Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding cyadox in Wistar rats

To investigate the teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats (F₀) were fed with diets containing cyadox (0, 50, 150 and 2500 mg/kg) or olaquindox (150 mg/kg), approximately equivalent to cyadox 5, 15, 250 or olaquindox 15 mg/kg b.w./day across two generations. Half of the pregnant rats (F₀, F_1b) were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20 for teratogenic examination and the other half produced pups F_1a and F_2a, respectively. At the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group, body weights of F_1b pregnant rats and F_2a on day 21 after birth decreased; fetal body lengths and tail lengths decreased; the number of fetal resorptions increased significantly; litter weights, number of viable fetuses decreased; number of embryo resorptions increased significantly; number of liveborn F_1a, F_1b and F_2a decreased. No macroscopic or microscopic change of any significance was found in the reproductive organs. Significant increases in the incidence of cervial ribs or lumbar ribs in F_2a pups and significant increases of relative organ weight of testis and epididymis in F_1b were observed at the 250 mg/kg b.w./day cyadox group. The NOAEL for reproduction/development of cyadox for rats was estimated to be 150 mg/kg diet, which was equivalent to approximately 15 mg/kg b.w./day.     

芥子气损伤防治药物的研究进展

芥子气是典型的糜烂性毒剂,其主要损伤机制是与生物分子作用,形成烃化物。近年对芥子气损伤机制的研究集中在DNA烃化、DNA链断裂、聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)激活、钙紊乱、蛋白水解酶激活和炎症反应等方面,而防治药物的研究也相应地得到进一步扩展。本文综述了不同作用机制的抗芥子气损伤药物的研究进展。     

脑白质病变MRI视觉分级方法的比较

目的:比较7种常用的脑白质病变(WMLs)MRI视觉分级方法,评价各分级之间的相关性和一致性,并计算两两间相互转化的参数.方法:随机选取50例MRI T2-FLAIR显示有不同程度WMLs患者,由两名医师分别用7种分级方法对其WMLs进行评分. 视觉分级间的相关性评价采用Spearman 等级相关分析,不同评估者之间的一致性分析采用Kappa检验,通过回归分析计算各分级间相互转化的参数.结果:不同视觉分级在WMLs评分上均有较强的相关性(相关系数rs: 0.579～0.917, P＜0.05). 除Schelten(modilified)分级和Ylikoski分级外,其它分级在不同观察者间的一致性好(κ＞0.585). 除Aharon-Peretz J分级和De Groot JC分级外,通过回归分析得出了其它5个分级间相互转化的参数,其确定系数R2的范围为0.5856～0.8892.结论:7种不同白质病变的MRI视觉分级间有较好的相关性,而不同评估者间Aharon-Peretz J分级的一致性最好.     

A Novel Preparation of Special-Shaped Phosphors-in-Glass by Gel Casting with Isobam for High-Power WLEDs Lighting

Phosphors-in-glass (PiGs) regarded as a promising phosphor-converter for white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) is being researched widely. However, there are few reports on the effect of changing the shape of PiGs on the color rendering index (CRI) and heat dissipation of WLEDs. In this paper, gel casting with Isobam was first attempted in preparing special-shaped PiGs successfully. It exhibited that 76 wt.% was the optimum solid content based on the rheological properties of slurry and the shrinkage of green bodies. The sintering rate should be kept at a low speed and glass transition temperature (Tg) of glass powders must be higher than sublimation temperatures (Ts) of APS and Isobam. The CRI of PiGs was increased by about 27% after changing the shape of PiGs from cylinder to dome. Most importantly, operating temperature also reduced effectively the increase of the surface area of PiGs. Therefore, changing the shape of PiGs by gel casting with Isobam is a creative way for high-power WLEDs lighting.     

HPLC法测定市售杭白菊中2种有机酸和2种黄酮的含量

摘 要 目的： 测定市售杭白菊中有效成分的含量,比较不同产地杭白菊质量。方法: 采用HPLC法测定绿原酸、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸2种有机酸成分以及木犀草苷、木犀草素2种黄酮成分的含量。结果: 收集杭白菊样品各有效成分差异较大,12批市售杭白菊绿原酸含量在0.22%～0.70%之间,木犀草苷含量在0.09%～0.25%之间,3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量在0.84%～1.67%之间,木犀草素含量在0.008%～0.042%之间。结论: 市售杭白菊质量有较大差异,有必要进一步加强质量控制。     

Color Conversion Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Carbon Dots: A Review

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies, characterizations, materials (precursors and encapsulants), and challenges concerning multicolor and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on carbon dots (CDs) as color converters. Herein, CDs are exploited to achieve emission in LEDs at wavelengths longer than the pump wavelength. White LEDs are typically obtained by pumping broad band visible-emitting CDs by an UV LED, or yellow–green-emitting CDs by a blue LED. The most important methods used to produce CDs, top-down and bottom-up, are described in detail, together with the process that allows one to embed the synthetized CDs on the surface of the pumping LEDs. Experimental results show that CDs are very promising ecofriendly candidates with the potential to replace phosphors in traditional color conversion LEDs. The future for these devices is bright, but several goals must still be achieved to reach full maturity.     

