Islet of Langerhans isolation from pediatric and juvenile donor pancreases

Islet grafts isolated from young donors allow superior functional outcomes but are often associated with poor islet isolation yields. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the outcomes of islet isolation between young and older donors. We retrospectively analyzed 564 pancreas isolations performed at our institution. Isolation outcomes were compared between donors aged ≤20 years (n = 42, YD) and >20 years (n = 522, OD). Isolation procedure was identical in both groups. Prepurification percentage of embedded islets was higher in YD (44.3 ± 22.7% vs. 24.9 ± 20.9%, P < 0.001). This led to a lower recovery rate in YD (48% vs. 76%, P = 0.002) and hence lower postpurification IEQ/g pancreas in YD (2 412 ± 1 789 IEQ/g vs. 3 194 ± 1 892 IEQ/g, P = 0.01). Final yield was 180 982 ± 128 073 IEQ in YD and 244 167 ± 134 137 IEQ in OD, (P = 0.006). In vitro function was markedly, albeit nonsignificantly, higher in YD (SI: 4.5 ± 5.1 vs. 3.0 ± 5.7, P = 0.350). Proportion of transplanted preparations was similar in both groups, 38% (16/42) in YD vs. 43% (224/522) in OD, P = 0.628. In spite of isolation and purification difficulties, pancreases from young donors allowed similar islet transplantation rates as older donors. Efforts should be directed at improving islet extraction in these donors to realize their full potential for islet transplantation.     

经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症

目的评价经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术(PELD)治疗经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法 10例经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症患者,经椎间盘造影证实12个椎间盘后方纤维环均撕裂,行PELD治疗。比较术前、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和术前、末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),按改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果手术时间30~60(42±15.5)min。住院时间5~7(5.6±0.7)d。10例均获随访,时间12~20(15.4±3.3)个月。术中未发生脑脊液漏、脊髓神经损伤。VAS术前为6~9(7.5±0.8)分,术后为0~3(1.4±0.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。ODI术前为40.0%~82.9%(74.6%±13.1%),末次随访时为8.6%~14.3%(12.0%±3.2%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。根据改良Macnab标准:优2例,良7例,可1例。结论 PELD治疗经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症患者具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等特点,疗效较好。     

Contemporary management of breast cancer during pregnancy and subsequent lactation in a multicenter cohort of young women with breast cancer

The incidence of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is increasing. We sought to characterize patient, treatment, pregnancy and lactation factors among young women with newly diagnosed breast cancer during pregnancy in a prospective cohort study. We identified all women who were pregnant when diagnosed with invasive breast cancer among those enrolled in the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (NCT01468246), and collected details on pregnancy, birth and lactation from surveys, and treatment information medical record review. Of 1302 enrolled participants, 976 women with invasive breast cancer completed full baseline surveys, among whom 39 (4.0%) patients reported being pregnant at diagnosis. Median age at diagnosis was 34 years (range: 25‐40), with stage distribution: I, 28%; II, 44%; III, 23%; and IV, 5%. 74% of patients (29/39) had grade 3 tumors, 59% (23/39) ER‐positive, and 31% (12/39) HER2‐positive disease. 23 (59%) had surgery during pregnancy, 4 (17%) during the first trimester. Among the women who had surgery during pregnancy, 61% (14/23) underwent lumpectomy, 35% (8/23) unilateral, and 4% (1/23) bilateral mastectomy. All patients who had chemotherapy (51%, 20/39) received it in second and third trimesters, and had ACx4. There were 31 live births, 2 spontaneous, and 5 therapeutic abortions. Among live births, 16 (41%) were before 37 weeks of gestation. Three women reported breastfeeding. Within 6 months after delivery, comprehensive staging in 13 patients showed upstaging in four patients. In a contemporary cohort of young women with breast cancer, pregnancy at diagnosis is relatively uncommon. Treatment during pregnancy can generally be consistent with standard surgical and chemotherapy approaches, with attention to timing of therapies. Longer‐term outcomes including effects of some timing issues including delayed use of anti‐HER2 therapy on patient outcomes warrant further research.     

Perceived stress mediates the relationship between mindfulness and negative affect variability: A randomized controlled trial among middle‐aged to older adults

Despite the interest in mindfulness over the past 20 years, studies have only recently begun to examine mindfulness in older adults. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate pretreatment to post‐treatment change in negative affect variability (NAV) following a mindfulness training among 134 mildly stressed, middle‐aged to older adults. The secondary aim was to assess if the effects of mindfulness training on NAV would be partially explained by pretreatment to post‐treatment reductions in perceived stress, a trend that would be congruent with several stress models. In this randomized control trial, participants were assigned to either a 6‐week mindfulness meditation training programme or to a wait list control. Ecological momentary assessment, a data capturing technique that queries about present moment experiences in real time, captured NAV. Mixed‐model ANOVAs and a path analysis were conducted. Participants in the mindfulness meditation training significantly reduced NAV when compared with wait list control participants. Further, there was a significant indirect group effect on reductions in NAV through change in perceived stress. Few studies have tested mechanisms of action, which connect changes that occur during mindfulness training with psychological outcomes in older adults. Understanding the mechanisms by which mindfulness enhances well‐being may optimize interventions.     

