老年腹部术后患者睡眠障碍的影响因素及护理对策

目的：分析老年腹部术后患者睡眠障碍的影响因素,探讨有针对性的护理干预措施以改善患者的睡眠质量。方法对2012年10月至2013年10月我院收住的62例老年腹部术后睡眠障碍患者采用匹兹堡睡眠质量表进行调查,并用自制调查表对患者进行问卷调查,分析影响因素。结果影响62例老年腹部术后患者睡眠质量的因素为：老龄化因素、手术创伤及麻醉因素、疼痛因素、环境因素、心理因素。对该类患者采取包括围术期护理、舒适护理、心理护理、药物治疗等护理措施,效果令人满意。结论明确老年腹部术后患者睡眠障碍的原因所在,采取针对性的护理对策,能改善患者睡眠质量促进早日康复。     

合肥市乙型病毒性肝炎感染孕妇KAP调查分析

目的：了解合肥市乙肝感染孕妇母婴阻断知识、信念、行为( KAP)状况,并对其影响因素进行分析,为开展乙肝预防健康教育提供依据。方法自行设计问卷,在合肥市四个区随机抽取200名乙肝感染孕妇,回收有效问卷169份。采用t检验、logistic回归分析对乙肝感染孕妇KAP得分的影响因素进行分析。结果乙肝感染孕妇KAP得分总体较低,平均得分为(5．20±2．24)分,及格率为47．31%。分析显示影响乙肝感染孕妇KAP的因素包括学历、居住地、被感染时间等,大专以下学历、居住地在农村的孕妇、母亲不知道自己是否乙型肝炎病毒感染者的孕妇及被感染时间短的孕妇KAP得分较低。结论公共卫生服务机构应根据乙肝感染孕妇的特征,针对性开展多种形式的健康教育,有效提高乙肝感染孕妇KAP水平。     

Application of Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty in Patients of Rheumatic Heart Disease Mitral Stenosis Combined with Tricuspid Regurgitation

Background:

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is frequently associated with severe mitral stenosis (MS), the importance of significant TR was often neglected. However, TR influences the outcome of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) procedure in rheumatic heart disease patients with mitral valve (MV) stenosis and tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Methods:

Two hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this study due to rheumatic heart disease with MS combined with TR. Mitral balloon catheter made in China was used to expand MV. The following parameters were measured before and after PBMV: MV area (MVA), TR area (TRA), atrial pressure and diameter, and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). The patients were followed for 6 months to 9 years.

Results:

After PBMV, the MVAs increased significantly (1.7 ± 0.3 cm² vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 cm², P < 0.01); TRA significantly decreased (6.3 ± 1.7 cm² vs. 14.2 ± 6.5 cm², P < 0.01), right atrial area (RAA) decreased significantly (21.5 ± 4.5 cm² vs. 25.4 ± 4.3 cm², P < 0.05), TRA/RAA (%) decreased significantly (29.3 ± 3.2% vs. 44.2 ± 3.6%, P < 0.01). TR velocity (TRV) and TR continue time (TRT) as well as TRV × TRT decreased significantly (183.4 ± 9.4 cm/s vs. 254.5 ± 10.7 cm/s, P < 0.01; 185.7 ± 13.6 ms vs. 238.6 ± 11.3 ms, P < 0.01; 34.2 ± 5.6 cm vs. 60.7 ± 8.5 cm, P < 0.01, respectively). The postoperative left atrial diameter (LAD) significantly reduced (41.3 ± 6.2 mm vs. 49.8 ± 6.8 mm, P < 0.01) and the postoperative right atrial diameter (RAD) significantly reduced (28.7 ± 5.6 mm vs. 46.5 ± 6.3 mm, P < 0.01); the postoperative left atrium pressure significantly reduced (15.6 ± 6.1 mmHg vs. 26.5 ± 6.6 mmHg, P < 0.01), the postoperative right atrial pressure decreased significantly (13.2 ± 2.4 mmHg vs. 18.5 ± 4.3 mmHg, P < 0.01). The pulmonary arterial pressure decreased significantly after PBMV (48.2 ± 10.3 mmHg vs. 60.6 ± 15.5 mmHg, P < 0.01). The symptom of chest tightness and short of breath obviously alleviated. All cases followed-up for 6 months to 9 years (average 75 ± 32 months), 2 patients with severe regurgitation died (1 case of massive cerebral infarction, and 1 case of heart failure after 6 years and 8 years, respectively), 2 cases lost access. At the end of follow-up, MVA has been reduced compared with the postoperative (1.4 ± 0.4 cm² vs. 1.7 ± 0.3 cm², P < 0.05); LAD slightly increased compared with the postoperative (45.2 ± 5.7 mm vs. 41.4 ± 6.3 mm, P < 0.05), RAD slightly also increased compared with the postoperative (36.1 ± 6.3 mm vs. 28.6 ± 5.5 mm, P < 0.05), but did not recover to the preoperative level. TRA slightly increased compared with the postoperative, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The PAP and left ventricular ejection fraction appeared no statistical difference compared with the postoperative (P > 0.05), the remaining patients without serious complications.