润肠口服液的薄层色谱鉴别

目的：采用薄层色谱法（TLC）鉴别润肠口服液中黄芪、白芍、当归。方法：黄芪鉴别以氯仿-醋酸乙酯-甲醇-水（20：40：22：10）10℃以下放置后的下层液为展开剂，以硫酸乙醇溶液（1—10）显色剂；白芍鉴别以氯仿-醋酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸（40：5：10：0．2）为展开剂，以5％香草醛硫酸溶液为显色剂；当归鉴别以正己烷-醋酸乙酯（9：1）为展开剂。结果：各色谱斑点清晰，分离度好，阴性对照无干扰。结论：该鉴别方法简便、可靠、灵敏、专属性强，可用于润肠口服液的质量控制。     

不同采集地土茯苓中(切面红色、白色)总糖及多糖含量分析与体外抗氧化作用

目的:分析测定26个不同采集地土茯苓中(切面红色、白色)总多糖及多糖的含量并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。方法:采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法,比较分析不同产地及不同切面颜色土茯苓中总糖及多糖含量;同时,以抗坏血酸为阳性对照,通过DPPH自由基(1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基)清除法来评价该药材中总糖与多糖的抗氧化能力。结果:切面红色土茯苓中总糖的质量分数为1.897 3%~11.680 9%,多糖为0.048 0%~1.863 4%;切面白色土茯苓中总糖的质量分数为7.957 5%~81.681 0%,多糖为0.413 2%~7.963 9%,两者含量差异较大;抗氧化结果表明,总糖及多糖均有清除自由基活性,其IC50依次为抗坏血酸(0.033 4 g·L-1)切面红色多糖(0.176 7 g·L-1)切面白色多糖(0.294 9 g·L-1)切面红色总糖(0.354 8 g·L-1)切面白色总糖(0.769 5 g·L-1)。结论:不同切面颜色及不同产地土茯苓药材中总糖及多糖的含量存在显著性差异,其多糖的含量高低与抗氧化作用的强弱不呈正相关。     

线粒体靶向抗氧化剂Mito-TEMPO对氮芥诱导BEAS-2B细胞损伤的影响

目的: 探讨线粒体靶向抗氧化剂Mito-TEMPO对氮芥(HN2)诱导人支气管上皮细胞系BEAS-2B的影响。方法: BEAS-2B细胞分为正常对照组、Mito-TEMPO对照组、HN2染毒组和Mito-TEMPO干预组,其中正常对照组和Mito-TEMPO对照组分别给予含DMSO(体积分数为0.1%)和Mito-TEMPO(100μmol/L)的无血清培养基处理26 h,HN2染毒组给予含DMSO的无血清培养基预处理2 h,然后给予HN2(8μmol/L)染毒24 h,Mito-TEMPO干预组给予Mito-TEMPO(100μmol/L)预处理2 h,然后HN2(8μmol/L)和Mito-TEMPO(100μmol/L)共处理24 h。分别采用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,速率法检测细胞培养基上清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,Annexin V/PI探针法流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,JC-1探针法检测线粒体膜电位,紫外分光光度法检测细胞匀浆ATP含量,MitoSOX、DCFH-DA、DHE探针法分别检测细胞内线粒体ROS、H2O2及总ROS水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的mRNA表达水平。结果: 与HN2染毒组相比,Mito-TEMPO干预组细胞活性降低了约42.6%(P<0.05),细胞上清LDH水平显著增加(P<0.05),同时伴有异常形态细胞增多,Mito-TEMPO干预组细胞线粒体ROS水平降低了53.6%(P<0.05),细胞内H2O2水平及总ROS水平分别升高了171%和43.4%(均为P<0.05)。Mito-TEMPO干预对HN2染毒导致的细胞凋亡比例、线粒体膜电位、ATP含量、TNF-α、IL-6的mRNA表达水平等指标改变均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论: 100μmol/L的Mito-TEMPO干预在HN2染毒BEAS-2B细胞模型中促进了细胞损伤,其机制可能与提高细胞内H₂O₂水平及总ROS水平有关。     

兔体感诱发电位正常参考值研究

目的测定正常成年日本大耳白兔神经皮层体感诱发电位（somatosensory evoked potential,SEP）,建立本实验室SEP正常值数据库,为相关的临床和基础研究提供实验参数。方法选择日本大耳白兔30只,雌雄各半。选用英国牛津NHK30-Medelec Synergy肌电诱发电位术中监护仪。采用腹腔注射水合氯醛进行麻醉。测量日本大白兔皮层体感诱发电位正向波（P1）、负向波（N1）的正常值。结果 30只日本大白兔均检测出清晰辨认的波形。在头皮记录到较一致的,由一个P1和一个N1组成的体感诱发电位。潜伏期为P1（12.32±1.73）ms,N1（21.95±1.88）ms;P1N1复合波波幅为（2.02±1.56）μV。结论 SEP测量值较稳定,为进一步研究SEP的病理变化提供了实验依据。