A potential association of RNF219-AS1 with ADHD: Evidence from categorical analysis of clinical phenotypes and from quantitative exploration of executive function and white matter microstructure endophenotypes

AimsAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder of substantial heritability, yet emerging evidence suggests that key risk variants might reside in the noncoding regions of the genome. Our study explored the association of lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) with ADHD as represented at three different phenotypic levels guided by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework: (i) ADHD caseness and symptom dimension, (ii) executive functions as functional endophenotype, and (iii) potential genetic influence on white matter architecture as brain structural endophenotype.MethodsGenotype data of 107 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 10 candidate lncRNAs were analyzed in 1040 children with ADHD and 630 controls of Chinese Han descent. Executive functions including inhibition and set‐shifting were assessed by STROOP and trail making tests, respectively. Imaging genetic analyses were performed in a subgroup of 33 children with ADHD and 55 controls using fractional anisotropy (FA).ResultsOne SNP rs3908461 polymorphism in RNF219‐AS1 was found to be significantly associated with ADHD caseness: with C‐allele detected as the risk genotype in the allelic model (P = 8.607E‐05) and dominant genotypic model (P = 9.628E‐05). Nominal genotypic effects on inhibition (p = 0.020) and set‐shifting (p = 0.046) were detected. While no direct effect on ADHD core symptoms was detected, mediation analysis suggested that SNP rs3908461 potentially exerted an indirect effect through inhibition function [B = 0.21 (SE = 0.12), 95% CI = 0.02‐0.49]. Imaging genetic analyses detected significant associations between rs3908461 genotypes and FA values in corpus callosum, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, left posterior limb of internal capsule, left posterior thalamic radiate (include optic radiation), and the left anterior corona radiate (P _{FWE corrected} < 0.05).ConclusionOur present study examined the potential roles of lncRNA in genetic etiological of ADHD and provided preliminary evidence in support of the potential RNF219‐AS1 involvement in the pathophysiology of ADHD in line with the RDoC framework.     

365例COVID-19患者血常规分析

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者外周血细胞的变化规律,为治疗和防范提供指导意义。方法对365例COVID-19患者在住院当天、住院3~7 d、住院14~21 d的白细胞、淋巴细胞等指标分别检测,对3个不同时间的检测结果进行比较,观察COVID-19患者随病程进展血细胞的动态改变。结果365例COVID-19患者在住院3~7 d时白细胞计数最低,均值为4.78×10^9/L,中性粒细胞百分比均值为67.77%,与住院当天和住院14~21 d比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与正常对照比较,差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.01);COVID-19患者住院3~7 d的淋巴细胞计数均值为1.07×10^9/L,百分比均值为22.75%,与住院当天和住院14~21 d比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与正常对照比较,差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论365例COVID-19患者在住院3~7 d白细胞计数最低,而淋巴细胞计数的降低更为明显。经过综合治疗14~21 d后,白细胞和淋巴细胞计数较住院3~7 d及住院当天均有上升,但仍未恢复至正常水平。     

Pulmonary protective efficacy of S-2[2-aminoethylamino] ethyl phenyl sulphide (DRDE-07) and its analogues against sulfur mustard induced toxicity in mice

Our previous study showed that percutaneous sulfur mustard (SM) exposure induced pulmonary toxicity, which was attenuated by DRDE-07 (S-2[2-aminoethylamino] ethyl phenyl sulphide) pretreatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of DRDE-07 and its analogues viz., DRDE-30 (S-2(2-aminoethyl amino)ethyl propyl sulphide) and DRDE-35 (S-2(2-aminoethyl amino)ethyl butyl sulphide) against SM. Thirty minutes before percutaneous SM (0.8 LD₅₀) exposure, female Swiss mice were orally gavaged with DRDE-07 and its analogues(0.2 LD₅₀). Animals were sacrificed on day 3 and 7, BAL fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathological studies. As results, DRDE-07 and its analogues were beneficial in reducing the number of BALF inflammatory cells, protein level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and β-glucuronidase activity, while content of BALF and lung reduced glutathione level (GSH) were significantly protected. The pretreatment of DRDE-07 and its analogues inhibited the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lung. The beneficial effects of DRDE-07 and its analogues were attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Among the analogues, DRDE-30 exhibited significant beneficial effects as compared to the other two compounds. These analogues may be considered as prototype candidate molecules as there is no effective antidote for SM toxicity.     

