豚鼠内耳磁微粒栓塞缺血模型初探

OBJECTIVE: To set up an inner ear ischemic model in guinea pig with ferromagnetic embolism. METHODS: A magnet was fitted in the external auditory canal and carbonyl iron filings (1%, 1 ml/kg) was injected into jugular, then the inner ear vessels were obstructed by ferromagnetic spheres. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) and number of red blood cells in the stria vessels were used to detect the model's ischemia of cochleae. The slice of temple bone and basal membrane stained by silver nitrate were used for inner ear's histopathological observations. RESULTS: The iron spheres were amassed in the one and two-day-later's model of inner ear vessels, which resulted in embolism. The number of red blood cells in the stria vessels decreased and then recovered to normal level after 4 days, but the CBF decreased to 50% +/- 10% of basic level immediately and recovered to 99% +/- 41% 4 days later. Scattered lesion of out hair cell cilium could be seen in cochleae in eight-day-later's model, and degenerations in different degree were found in vascular stria. CONCLUSION: The methods of inner ear ischemic model with ferromagnetic embolism could be practical and the decrease of CBF was reversible, so it may be an ideal model for studying some ischemic inner ear diseases and evaluating the effects of therapeutic drugs.     

关于急性脑梗死溶栓治疗研究中的几个关键问题

溶栓治疗能迅速、直接地再通阻塞血管，恢复灌注，从而有效缩小梗死面积甚至阻止梗死进一步形成，因此，早期溶栓治疗可能会成为急性脑梗死最重要的治疗方法。因为溶栓治疗涉及的时间窗、溶栓后缺血／再灌注损伤等并发症问题，限制了其广泛应用；而且脑梗死溶栓治疗临床研究设立对照组困难，其基础研究就显得尤为重要。目前溶栓研究中存在动物模型制备、溶栓治疗时机、     

新胆碱酯酶抑制剂对实验性重症肌无力的治疗作用

本文应用实验性重症肌无力模型研究了7种新的胆碱酯酶抑制剂对实验性重症肌无力的治疗作用,其中包括6种二甲氨基甲酸烷氧(烷硫)基苯酯及1种中草药提取物,大多数化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶有较强的抑制作用,并见到有不同程度的治疗效果。二甲氨基甲酸-3-叔丁基-4〔2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基〕苯酯不仅明显改善肌无力症状,而且毒性小、副作用较新斯的明轻,值得进一步研究。     

急性软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型的研究

本文报道应用高分子右旋糖酐制成软脑膜微循环障碍的动物实验模型。软脑膜微循环障碍模型的标志;软脑膜微血管血流速度减慢,血液流态呈粒状流或絮状流,血细胞聚集。 将98只家兔分成甲、乙二组。甲组38只,静脉注射平均分子量为25万的高分子右旋糖酐,乙组60只,静脉注射平均分子量为49万的高分子右旋糖酐。实验结果发现,甲组38只家兔仅28只可复制成软脑膜微循环障碍的实验模型,模型复制成功率为73.6％;乙组60只家兔,59只可形成软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型,成功率为98.3％。本实验证明复制动物模型以49万分子量的高分子有旋糖酐为宜。 本实验模型可用于脑微循环障碍和改善脑微循环药物的研究工作。     

实验性腹主动脉瘤瘤体外径与iNOS相关性分析及分期研究

Objective To construct new model of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and detect the AAA outer diameter and the change of induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the abdominal aor-tic aneurysm in different period,and analysis the correlation between experimental AAA and iNOS.Methods During the operation of the experiment group,the vascular prosthesis of PTFE was implanted to the rabbit abdominal aorta to form an aneurysm,while sham operation was done in the control group.The tissue of ab-dominal aortic aneurysm was harvested in 1 d,7d,14d,and 28d after operation,respectively.The tissue bo-mogenate concentration of iNOS in the abdominal aortic aneurysm were detected by enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In experimental group,mean concentration of the tissue bomogenate concentration of iNOS in the abdominal aortic aneurysm in 1 d,7 d,14 d,28 d were (22.129 ±2.518)μ/mL,(27.337±5.321) μ/mL,(36.047±4.584)μ/mL,(44.756±1.799)μ/mL,respectively;In control group,that was (12.499±1.807)μ/mL.The concentration of iNOS in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01).The difference during the experimental group all had statisti-cal significance (P < 0.05).Conclusion It is possible that iNOS has some biological function during the formation and progression of the abdominal aortic aneurysm.     

