确保安全的未来：安全管理系统的作用

从历史上看，总是围绕着通过调查飞机事故中得到的经验教训来改善航空安全，近来当人们认识到飞行事故原因中还有组织方面的因素时，努力的方向已转向发展安全管理系统上。安全管理系统是设计用来减少航空安全组织结构上的威胁或危险因素。系统地确定组织中的危险，收集与这些危险有关的数据，制订战略用以减少或消灭最严重的危险，并观察这些战略的效果，组织可以减少事故的发生。     

甲氨喋呤过敏2例

甲氨喋呤其化学结构与叶酸相似，是叶酸分子4位羟基和N10位上的H分别由-NH2和-CH3所取代，对二氢叶酸还原酶具有强大而持久的抑制作用，可以影响核酸的生物合成。作为免疫抑制剂，皮肤科临床常用于严重的银屑病、红斑狼疮、天疱疮等疾病。我们于1999-2008年诊治甲氨喋呤过敏患者2例，现报告于下，以引起同行注意。     

奇正消痛贴膏治疗膝骨关节炎60例

<正>骨关节炎(OA)是一种常见的退行性骨关节疾病,严重影响老年人的生活质量。随着人口结构的改变和预期寿命的延长,OA已成为广泛关注的社会卫生问题[1]。我院应用奇正消痛贴膏治疗OA患者60例,收到了较好的临床疗效,现报道如下:     

外伤性颅内血肿扩大与解剖结构的关系分析

我科自2003年至2005年收治了130例颅内血肿，并对颅内血肿的扩大与解剖结构的关系进行了分析。     

瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞基因学研究

瘢痕疙瘩是皮肤创伤愈合过程中成纤维细胞过度增殖和胶原过度合成所致，近年来，很多实验发现瘢痕疙瘩表现为成纤维细胞的过度增殖与低凋亡的特性，导致局部细胞沉积，形成瘤样增生。但是成纤维细胞本身是否异常尚不清楚。近年来许多研究表明，瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞过度增殖和胶原过度合成的原因可能与基因的结构异常及功能异常有关。多个基因表达及其相互之问信息传递及调控上的某种异常可能是引起成纤维细胞过度增殖和胶原过度合成的原因。现将近年来从基因学角度对成纤维细胞的研究做一综述。     

降结肠破裂误诊误治1例

降结肠破裂多由外伤等多种原因引起，目前自发性降结肠破裂已非常少见，就其解剖结构和内容物特点，临床上易误诊漏诊，笔者曾遇到1例，现报告如下。     

口腔颌面部损伤216例治疗体会

口腔颌面部是人体的暴露部分,易遭受损伤.近年来随着社会的发展,口腔颌面部损伤的发病率呈稳步上升的趋势.由于口腔颌面部解剖结构特殊,生理功能复杂,与容貌的美观密切相关,因此,在处理口腔颌面部损伤时,尽可能减少口腔颌面部畸形和维护生理功能有十分重要的意义.本院自1994年10月至2003年10月,共收治口腔颌面部损伤216例,现将治疗体会报告如下.     

青光眼滤过手术对眼部结构和功能的影响

在以往的一个半世纪里，青光眼滤过手术先后经历了虹膜嵌顿术、全层小梁切除术、保护性板层小梁切除术、改良的小梁切除术及术中联合使用抗代谢药物等不同阶段，无数青光眼患者术后眼压得以有效控制，维持了残存的视功能。随着社会的发展，人们对生活质量的要求逐渐提高，治疗青光眼的目的不再是单一控制眼压，而是全方位维持与改善视觉质量和生活质量。滤过手术后由于破坏了眼球壁生理结构的完整性，且非生理性滤过泡隆起于眼表，故眼局部组织的结构和功能受到一定的影响。近10年来，眼科学界对此问题进行了大量研究，现综述如下。     