Conclusions:

PBMV is a safe and effective procedure for MS combined with TR in patients of rheumatic heart disease. It can alleviate the symptoms and reduce the size of TR. It can also improve the quality-of-life and prognosis. Its recent and mid-term efficacy is certain. While its long-term efficacy remains to be observed.     

68例慢性乙型肝炎患者对疾病认知及心理和行为问卷调查

目的 了解患者对慢乙肝疾病相关知识认知、对疾病的心理和行为应对情况,以更好评估慢乙肝患者对疾病的认知、防治需求,对待疾病的态度和行为,疾病带给慢乙肝患者的心理压力,为慢乙肝患者的健康管理、心理干预提供依据.方法 对在2011年1月至2013年6月到昆明医科大学第二附属医院肝胆胰内科门诊就诊和住院的68位慢乙肝患者在诊疗前后进行个人访谈和问卷调查,并由受过专业培训的医护人员对问卷调查中发现的问题进行一对一的指导.结果 大部分患者知道疾病的一般知识,对疾病缺乏较深层次的认识.宣教前与宣教后患者在乙肝传播途径、带来的后果认知、加重肝损伤因素的认知及保护家人不受感染的措施等方面问卷得分进行t检验,P＜0.05具有统计学意义.对自我护理和预防保健没有充分认识,患者对乙肝相关疾病知识的认识和了解与文化程度和病程长短有关,69.1％的患者存在一定的心理问题.结论 医护人员加强对慢乙肝相关疾病知识的深度和广度的宣传,针对患者的心理问题给予积极的心理疏导,争取社会支持系统对患者提供有针对性的帮助,提供准确的健康指导和连续的干预,促进患者主动采纳健康行为建议,对监测和防控患者的病情发展,对慢性乙肝患者的未来的健康管理有重要意义.     

小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗麻醉处理临床观察

目的探讨小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗的麻醉处理.方法确诊动脉导管未闭(343例)、房间隔缺损(428例)、室间隔缺损(229例)择期行介入封堵术10岁以下患儿,随机分为氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑组及氯胺酮复合丙泊酚组.结果2组患儿术中不同时点平均动脉压、心率、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度与麻醉前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),组间术中不良反应、术中并发症差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),所有患儿均保留自主呼吸,顺利完成先心病介入治疗.结论氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑或氯胺酮复合丙泊酚的麻醉方法应用于先天性心脏病封堵术麻醉满意,并发症少,安全有效,麻醉苏醒快,无明显临床区别.     

冠心病射血分数正常心力衰竭患者左室舒张末压与无创指标的相关性

目的：通过左室舒张末压（LVEDP）与无创指标对比,探讨其在冠心病射血分数正常心力衰竭（HF－NEF）患者的诊断价值。方法对59例冠心病患者行超声检测 E／A 值、E／E′值等,血清检测 NT －proBNP 等。并行冠状动脉造影检查,评定 Gensini 积分、侧支评分,测定 LVEDP。分为左室舒张功能（LVDF）正常组（LVEDP≤16 mmHg）、LVDF 异常组（LVEDP ＞16 mmHg）。结果空腹血糖、NT －proBNP、Gensini 积分、E／E′值在 LVDF 异常组比 LVDF 正常组显著升高（P ＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析提示：LVEDP 与 NT －proBNP 显著相关（P ＝0.000）,标准偏回归系数为0.490（95％CI 0.004～0.010）;LVEDP 与 E／E′值显著相关（P ＝0.001）,标准偏回归系数为0.381（95％CI 0.171～0.590）。结论冠状动脉的病变程度和 LVDF 相关。 E／E′值和 NT －proBNP 能反映 LVDF,可作为临床评价 HFNEF 的有效指标。     

Biofeedback benefits only patients with outlet dysfunction, not patients with isolated slow transit constipation

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Biofeedback is reported to be as effective for slow transit constipation as for pelvic floor dyssynergia and no more effective than education. We aimed to test the hypothesis that biofeedback benefits only patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia, describe the physiologic mechanism of treatment, and identify predictors of success. METHODS: Fifty-two patients (49 women; average age, 35 years), all with delayed whole gut transit, included 34 with pelvic floor dyssynergia, 12 with slow transit only, and 6 who met only 1 of 2 criteria for pelvic floor dyssynergia. All received 5 weekly biofeedback sessions directed at increasing rectal pressure and relaxing pelvic floor muscles during straining plus practice defecating a balloon. Patients were retested by questionnaire; symptom diary; balloon defecation; transit study at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months; and anorectal manometry at 1 and 6 months. RESULTS: At 6 months, greater improvements were seen in pelvic floor dyssynergia compared with slow transit only; 71% versus 8% reported satisfaction ( P = .001), and 76% versus 8% reported >/=3 bowel movements per week ( P < .001). Improvements were maintained at 24 months of follow-up. Biofeedback eliminated dyssynergia in 91% and enabled 85% to defecate the balloon. Satisfaction was correlated with improved ability to defecate the balloon (rho = .73; P < .001), reductions in dyssynergia (rho = .69; P < .001), and increased rectal pressure during straining (rho = .36; P < .01). Success was predicted by pelvic floor dyssynergia, milder constipation, and less frequent abdominal pain at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Biofeedback is an effective treatment for pelvic floor dyssynergia but not slow transit constipation.