汤岗子矿泉浴对大鼠血液皮质醇及甲状腺素日生物周期节律影响的实验观察

本文报告大鼠分别在6时、12时、18时、24时接受汤岗子矿泉38～39℃浸浴15分钟后,立即断头取血测定血液皮质醇及甲状腺素(T_4)。在6时、24时的矿泉浸浴组大鼠血浆皮质醇比对照组明显升高。在12时、18时矿泉浸浴组大鼠血清T_4比对照组明显升高。说明肾上腺皮质及甲状腺功能对全身矿泉浸浴热刺激的反应也遵循日周期节律。为矿泉治疗的时间生物学理论提供依据。     

Increased reactivity to chemical but not to heat noxious stimuli in mice producing anti-idiotypic antibodies for substance P

Mice immunized against anti-substance P (anti-SP) monoclonal antibodies produced anti-SP anti-idiotypic antibodies (SPAb2). In a previous report. SPAb2 antibodies were found to have in vitro biological activity i.e. to behave either as agonists or as antagonists for substance P (SP) depending on the biological test. In this study, the involvement of SPAb2 in vivo biological activity has been tested. Because of the possible implication of SP in the generation and transmission of nociceptive information, we have tested the responsiveness of SPAb2 responding mice in behavioral nociceptive tests. SPAb2 mice showed very small behavioral variations in the hot plate test as compared with a control group of mice immunized against an unrelated monoclonal antibody. In the formalin test, however, SPAb2 mice displayed a significant increase in paw licking time, which was significantly correleted with SPAb2 serum concentration. These results are discussed in terms of the use of SPAb2 as pharmacological tools for studying the biological properties of SP receptors and more generally of auto anti-idiotypic antibodies in modulating behavior responses.     

亚低温治疗高温高湿环境下重型颅脑损伤的临床护理

目的 探讨亚低温治疗高温高湿环境下重型颅脑损伤的护理方法。方法 高温高湿环境下的重型颅脑损伤患者60例，随机分为亚低温治疗组和对照组。规范护理程序，严密观察病人生命体征变化，采取积极护理措施，减少并发症。结果 亚低温治疗24h后颅内压逐渐下降，脑组织PO2逐渐上升，伤后3个月亚低温治疗组的良好率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05），而死亡率明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 精心护理有助于改善亚低温治疗的高温高湿环境下重型颅脑损伤病人的预后。     

高温高湿环境下守岛官兵训练时脑血流和脑电生理的变化研究

目的 探讨高温高湿环境下守岛官兵训练前后脑血流和脑电生理的变化,为临床防治热致疾病提供依据.方法 从守岛官兵中随机抽取在常温常湿环境下温度(27.40±1.37)℃,湿度(50.25±6.76)%]新兵100名为常温新兵组,高温高湿环境下(温度≥35℃,湿度≥80%)新兵100名为高温新兵组;高温高湿环境下服役2～3 年的官兵100名为高温老兵组.受试者负重15 kg,分次在3000 m/15 min,5000 m/30 min和10 000 m/45 min内完成跑步训练.10 000 m训练后,根据受试者脑血流高低又分为脑血流增高组(24名)、脑血流降低组(46名)和脑血流正常组(230名).训练前后行经颅多普勒血流诊断仪和脑电图仪检测.结果 (1)3000 m训练后3组受试官兵脑平均血流速度(Vm)较训练前均显著增高(P＜0.01),但5000 m和10 000 m训练后,常温新兵组降低6%和16%,高温老兵组降低5%和15%,高温新兵组降低14%和31%,比常温新兵组和高温老兵组低(P＜0.01);(2)10 000 m训练前后3组脑电图均在正常范围,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);(3)10 000 m训练后脑血流增高组和降低组脑电图比正常血流组活跃(P＜0.01).结论 高温高湿环境下10 000 m训练对官兵的脑血流有较大的影响,但对脑电生理无影响,老兵在此环境下则表现出较好的热耐受力和适应性.     