Comparison of European (ESR) and American (ACR) White Papers on Teleradiology: Patient Primacy Is Paramount

The ACR and European Society of Radiology white papers on teleradiology propose best practice guidelines for teleradiology, with each body focusing on its respective local situation, market, and legal regulations. The organizations have common viewpoints, the most important being patient primacy, maintenance of quality, and the “supplementary” position of teleradiology to local services. The major differences between the white papers are related mainly to the market situation, the use of teleradiology, teleradiologist credentialing and certification, the principles of “international” teleradiology, and the need to obtain “informed consent” from patients. The authors describe these similarities and differences by highlighting the background and context of teleradiology in Europe and the United States.     

High triglyceride-glucose index is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background and aimsTriglyceride glucose (TyG) index is considered a new surrogate marker of insulin resistance that associated with the development of vascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TyG index in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods and resultsA total of 3181 patients with AMI were included in the analysis. Patients were stratified into 2 groups according to their TyG index levels: the TyG index <8.88 group and the TyG index ≥8.88 group. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during a median of 33.3-month follow-up were recorded. Multivariable Cox regression models revealed that the TyG index was positively associated with all-cause death [HR (95% CI): 1.51 (1.10,2.06), p = 0.010], cardiac death [HR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.19,2.38), p = 0.004], revascularization [HR (95% CI): 1.50 (1.16,1.94), p = 0.002], cardiac rehospitalization [HR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.05,1.49), p = 0.012], and composite MACEs [HR (95% CI): 1.19 (1.01,1.41), p = 0.046] in patients with AMI. The independent predictive effect of TyG index on composite MACEs was mainly reflected in the subgroups of male gender and smoker. The area under the curve (AUC) of the TyG index predicting the occurrence of MACEs in AMI patients was 0.602 [95% CI 0.580,0.623; p < 0.001].ConclusionHigh TyG index levels appeared to be associated with an increased risk of MACEs in patients with AMI. The TyG index might be a valid predictor of cardiovascular outcomes of patients with AMI.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered.     

RDW与不同类型急性阑尾炎的相关性分析

目的：探讨红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与不同病理类型急性阑尾炎（AA）的相关性。方法按照病理类型将 AA 患者分为单纯性、化脓性以及坏疽性三种病理类型的 AA 患者,将这三组患者的 RDW 均值进行两两比较,并分别与对照组进行比较。分析三类 AA 患者的 RDW 值与白细胞（WBC）计数的相关性,应用 ROC 曲线分析 RDW 对于不同类型 AA 的诊断价值。结果单纯性和化脓性 AA 患者的 RDW 值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,而与 WBC 计数无相关性（P ＞0．05）;坏疽性AA 的 RDW 值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）,而与 WBC 计数呈正相关（r＝0．646,P ＜0．05）。结论RDW 与单纯性和化脓性 AA 存在相关性,RDW 的降低可以对单纯性 AA 和化脓性 AA 的诊断提供参考,但尚不能作为单纯性 AA 和化脓性AA 诊断的指标。     

血清降钙素原在烧伤患者细菌性感染诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)在烧伤患者细菌性感染诊断中的临床价值。方法 169例烧伤患者经血培养、分泌物和穿刺液培养等病原学检查确认细菌性感染96例,非细菌性感染73例,2组患者同时进行PCT、WBC和超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)检查,比较这3项指标在细菌性感染诊断中的价值,并进一步研究PCT浓度水平与烧伤程度的关系。结果细菌性感染组烧伤患者血清PCT、WBC和hs-CRP浓度水平明显高于非细菌性感染组(P0.05)。PCT诊断细菌性感染敏感性为90.63%,特异性为89.04%,阳性预测值为91.58%,阴性预测值为87.84%,PCT对细菌性感染的诊断效能明显高于其他两项炎症指标,PCT的浓度水平与烧伤患者的烧伤程度成正相关。结论细菌性感染的烧伤患者血清PCT、WBC和hs-CRP水平明显升高,PCT作为诊断细菌性感染标志物具有更好的敏感性及特异性,优于WBC和hs-CRP两项炎症指标。