低碳水化合食物可降低心血管疾病的危险

新的研究表明,用含蛋白质与不饱和脂肪的食物部分替代碳水化合物,可降低血压,降低血脂水平。对减少心血管疾病危险有益。减少饱和脂肪的摄入对预防心血管疾病的意义已得到证实。对一组进食低饱和脂肪食物的人群,如果它们的饮食结构不相同,亦将会得出不同的结果,这项研究是将它们的饮食结构分成三组。第一组:吃高碳水化合物食物;第二组:吃高蛋白食物(其中一半为植物蛋白);第三组:吃高不饱和脂肪食物(其中一半为单不饱和胞肪)。三组均控制总热量以维持体重,持续观察3年。     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制的探讨

目的 探讨罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用机制。方法 将大鼠分为正常组、糖尿病组、小剂量罗格列酮组、大剂量罗格列酮组。药物干预4周后，检测各组大鼠的血糖（BS）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、肌酐（Scr）水平及尿白蛋白定量（24h）。随后处死大鼠，测定肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu-ZnSOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）、核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）的活性。同时留取。肾脏组织作PAS染色行病理检查。RT-PCR和免疫组化法检测。肾组织中单核细胞化学吸引蛋白质1（MCP-1）mRNA及蛋白质的表达。结果 与糖尿病组相比，大剂量罗格列酮干预组BS、TC、TG差异无统计学意义；而。肾组织MDA含量、MCP-1mRNA及蛋白质表达、NF-κB活性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC活性显著上升；肾小球面积及体积减小。结论大剂量的罗格列酮可显著改善糖尿病大鼠的。肾脏损害，其机制可能与其抗氧化，抑制NF-κB活性，降低MCP-1的含量有关。     

高糖对大鼠系膜细胞肝细胞生长因子受体表达的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察高糖作用下大鼠系膜细胞(MsC)肝细胞生长因子（HGF）受体c-Met的表达，并探讨其机制和意义。 方法 用RT-PCR和Western 印迹方法检测高糖作用大鼠MsC的不同时间点（0、12、24、48、96 h）c-Met的表达。分别用光辉霉素A（mithramycin A）和SU11274抑制转录因子Sp1的DNA结合活性和阻断c-Met。用电泳迁移率改变实验(EMSA)观察Sp1与c-Met基因启动子的结合活性。以荧光探剂二氯双氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)捕获细胞内活性氧。 结果 大鼠MsC的c-Met表达在高糖作用12、24和48 h都明显上升，96 h开始下降。光辉霉素A呈浓度依赖性抑制高糖作用下大鼠MsC的c-Met表达上调。大鼠MsC内Sp1与c-Met基因启动子的结合活性在高糖作用下明显增强。HGF及c-Met显著抑制高糖诱导的大鼠MsC内活性氧的增多。 结论 高糖作用下大鼠MsC的c-Met表达增强，其机制可能是通过Sp1介导。HGF-c-Met信号通路激活能抑制高糖所致大鼠MsC内的氧化应激反应。     

从中药穿山甲受热后活性成分变化看其内服方法

穿山甲功效为活血、下乳、消肿、排脓。目前复方中，穿山甲与其它药物同煎内服。现代中药研究表明：穿山甲所含化学成分主要为蛋白质、氨基酸，其中蛋白质含量为92．6％。受热后，蛋白质易变性。氨基酸易分解，导致二者的生物活性改变，疗效亦显著降低。穿山甲在剥离和炮制时已做了热处理。因此复方中的穿山甲不应再与其它药物同时煎煮。而应粉成细末后冲服。     

血脂康对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白、血脂蛋白的影响

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)、血脂水平变化及血脂康的干预情况。方法69例ACS患者随机分为血脂康组(40例)和常规治疗组(29例),治疗前后分别测定Hs-CRP、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);另30名健康人为对照组。结果与对照组比较,ACS患者Hs-CRP水平明显升高,且与心肌损害程度密切相关。血脂康治疗2周,能明显下调ACS患者的Hs-CRP水平。结论血清Hs-CRP水平与ACS的发生、严重程度密切相关,血脂康的抗炎作用在ACS的早期治疗中有重要意义。     

急性心肌梗死患者血清锌浓度的测定与意义

锌是参与核酸与蛋白质合成、细胞分裂和伤口愈合的多种酶和激素的重要成分。有学者认为急性心肌梗死（AMI）发生后血清锌浓度降低是由于大量的锌参与心肌修复所致，也有学者认为血清锌降低是疾病中的一种应激反应。为探讨AMI与血清中锌浓度之间的关系，我们对93例AMI患者血清锌浓度进行了检测，并与健康对照组做比较分析。     

力量型运动员蛋白质代谢特点及补充

根据国内外多年来对力量型运动员蛋白质代谢的特点和对运动员增加蛋白质摄入量的大量实验研究结果,对力量型运动员是否需增加蛋白质的摄入量、增加多少为宜以及高蛋白膳食应注意的问题等方面进行探讨。     

小心饮食为春困雪上加霜

春天伊始，和风送暖，这时很多人会出现一种困乏无力、提不起精神、懒洋洋的现象。这就是人们常说的春困。多吃些胡萝卜、白菜、柑橘等含有大量的维生素食品，摄取足够的蛋白质，有助于提高人的精力。可有些食物也容易引起人们困顿，如多吃了就会使春困雪上加霜。以下三类食物就应该少吃：     

神经外科：颅脑外伤

持续腰大池脑脊液引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的疗效观察；高压氧对重型脑损伤患者C-反应蛋白的影响；颅脑损伤急性期C-反应蛋白的动态变化及其与临床和CT的关系；原发性脑创伤后人脑皮层差异蛋白质组研究；外源性镁离子对重型颅脑创伤患者的治疗作用……[编者按]