Efficacy and tolerability of estraderm MX, a new estradiol matrix patch

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of a new matrix patch delivering 0.05 mg estradiol per day (Estraderm MX 50) in postmenopausal women with moderate to severe postmenopausal symptoms. Methods: A multicenter, double-blin, randomized, between-patient, placebo controlled trial in 109 postmenopausal women was carried out. Patches were applied twice weekly for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in mean number of moderate to severe hot flushes (including night sweats) per 24 h during the last 2 weeks of treatment. Other variables included Kupperman Index, local and systemic tolerability. Plasma concentrations of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estrone sulfate (E1S) were determined before and after treatment. Results: Estraderm MX was significantly superior to placebo (P < 0.001) in reducing mean number of moderate to severe hot flushes (including night sweats) per 24 h after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. The estimate of treatment group differences after 12 weeks was 4.2 hot flushes (95% confidence interval: 2.6–5.5). Estraderm MX also significantly reduced Kupperman Index at all time points compared to placebo (P < 0.001). Estraderm MX induced increases in mean E2, E1 and E1S plasma levels as expected (E2: baseline 2.7 pg/ml, 12 weeks 38.9 pg/ml; E1: baseline 18.8 pg/ml, 12 weeks 41.6 pg/ml; E1S: baseline 235.6 pg/ml, 12 weeks 765.1 pg/ml). Overall rates of adverse experiences were similar for Estraderm MX and placebo. The number of patients reporting skin irritation was low and similar in both groups. Conclusions: Estraderm MX 50, a new matrix patch, offers an effective and well tolerated dosage form for transdermal delivery of 0.05 mg E2 per day.     

Laboratory and Ambulatory Monitoring of Menopausal Hot Flashes

A large increase in skin conductance activity recorded from the sternum was found during menopausal hot flashes and corresponded well with patient self-reports. The magnitude and time course of this skin conductance change was similar during spontaneous hot flashes recorded in the laboratory, during heat-induced hot flashes, and during those recorded by ambulatory monitoring techniques. This pattern of sternal skin conductance change did not occur in premenopausal women during body heating or ambulatory monitoring. These methods should be useful in research on the etiology and treatment of menopausal hot flashes.     

Thyroid carcinoma mimicking a toxic adenoma

A young woman with a thyroid papillary carcinoma behaving as an autonomously hyperfunctioning nodule is described. Only 17 similar patients have been seen in the past 25 years. It is emphasized that hyperthyroidism does not exclude malignant disease in hot nodules. This possibility suggests that all thyroid nodules, either cold or hot, require careful management. Therefore, in at risk cases, surgery could be the most useful treatment.     

Effects of morphine and naloxone on behaviour in the hot plate test: an ethopharmacological study in the rat

The objectives of this study were: i) to analyse the effects of morphine and naloxone on the rat's behaviour in the hot plate test using an ethological approach, and ii) to compare the effectiveness of repeated versus single test paradigms. Animals received either morphine (0, 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg SC) or naloxone (0, 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg SC). For repeated hot plate measures, rats were tested before and 60, 120, 180 and 240 min following morphine treatment, as well as 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after naloxone injection. For the single test schedule, rats were tested only once 60 min after morphine or 30 min after naloxone administration, or at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after 9 mg/kg morphine treatment. Behaviour was videotaped and analysed by an ethogram and ethological techniques. A cluster analysis revealed that the most frequently displayed patterns could be categorised into exploratory sniffing reactions (walk-sniff, immobile-sniff) and noxious-evoked elements, including primary (paw-licking, stamping), escape (jumping, leaning posture) and independent (hindleg-withdrawal) patterns. During repeated tests, morphine treatment induced: i) a maximum hypoalgesic effect 60 min post-injection (noxious-evoked patterns were significantly reduced), and ii) an unexpected thermal hyperreactivity rebound effect after 120 min (paw-licking and hindleg-withdrawal were enhanced), although changes in hindpaw-licking are more indicative of a hyperalgesic rebound effect. Most changes were quite similar during the single test schedule at 60 and 120 min after morphine injection. With regard to naloxone treatment, jumping latency was significantly decreased during the repeated test schedule, but not on single exposure to the plate. Other elements were facilitated, however, in the single test (stamping, leaning posture, hindleg-withdrawal). The results indicated that both repeated and single tests paradigms are of value for testing the effects of morphine and naloxone on rats. However, under our conditions the single test paradigm gave a better picture of the overall effects of the drug. Learning as well as habituation and sensitization may mask certain effects during repeated tests. In conclusion, an ethological analysis of the rat's behaviour in the hot plate test following administration of morphine and naloxone has been validated in this study.