壳聚糖神经干细胞复合物修复大鼠完全性脊髓损伤的组织学观察

目的：探讨壳聚糖与神经干细胞复合物修复成年SD大鼠完全性脊髓损伤的可行性。方法：制作大鼠脊髓完全缺损模型，在形成的缺损中植入壳聚糖与神经干细胞复合物(实验组)，或只植入壳聚糖(对照组)，或不加任何材料(空白组)，术后2、4、8周灌注取材，观察结果。结果：壳聚糖与神经干细胞复合物在植入SD大鼠脊髓完全缺损模型后，能桥接缺损两端脊髓；其内的神经干细胞能存活、迁移并分化成多种形态的神经组织细胞，并诱导神经轴突向复合材料内生长。结论：壳聚糖与神经干细胞复合物有可能桥接并修复大鼠脊髓完全缺损性损伤。     

三种实验性IgA肾病模型的比较

目的探讨建立一种理想的IgA肾病（IgAN）动物模型方法。方法分别采用葡聚糖G200、大肠杆菌外膜蛋白和金葡菌的细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇诱导小鼠IgA肾病模型。用分子生物学和病理学方法对3组IgAN模型小鼠进行鉴定和比较。结果（1）葡聚糖组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示部分肾小球大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，肝和脾可见弥漫性的粉染物质沉积；电镜下肾小球系膜区少量低电子密度的致密沉积物，肝和脾可见淀粉丝样物质沉积。（2）大肠杆菌外膜蛋白组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示肾小球有少量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞轻度增多，间质炎细胞浸润明显；电镜下肾小球系膜区无电子致密沉积物。（3）金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示多数肾小球均可见大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，伴系膜基质轻度增生；电镜下肾小球系膜区和基底膜的内皮细胞下可见高电子密度的致密沉积物。结论金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组诱导的IgAN模型从临床表现和病理学变化与人IgAN极其相似，是3种IgAN模型中最理想的IgAN模型。     

股骨头骨坏死样本空间结构的Micro-CT评估

目的以股骨头骨坏死样本的Micro-CT断层图像为基础，对其进行空间结构评估。方法2003年11月～2005年6月，收集股骨头骨坏死患者行全髋关节置换术时取出的股骨头样本6个，对样本进行Micro-CT断层扫描，获取股骨头骨坏死样本的计算机三维图像，图像空间分辨率为36μm×36μm×36μm。手工选取兴趣区，随后采用骨体积分数（BV／TV）、骨小梁间隙（Tb．Sp）、骨小梁厚度（Tb，Th）、骨小梁数目（Tb．N）、骨表面积体积比（BS／BV）、结构模型指数（SMI）、骨小梁模型因子（Tb．Pf）等三维空间参数分别对股骨头骨坏死标本的正常区域、硬化带和塌陷区进行评价。结果晚期股骨头骨坏死硬化区和塌陷区的骨小梁空间结构明显改变：硬化区Bv／Tv明显增加，Tb．Th明显增厚，Tb，Sp变窄，SMI与正常区域的骨小梁无差别；而塌陷区Bv／Tv明显减少，BS／BV增大，Tb．N和Tb．Pf增加，Tb，Th改变不明显。结论Micro-CT作为一种新的检测手段，能够在不损伤样本的条件下快速获取股骨头骨坏死样本断层图像，具有精度高、检测快、可进行三维重建分析的优点。晚期股骨头骨坏死不同区域的骨三维结构呈现出不同的空间结构特征。