以消灭易感地带钉螺为主的综合措施控制血吸虫病的急性感染效果观察

蒲圻市2年采取以消灭易感地带钉螺为主的综合措施,控制血吸虫病急性感染的效果显著,两年的急感病人分别比1986年下降95.45%(147/154)和96.10%(148/154).说明湖沼洲滩型流行区,针对血吸虫病急性感染的三个主要易感因素(人群、环境、季节),科学地制订和实施以消灭易感地带钉螺为主的防制对策,同时做好血防知识宣传教育,对中小学生上血防课,吡喹酮预防服药,分地段设监督岗等防护措施,可取得较好的防治效果.     

2005～2006年江西省血吸虫病疫情监测点螺情调查结果分析

目的分析2005～2006年江西省12个国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点螺情调查结果,掌握各监测点钉螺消长情况。方法依据《全国血吸虫病疫情监测点方案》,对各监测点钉螺孳生环境与可疑环境进行调查,比较两年的各项螺情指标。结果2006年12个监测点的有螺面积较2005年下降17.27%,但各监测点有螺面积下降幅度不相一致,有10个监测点查出有阳性钉螺分布;另外各监测点活螺密度、阳性螺密度也有较大波动。结论各监测点螺情依然严重,应加强控制钉螺的防治力度。     

复合矫治弓丝接头的力学性能及接头组织观察

目的　测试复合矫治弓丝接头的机械性能及分析接头、接头断口变化。方法　测试复合矫治弓丝接头的拉伸强度、剪切强度、扭转强度、弯曲形变残余角,TiNi形状记忆合金丝超弹性,扫描电镜观察及分析接头、断口组织变化。结果　复合矫治弓丝接头抗拉伸强度为32 0～36 0MPa ,剪切强度为2 2 0～2 5 0MPa ,抗扭转强度为30～4 0N·m、断裂时扭转角度不小于1 4 4 0°,弯曲形变残余角为1 2～1 7°;钎焊异质接头中TiNi形状记忆合金丝超弹性几乎没有破坏;接头钎料与TiNi形状记忆合金界面不存在扩散层,与不锈钢丝界面之间有一较宽的扩散层,接头断裂多发生在钎料与TiNi形状记忆合金超弹界面处,部分发生在钎缝中心。结论　复合矫治弓丝机械性能符合正畸临床要求,可应用于临床。     

磁共振扩散加权成像对人脑正常ADCav值的测量及定量分析

目的:对不同年龄组正常人脑进行水分子扩散加权成像,探讨年龄因素对正常人脑白质及灰质核团ADCav值的影响,为进一步研究放射性脑损伤提供不同年龄段ADCav正常值范围。方法:研究样本60例,分为<60岁和≥60岁两个年龄组,进行脑水分子扩散加权成像,并分别测量额叶和枕叶白质ADC值作为皮质下白质的代表,测量丘脑ADC值作为灰质团块的代表。结果:年龄<60岁组脑白质的ADCav值为(0.70±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,丘脑的ADCav值为(0.83±0.08)×10-3mm2/s;年龄≥60岁组脑白质的ADCav值为(0.73±0.10)×10-3mm2/s,丘脑的ADCav值为(0.84±0.06)×10-3mm2/s。两年龄组脑白质间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),丘脑间无统计学意义,白质和丘脑间有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:①伴随年龄的增长,正常脑白质ADC值呈现微弱的增长趋势,尤其是60岁以上老年人ADC值的增长趋势更为明显;②定量的ADC值分析对疾病的早期诊断及检测病变的发生、发展都有重要的意义;③临床研究中在对照样本的选取上应注意年龄因素的影响,本研究所得数据可作为进一步研究的正常参考值。     

氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉剂的应用

消灭钉螺是控制和阻断血吸虫病传播途径、防止血吸虫感染的最有效措施之一,而化学灭螺仍然是我国目前控制和消灭钉螺的主要手段。1953年发现五氯酚钠后,由于其易溶于水,使用方便,杀灭钉螺效果好,很快得到了大规模应用,是国内外使用最广泛的杀螺剂[1]。但由于五氯酚钠对人、畜及     

Feasibility of establishing cerebral ischemia models by using aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery of piglets Imaging assessment

BACKGROUND: The cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion animal models are used to simulate the human cerebrovascular diseases is one of the popular topics of neurological science recently. To study the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to establish the ideal animal model that is the most similar to the human cerebral ischemia, are the topics that the people generally cared about. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery on the establishment of cerebral ischemia models by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). DESIGN: Repetitive measure animal experiment. SETTING: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory (Provincial Laboratory), Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian Univeristy from January to May 2006. A total of 14 domestic piglets, of 6 months old, weighing 12–15 kg, of either gender, were selected from Animal Experimental Center, Dalian University. Multistar T.O.P digital subtraction angiography machine was provided by Siemens Company, German. METHODS: Aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery was used to establish cerebral ischemia models. And then, Multistar T.O.P. DSA was used for imaging of cerebral vessels before blocking, during blocking and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ischemia perfusion. GE Signa 1.5 T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging was used for DWI examination; in addition, PWI was used based on focal sites and areas. Otherwise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect signal changes of T1WI and T2WI in ischemic areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analytic results of DSA, DWI, PWI and MRI. RESULTS: All 14 experimental piglets were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA: The blood flow of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and its branch were blocked at blocking phase, which restored 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion. ② DWI and PWI: There were no observable abnormalities in PWI and DWI at pre-blocking. Abnormal increased signals were found on both DWI and PWI at during and post-blocking. There were reduction in ADC and rCBF and delay in rTTP at all time points except pre-blocking. ③ MRI: There were no abnormal signals observable at any time of pre- and post-blocking in T1WI and T2WI. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to establish this kind of animal experimental models, and it can simulate the ischemic state; meanwhile, the existence and extent can be showed directly by DSA, DWI, and PWI.     

唇癌根治术的护理

唇癌主要为鳞癌,腺癌很少见.多发生于下唇,常发生于下唇中外1/3间的唇缘粘膜,早期为疱疹状结痂肿块,或局部粘膜增厚,随后出现火山口状溃疡或菜花状肿块.唇癌生长较慢,无自觉症状,以后肿瘤向周围皮肤及粘膜扩散,同时向深部组织浸润.下唇癌常向颌下及下颌下淋巴结转移.临床晚期,虽无淋巴结转移的唇癌,可行选择性颈淋巴结清扫术.本院于2005年3月成功为1例下唇癌晚期病人实施病灶扩大切除 颈淋巴结清扫术,疗效好.本人是此病人住院期间责任护士,现将此病人的护理体会报告如下:     

氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉剂杀灭江滩钉螺的效果观察

氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉剂是新近研制的一种高效新型杀螺剂。为进一步观察评价其江滩现场灭螺效果，2007年春季，我们进行了灭螺对比试验并取得了较为满意的结果。     

Dot—ELISA早期鉴别阳性钉螺的实验研究

抗血吸虫单克隆抗体应用于Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测钉螺体内血吸虫抗原，并同时镜检作为对照，结果显示阳性钉螺７２只，螺体内血吸虫抗原阳性率为９５．８０％。感染其他寄生虫钉螺８只，无感染钉螺２７０只均呈阴性反应。实验感染钉螺后，逐周取样３０只，感染３周阳性钉螺体内血吸虫抗原的阳性检出率为７０％，以及逐周提高，５周为８３．３３％，８周为９６．６７％，提示该法有早期鉴别阳性钉螺的效能。