有效减轻T2DM患者的早期肾损害,对肾脏具有保护作用。     

高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌应用二次电切治疗的效果分析

目的探讨高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌应用二次电切治疗的临床效果。方法选取我院2011年11月-2014年11月的80例高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌患者进行回顾性分析,将首次经尿道电切术后6周进行第二次电切治疗的40例患者作为试验组,进行常规治疗的40例患者作为对照组,观察两组患者的复发情况及并发症发生情况。结果试验组的复发率(30.0%)明显低于对照组(62.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.628,P0.05);试验组的并发症发生率(5.0%)明显低于对照组(22.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.916,P0.05)。结论对高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌患者进行二次电切治疗可以减少复发率的发生,减少并发症的发生,具有重要的临床意义。     

单次高剂量丙种球蛋白给药方式对新生儿ABO溶血症的临床疗效研究

目的探讨单次高剂量丙种球蛋白给药方式对新生儿ABO溶血症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年7月-2017年7月于永康市妇幼保健院治疗的新生儿ABO溶血症的患儿,其中采用单次高剂量丙球蛋白治疗的59例患儿纳入观察组,仅采用常规的蓝光照射治疗49例患儿纳入对照组,比较两组患儿的蓝光治疗时间、黄疸持续时间、住院时间,治疗前和治疗后不同时间点总胆红素、血红蛋白以及两组患儿在治疗期间的贫血及采用换血治疗的比例。结果观察组患儿在治疗后24 h、48 h和72 h的TBIL水平较治疗前均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05),而Hb水平较治疗前显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05),其中观察组治疗后24 h、48 h和72h的TBIL水平均显著低于对照组,观察组治疗后24 h、48 h和72 h的Hb水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05),观察组患儿的蓝光照射时间、黄疸消退时间和住院时间均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05),两组患儿在治疗期间均未出现治疗手段相关的并发症,其中观察组发生贫血的比例以及需要进行换血治疗的比例均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论单次高剂量丙种球蛋白给药能显著促进新生儿ABO溶血症胆红素及黄疸的消退,减少贫血及换血治疗,是安全可靠的治疗方式。     

京尼平苷对高糖高脂诱导的胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌的影响

目的研究京尼平苷对高糖高脂诱导的胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌的影响。方法用高糖高脂孵育大鼠胰岛β细胞(INS-1)及原代大鼠胰岛,同时用京尼平苷干预,用放射免疫法检测胰岛素分泌量。结果京尼平苷增加高糖高脂孵育后INS-1细胞的数量;京尼平苷促进高糖高脂孵育后INS-1细胞的胰岛素分泌;京尼平苷改善高糖高脂孵育后原代大鼠胰岛的胰岛素分泌,且通过胰高糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体发挥作用。结论京尼平苷通过GLP-1受体调节高糖高脂诱导后胰岛β细胞的胰岛素分泌。     

高场强MR诊断乳腺癌的技术应用进展

【摘要】MRI的临床应用可提高乳腺癌的诊断符合率，乳腺MRI正在逐步向3.0T甚至7.0T的高场强方向发展。目前，高场强MR功能成像技术在乳腺成像方面已取得了突飞猛进的发展，它可为乳腺癌患者的个性化诊疗提供更好的检测、评估、分期和监测手段。本文对高场强MR诊断乳腺癌的技术应用现状与进展进行综述。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.