经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

肝硬化患者的一日三餐,你了解吗

我国是肝病大国,肝硬化仍是临床常见病,其中病毒性肝炎所致的肝硬化最为多见,其具有一定传染性。但随着现代医学的发展,各种疫苗的相继问世,我国病毒性肝炎及其所致肝硬化的发病率也在逐年降低,然而其他病因所致的肝硬化,如酒精性肝病、自身免疫性肝病以及脂肪性肝炎等相关的肝硬化患者则越来越多见。     

胃癌不同重建方式对生存质量的影响

目的 探索胃癌不同消化道重建对术后生存质量的影响,为评价胃癌术后不同消化道重建方式的特点以及生存质量的客观指标提供科学依据。方法 纳入资阳市第一人民医院及绵阳四0四医院2012年1月至2013年12月经胃镜确诊为进展期胃癌患者122例,根据不同病变部位与不同重建方式分成A、B、C三组,A组28例,为胃下部癌行毕Ⅰ式消化道重建; B组58例,以贲门和胃小弯等为主的胃上部癌,其中全胃切除35例,胃部分切除23例,均施行空肠代胃调节型双通道消化道重建; C组36例,以胃中上部癌为主,全胃切除25例,胃部分切除11例,该组为不通过十二指肠通的重建术式。采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC) QLQ-C30、QLQ-STO22生活量表评分,比较三种术式间生存质量。结果 三组间在整体生存质量、食欲丧失、吞咽困难、反流、饮食受限、味觉方面比较,P<0. 05,差异有统计学意义,进行两两比较后:A、B组之间均P>0. 05; B、C组之间P<0. 05; A、C间食欲丧失、反流、饮食受限、味觉,P<0. 05。结论 调节型双通道消化道重建,其生存质量优于毕Ⅰ式及不经十二指肠方法,可以大大减少患者的不良反应,早期提高患者的生存质量。     

贝伐单抗联合SOX化疗对Ⅲ～Ⅳ期胃癌患者血清肿瘤标志物及生存质量的影响

目的探究贝伐单抗联合SOX化疗对Ⅲ～Ⅳ期胃癌患者血清肿瘤标志物及生存质量的影响。方法选取我院2017年2月～2019年3月收治的Ⅲ～Ⅳ期胃癌患者78例,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组和观察组各39例。对照组给予SOX化疗治疗,观察组给予贝伐单抗、SOX化疗联合治疗。对比两组疗效及治疗前后生存质量调查问卷(QOL)评分,观察比较两组血清肿瘤标志物水平:糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199),观察比较两组基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率为79.49%,高于对照组的56.41%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组QOL评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组血清CA72-4、CEA、CA199水平较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组血清MMP-2、MMP-9水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论Ⅲ～Ⅳ期胃癌患者采用贝伐单抗、SOX化疗联合治疗,可降低血清肿瘤标志物及MMP-2、MMP-9水平,改善生存质量,疗效显著。     

中药穴位贴敷神阙穴对胃癌术后患者胃肠功能的影响观察

目的:观察中药穴位贴敷神阙穴对胃癌术后患者胃肠功能的影响。方法:选取80例胃癌术后患者作为观察对象,依据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予中药贴敷神阙穴治疗,比较两组胃肠功能恢复情况及贴敷前后单项症状积分、胃肠激素水平的变化情况。结果:观察组排气时间、排便时间及肠鸣音恢复正常时间均明显短于对照组,胃液引流量明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);贴敷后观察组恶心、乏力、嗳气、腹胀及腹痛积分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);贴敷后观察组血浆胃动素水平明显高于对照组,血浆血管活性肠肽水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中药穴位贴敷神阙穴用于胃癌术后患者,可促使患者早日恢复胃肠功能,有效改善临床症状,提高预后。     

不可切除胃癌转化治疗的研究进展

胃癌在全国范围内是发病率最高的恶性肿瘤之一，在癌症相关死亡原因中排名第三。目前外科手术仍然是胃癌获得根治性治疗的主要手段，但是其中有30%~40%的进展期胃癌患者在初诊时就失去了根治手术的机会，因此不可切除胃癌转化为可切除胃癌是患者获得"治愈"的最佳选择。随着近些年来新型药物的出现、治疗手段的多样化及多学科诊治模式的发展，"转化治疗"的理念应运而生，从而延长患者生存时间并提高其生活质量。本文就不可切除胃癌的治疗现状与进展、"转化治疗"的应用等进行综述。