论《消费者权益保护法》在解决医患纠纷中的法律适用

在实践中，医患关系已具备了消费关系的形式特征，把医疗、预防、保健、康复等行为纳入公民消费范围是未来趋势，这将更有利于保护公民的合法权益。     

Personal relationships with an intelligent interactive telephone health behavior advisor system: a multimethod study using surveys and ethnographic interviews

The burgeoning of consumer health informatics and virtual health care can help people improve their health. However, little is known about individuals' reactions to such systems. We conducted an evaluation of the telephone-linked care (TLC) system, a computer-based telecommunications system, that functions as an at home monitor, educator, and counselor for patients with chronic health conditions. Our multimethod assessment of individuals' reactions to using TLC included both quantitative and qualitative methods. Ethnographic in-depth open-ended interviews indicated more subtle and surprising reactions to TLC than the overall positive responses from surveys: individuals formed personal relationships with this technology. This relationship formation suggests that TLC designers may have been successful in their attempts to emulate a conversation with a human being. Our study adds to evidence that technology can serve as a projective device for peoples' values and psychological issues. Both designers and users project values and goals onto computer-based technologies and take on different identities through it. Different groups of users, therefore, may see the same technology differently. People also form relationships with technologies, as they did with TLC. These findings, as well as implications for system design and health outcomes, need to be explored in additional studies.     

人工智能技术在辅助耳鼻咽喉科医师了解过敏性鼻炎患者需求中的应用

利用人工智能技术分析近年中国互联网用户对于过敏性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis,AR）的网上检索信息,以帮助耳鼻咽喉科医师更好地了解AR患者的实际需求,从而在临床实践中更加合理地对患者进行管理。     

消费者营养知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素的研究进展

通过对国内外消费者的食品营养知识、态度和行为的KAP研究状况进行分析,本文认为我国消费者中存在着食品营养知识缺乏、行为令人担忧,但食品营养态度较为积极的状况。同时,对不同人口特征下消费者食品营养的KAP差异、影响因素等进行分析,显示出对消费者营养知识的普及教育、营养立法及营养监管等的必要性。     

Plain Language for Patient Education

Low health literacy continues to be a barrier in patient education. One solution to low health literacy is creating or providing patient education materials written in plain language. Plain language follows guidelines created for federal agencies to ensure that documents are written in clear and accessible language for all audiences. Health care professionals and librarians can locate or recommend plain language health information from many reputable consumer health websites.     

Review of Health Source – Consumer Edition

The pace of publication in consumer health continues unabated. EBSCO’s Health Source – Consumer Edition provides one of the few indexing and abstracting services to assist users looking to these types of publications for help with their health questions. This column provides a guide to some of the database features and resources. While the reading level for some of its indexed sources is relatively high, and the collection of books is dated at present. Health Source – Consumer Edition remains a valuable tool in the consumer health librarian’s toolkit.     

FROM THE EDITORS

Abstract

Consumer empowerment through authoritative health information is a positive force in today's health care environment. As the nation's lead agency for protecting the health and safety of people, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has as part of its mission the responsibility of providing credible information to enhance health decisions. CDC health communications are provided through many venues, and particularly its Web site. This article identifies CDC consumer health sites, giving particular attention to two new initiatives, the CDC Kids Page and CDC en Espãol, which have been developed for specialized consumer health audiences.     

Chemical-induced asthma and the role of clinical,toxicological, exposure and epidemiological research in regulatory and hazard characterization approaches

Uncertainties in understanding all potential modes-of-action for asthma induction and elicitation hinders design of hazard characterization and risk assessment methods that adequately screen and protect against hazardous chemical exposures. To address this challenge and identify current research needs, the University of Cincinnati and the American Cleaning Institute hosted a webinar series to discuss the current state-of-science regarding chemical-induced asthma. The general consensus is that the available database, comprised of data collected from routine clinical and validated toxicological tests, is inadequate for predicting or determining causal relationships between exposures and asthma induction for most allergens. More research is needed to understand the mechanism of asthma induction and elicitation in the context of specific chemical exposures and exposure patterns, and the impact of population variability and patient phenotypes. Validated tools to predict respiratory sensitization and to translate irritancy assays to asthma potency are needed, in addition to diagnostic biomarkers that assess and differentiate allergy versus irritant-based asthmatic responses. Diagnostic methods that encompass the diverse etiologies of asthmatic responses and incorporate robust exposure measurements capable of capturing different temporal patterns of complex chemical mixtures are needed. In the absence of ideal tools, risk assessors apply hazard-based safety assessment methods, in conjunction with active risk management, to limit potential asthma concerns, proactively identify new concerns, and ensure deployment of approaches to mitigate asthma-related risks.     

Consumer Participation in Identifying Research and Development Priorities for Power Wheelchair Input Devices and Controllers

A focus group comprised of persons who use power wheelchairs and professionals working in the field were asked to participate in a brainstorming session to determine priorities for the development and application of power mobility input devices and control concepts. The group consensus was that durability and reliability are the most important criteria. Essentially, the expectation is that a power wheelchair must work everyday in the way a person needs it and wants it. At the same time, there is a desire to enhance and advance the features of input devices and control systems. Many would say these changes constitute designing “smarter” power wheelchairs, such as systems that can independently detect obstacles and can provide users with more feedback. This paper presents the rationale behind forming this focus group and details of the results of a brainstorming session where ideas were generated and prioritized. The five most important issues as determined by the group are discussed in depth.     

A comprehensive review of intake estimates of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) based on indirect exposure models and urinary biomonitoring data

Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is a high molecular weight general purpose plasticizer used principally in the manufacture of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) articles. DINP metabolites can be measured in biological media such as blood and urine. However, measurement of a substance in the blood or urine does not by itself mean that the chemical causes or is associated with adverse health outcomes. This is particularly pertinent given the advances in modern analytical techniques whereby ever diminishing trace amounts of substances can be detected. Therefore, it is a scientific necessity that risk assessors understand the relationship of biomonitoring data to estimation of exposure so that appropriate comparisons can be made to the no observed adverse effects levels (NOAELs) or other points of departure from toxicological studies in animals. In this paper, estimates of daily DINP intake are calculated for various population segments based on urinary biomonitoring data and are compared to estimates of exposure based on indirect methods and to health-based exposure guidance values. In general, intake estimates converge on a mean of 1–2 μg/kg/day regardless of source of exposure or population cluster; a value 2-orders of magnitude lower than health-based exposure guidance values, ranging from 120 to 290 μg/kg/day, which have been established by regulatory authorities and other authoritative bodies as representing acceptable levels.