“筋”理论探析

中医“筋”是人体结构的组成部分，具有一定的生理病理特性。“筋”早在在《易经》中已出现。《灵枢》把筋归于“五体”之一，为构成人身形体的重要组成部分。《内经》中宗筋有狭义和广义之分，狭义者为前阴之代称，广义者指诸筋所聚之处。爪甲在解剖组织虽不能与“筋”完全等同，但因其在功能上与筋具有统一性。可以归属于中医“筋”的范畴，其发生病变时可以考虑从筋论治。     

Effect of curcumin on nitric oxide synthase expression in Iipopolysaccharide-activated microglia cells and the anti-oxidative effect of curcumin

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that curcumin can increase the activities of various anti-oxidase in blood and tissue, effectively eliminate various free radicals, reduce the production of peroxisome, and alleviate oxidative stress reaction. Whether it has the same effect on microglia? OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of curcumin on the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in microglial cell line BV stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DESIGN: An observational comparative study. SETTING: Research Room of Biochemistry, Medical College of Nantong University. MATERIALS: Mice microglia cell line BV, iNOS and NF-κB reporter gene plasmids were presented by Dr. Bhat.NR. from the Medical University of South Carolina (USA). Curcumin was produced by the Xi'an Branch of China Chengdu Scholar Bio-Tech. Co.,Ltd.; LPS (E.Coli O26:B6), anti-mice iNOS monoclonal antibody, horseradish peroxidase labeled goat-anti-mice IgG were the products of Sigma Company (USA). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Research Room of Biochemistry, Medical College of Nantong University from May 2006 to April 2007. ① Detection of iNOS: The cells were seeded onto 24-well plate at the density of 1×105, After the cells had adhered to the cover glasses, the cells were grouped as negative control group (the primary antibody was replaced by phosphate buffered solution PBS); normal control group (the cells were normally cultured); LPS-treated group (the cells were treated with LPS for 24 hours); curcumin+LPS group (the cells were treated with curcumin for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours). The expressions of iNOS protein were detected with immunocytochemical staining. ② Determination of iNOS and NF-κB gene activities: According to the introduction of the kit for transfection, iNOS or NF-κB report gene plasmids were transiently transfected with LipofectamineTM2000 liposomes into the cells in the 24-well plate for 24 hours. The cells were divided into normal control group (the cells were normally cultured after transfected with report gene plasmids); blank plasmid group (the cells were normally cultured after transfected with blank plasmids); LPS-treated group (the cells were treated with LPS for 4 hours after transfected with report gene plasmids); curcumin+LPS group (the cells were treated with curcumin for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours after transfected with report gene plasmids). The content of luciferase in the cell lysis buffer was determined after cell lysis. ③ Determination of SOD activity: The cells were seeded into culture bottle at the density of 1×106, and the divided into four groups, including normal control group (the cells were normally cultured); LPS-treated group (the cells were treated with LPS for 24 hours); curcumin+LPS group (the cells were treated with curcumin for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours); vitamin C+LPS group (the cells were treated with vitamin C for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours). The SOD activity was determined with xanthine oxidase and quantitative colorimetric assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of iNOS protein, iNOS and NF-κB, and the activity of SOD were observed. RESULTS: ① Expression of iNOS protein in microglia: The expression of iNOS protein in the LPS-treated group was obviously higher than that in the negative control group (P < 0.01); Those in the curcumin+LPS group were significantly decreased as compared with that in the LPS-treated group (P < 0.01). ② Expressions of iNOS and NF-κB genes: The expressions of iNOS and NF-κB genes in the LPS-treated group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P < 0.01); Those in the curcumin+LPS group were significantly lower than those in the LPS-treated group (P < 0.01). ③ SOD activity: The activity of SOD in the LPS-treated group was significantly lower than those in the normal control group (P < 0.01). It in the curcumin+LPS group and vitamin C +LPS group was significantly higher than that in the LPS-treated group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Curcumin could inhibit the expression of iNOS in the activated microglia, and it also has the abilities in eliminating free radicals and antagonizing lipid peroxidation.