糖尿病合并脑血管病的护理体会

本文选择1997年12月至1998年6月,对35例糖尿病合并脑血管病患者进行护理。体会是多数是因血糖控制不准、糖尿病病史较长、合并症较多、病情复杂,护理重点:1.饮食护理2.皮肤护理3.预防感染4.使用胰岛素治疗观察护理1一般资料1.1在我院住院的糖尿病合并脑血管病患者,为护理观察对     

丰泽区慢病现况调查

目的：了解本社区部分慢性病流行状况及影响因素，用于社区制定干预措施和效果评价．方法：采用整群抽样的方法，在本区内随机抽取3个社区为调查点，进行入户调查，并进行统计分析．结果：本社区优先干预的疾病是心血管疾病，尤其是高血压，位居疾病谱首位．慢性病发病率随年龄增长而升高。行为危险因素越多慢病的发病率越高．结论：本社区应优先干预的是高血压病，采取社区一般人群健康教育，个性化患者管理和高危人群健康生活指导与干预为主要手段的高血压防治，减少或延缓心血管事件等并发症的发生。     

慢性肝炎与肝硬化的中医诊治

慢性肝炎包括病毒性肝炎中的乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎,以及自身免疫性肝炎、酒精性肝炎、药物中毒性肝炎等,其中以慢性病毒性乙型肝炎最为重要,该病是HBV感染后的一种严重结果,据估计约有15%～25%的慢性乙型肝炎患者将过早地死于肝硬化或肝癌.肝硬化则是各种慢性肝炎发展的结局,肝组织病理学表现为弥漫性肝纤维化及结节形成,二者必须同时具备才能诊断.根据肝脏炎症活动情况,临床常分为活动性肝硬化和静止性肝硬化两类.     

Neuroprotective effect of estrogen after chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats

BACKGROUND: At present, there is still lack of effective drugs for chronic spinal cord injury, whereas it is found recently that estrogen has a neuroprotective effect on brain and spinal cord injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of estrogen on the apoptosis of nerve cells after gradual chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial. SETTING: Institute of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. MATERIALS: Sixty-five female Wistar rats of common degree, weighing 220–250 g, were provided by the experimental animal center of Lanzhou University. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n =5), estrogen-treated group (n =30) and saline control group (n =30), and the latter two groups were observed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days respectively, and 5 rats for each time point. METHODS: All the rats were treated with bilateral oophorectomy 2 weeks before the experiment. T10 vertebral lamina was revolved into using plastic screw. The spinal canal impingement was not induced initially. After that, the original incision was opened to expose the screw every 7–10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The apoptosis and Caspase-3 positive cells in the damaged spinal cord were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days after chronic spinal cord injury respectively. RESULTS: Totally 65 rats were used, and the deleted ones during the experiment were supplemented by others. Changes of Caspase-3 expression after spinal cord injury: In the sham-operated group, only a small amount of Caspase-3 proteins were observed in the rat spinal cord, mainly located in motor neurons of spinal cord anterior horn. In the estrogen-treated group and saline control group, positive cells expressed occasionally at 1 day postoperatively, began to increase obviously at 7 days after injury, strongly expressed at 14 and 28 days, but decreased at 60 days, mainly located in the neurons of spinal cord gray matter anterior horn, and they expressed fewer in the motor neurons and white matter of ventral horn, and there were obvious differences between the estrogen-treated group and saline control group at 7, 14, 28 and 60 days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Estrogen can reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells and promote the recovery of neurological function following gradual chronic spinal cord injury.     

实验大白鼠慢性弓形虫病调查

一次病理生理实验课,我们小组做脑动脉空气栓塞实验,做完实验取大白鼠脑组织作病理切片观察,意外地发现4只大白鼠中有1只的脑有大量弓形虫包囊(Toxoplasmabradyzoite,cyst),这是慢性弓形虫病的表现。其中至少有3个问题要考虑:①实验动物不应有慢性病,否则实验数据就不可能准确,有碍科研;②弓形虫可通过动物传染给人导致疾病,是一种人兽共患病,实验者接触感染动物有可能被传染;③传染源不消除,则有可能造成动物或人群疾病流行,不可不防。为了摸清情况决定作一次实地调查研究。1材料及方法随机取实验用大白鼠的全脑50个,包括大小脑及脑干,用1…     

北京市东城区和平里社区居民慢性病防治探讨

为探索慢性病的防治方法，我们于１９８９￣１９９４年社区居民中开展了以高血压为主的循环系统慢性病防治课题，经过５年的干预，观察组与对照组居民及接受管理的高血压病人在减少吸烟，饮酒，控制食盐摄入，掌握慢性病防治知识等方面有显著性差异，取得了满意的结果，从而为今后全面开展慢性病防治积累了经验。     

开肺宣郁汤治疗慢性胃炎137例

采用开肺宣郁汤(粉甘草、秋桔梗、川郁金、炒枳壳、炙杷叶、炙紫菀)治疗慢性胃炎137例,总有效率为94.89%。提示本方有降肺气、行气郁作用。     

胃食管反流疾病的长期治疗策略

胃食管反流疾病(GORD)的流行在发达国家日益增加。现有研究表明，约有15％的人至少每周发生一次胃灼热。尽管强效抗酸分泌药物可为食管病人提供极好的愈合率，但胃食管反流疾病却仍为一种慢性的、复发性疾病。     

鸡血藤在慢性病中的应用

鸡血藤为豆科攀援灌木密豆花的藤茎,主产于广西。性温,归肝经,具有行血补血,调经,舒筋活络之功效。笔者用其治疗多种慢性病,均获满意疗效。1慢性食道炎患者,男,46岁,农民,已婚,2000年5月15日就诊。自诉从1995年2月起,饮食难以下咽,吞咽时疼痛,常伴呕吐食物,症状时轻时重。纤维胃镜检查发现:食管中下段黏膜水肿,红白相间,并见红色斑点及黄白色分泌物,诊断为食道炎。查体消瘦,面色萎黄,语声低弱,舌淡少津,苔微黄而厚,脉细涩。证属噎膈,乃痰瘀搏结日久,致气血不足,津亏肠燥。治当益气生津,开郁逐瘀化痰。自拟方:鸡血藤30g,沙参15g,天花粉20g,当…