成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病患者骨密度变化及影响因素分析

目的探讨成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(latent autoimmune diabetes in adults,LADA)患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)变化及其影响因素。方法选取2013年4月至2016年6月于武警浙江总队杭州医院内分泌科确诊的LADA患者43例,作为LADA组,另选同期健康体检人员40名作为对照组。检测两组受试者代谢指标空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h postprandial blood glucose,2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、血钙、血磷、24 h尿钙、24 h尿磷、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、尿微量蛋白(microalbuminuria,MAU)水平,并检测腰椎2~4BMD及股骨颈BMD进行比较。同时研究L2~4BMD及股骨颈BMD与代谢指标水平之间的关系,并分析L2~4BMD及股骨颈BMD的影响因素。结果两组受检者血磷、24 h尿磷、ALP水平均无明显差异(P0.05),LADA组FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c、24h尿钙及MAU均明显高于对照组(P0.05),LADA组血钙明显低于对照组(P0.05);LADA组L2~4、股骨颈BMD均明显低于对照组(P0.05);L2~4BMD与HbA1c、MAU呈负相关(r=-0.351、-0.242,P0.05),与血钙呈正相关(r=0.396,P0.05);股骨颈BMD与HbA1c、MAU呈负相关(r=-0.462、-0.118,P0.05),与血钙呈正相关(r=0.411,P0.05)。结论LADA患者的骨密度明显低于健康受试者,性别、血钙、MAU为L2~4BMD的影响因素,年龄、性别、血钙、MAU为股骨颈BMD的影响因素。     

HDL-C/ApoA1、MCP-1水平与中青年冠心病患者病变程度及炎症反应的相关性

目的 探讨高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）/载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)水平与中青年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（以下简称冠心病）病变程度及炎症反应的相关性。方法 选取2021年10月—2022年10月在南通大学附属医院和如皋市人民医院就诊的中青年冠心病患者130例作为观察组,其中稳定型心绞痛（SAP）42例,不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）50例,急性心肌梗死（AMI）38例;病变支数：单支病变59例,双支病变39例,三支病变32例;按照狭窄程度分为轻度46例,中度54例,重度30例。另取同期该院冠状动脉CT血管造影或冠状动脉造影正常者130例作为对照组。比较各组HDL-C/ApoA1、MCP-1、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、肌酸激酶（CK）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）、白细胞计数（WBC）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、生长刺激表达基因2蛋白（ST2）及Gensini评分。结果 观察组HDL-C/ApoA1低于对照组（P <0.05）,MCP-1、CK-MB、CK、cTnⅠ、WBC、hs-CRP、ST2高于对照组（P <0.05）。AMI和...     

铸瓷高嵌体修复年轻恒磨牙缺损的美学及修复质量分析

目的分析铸瓷高嵌体修复年轻恒磨牙缺损的美学及修复质量。 方法选取第一恒磨牙牙体缺损年轻患者74例,随机均分为对照组(树脂充填)和观察组(铸瓷高嵌体修复)。采用美国公共健康服务评价标准(USPHS/Ryge临床评价标准)比较两组修复后6个月、1年、2年的美学及修复质量。 结果观察组修复6个月后邻接关系优于对照组,修复1年后修复体外形、邻接关系优于对照组,修复2年后修复体外形、表面、边缘密合性、邻接关系优于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组外观总满意度高于对照组(P＜0.05)。对照组患侧咬合力低于对侧(P＜0.05),而观察组两侧无明显差异(P＞0.05)。 结论铸瓷高嵌体修复年轻恒磨牙缺损,其美学及修复质量较好,值得临床推广使用。     

CT and MR features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and young adults

AIM: To clarify CT and MR features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in children and young adults. METHOD: CT and MR findings of 13 patients (30 years old or younger) with a histopathologic diagnosis of NPC were reviewed. RESULTS: Skull base invasion (12/13), lymphadenopathy (10/13), and infiltrative growth (8/8) were common findings. The signal intensity of tumours was slightly higher than that of muscles in six cases and isointense to that of muscles in two cases on T1-weighted images; it was higher than that of muscle and lower than that of cerebellar grey matter on T2-weighted images in all cases. Internal signals were homogeneous in both pre- and post-Gd-enhanced MR images in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its rarity in this age group, NPC should be included in a differential diagnosis when CT and MR imaging reveal these features.     

青年脑卒中研究进展

脑卒中是导致人们致死、致残的主要原因,现如今脑卒中的发病率逐年增高,而其发病年龄则呈现逐年下降的趋势。本文针对青年患者脑卒中的发病原因、危险因素、治疗方法以及预后等方面作一综述,旨在概括青年脑卒中目前的研究进展与研究方向,为疾病的研究提供相关参考。