基于网络药理学与动物实验探究桂花醇提物对慢性脑缺血神经损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 基于磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)通路探究桂花醇提物抗慢性脑缺血性神经损伤的保护作用与机制。方法 借助文献检索、TCMSP、BATMAN数据库筛选桂花活性成分及靶点;OMIM、GeneCards疾病数据库检索疾病靶点。取交集靶点构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（protein-protein interaction,PPI）网络。借助DAVID数据库进行基因本体（gene ontology,GO）功能和京都基因和基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）通路富集分析,并建立“成分-靶点-通路”网络。采用右侧颈总动脉结扎法建立慢性脑缺血小鼠模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组、脑络通（195 mg/kg）组和桂花醇提物低、高剂量（125、375 mg/kg）组。采用旷场实验评价各组小鼠自发能力及探索行为;检测各组小鼠海马组织胆碱乙酰化酶（choline acetylase,ChAC）和胆碱酯酶（cholinester...     

Immune adjuvants for chemotherapy or radiotherapy in the 9L rat brain tumor model

Summary The therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of three biological response modifiers,Corynebacterium parvum (Cp), Chinese blister beetle extract (CBBE), recombinant human IL-1 (rhIL-1), used alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, were investigated in the intracerebral (ic) rat 9L brain tumor model. Used alone, Cp (2mg/rat, ip plus 70g/rat, ic), CBBE (5l of an ethanol extract, ic), or IL-1 (lg/rat, ic or 1g/rat × 3, q 3 d, ic), had no effect on animal survival compared to the untreated or saline treated controls. When combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the three immunotherapeutic agents did not show any additive effects on survival compared to that observed with systemic BCNU (12mg/kg), local ic bleomycin (0.25 unit), or local radiotherapy (16 Gy). While ic IL-1 did not produce evident toxicity, there was fatal toxicity caused by ic Cp or CBBE treatment in a few animals. The combination of Cp and bleomycin produced severe neurotoxicity, resulting in the early death of animals. This study demonstrates a lack of efficacy of the nonspecific immune adjuvants IL-1, Cp or CBBE, used either alone or combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, in this rat brain tumor model.     

水蛭提取物对大鼠脑血栓后脑组织MDA，SOD和NO含量的影响

目的　探讨光化学法诱导大鼠脑血栓形成中丙二醛(MDA) ,NO和 SOD含量的变化及水蛭提取物 (EFH )对其脑组织保护作用的机理 .方法　采用光化学法诱导大鼠大脑中动脉 (MCA)脑血栓形成模型 ,观察脑缺血后及药物作用后 4h,2 4h脑组织匀浆中 MDA,SOD和 NO的含量变化 .结果　大鼠脑缺血后 4h时 MDA的含量增高 ,2 4h明显增高 ;2 4h时 EFH治疗组 MDA含量明显降低 ,由 (4 .77± 0 .2 4) mol·L- 1降为 (2 .5 1± 0 .44 ) mol· L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,与模型组相比2 4h时 SOD的活性明显增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) . NO含量在脑缺血后 4h降低 ,2 4h时与假手术组相比明显升高 (P<0 .0 1) .结论　光化学诱导大鼠脑血栓形成 ,其脑组织的损伤与 MDA及 NO的神经细胞毒性作用有关 ,EFH可清除 MDA的生成 ,减少 SOD消耗 ,降低 NO的毒性 ,对缺血脑组织有保护作用     

普鲁布考等药物对溶血磷脂酰胆碱引起的牛脑基底动脉条收缩的影响

目的 :研究溶血磷脂酰胆碱 (L PC)对牛脑基底动脉条收缩的影响及普罗布考等药物的保护作用。方法 :通过描记基底动脉条的张力变化 ,测定 L PC对基底动脉条收缩的影响。结果 :L PC能剂量依赖性 (1× 10 - 9～ 1× 10 - 5 mol/ L )促进基底动脉条收缩 ,在 1× 10 - 5 mol/ L时 ,收缩达最大 ,为 (15 1.0± 18.4) %。当用 Triton X- 10 0 (0 .1% )破坏血管内皮层后 ,L PC诱导的血管收缩作用消失。银杏叶提取物 (EGb)、普罗布考 (Pro)和维生素 E(Vit E)能剂量依赖性地减弱 L PC诱导的牛脑基底动脉条收缩。 结论 :药物 EGb,Pro和 Vit E能拮抗 L PC诱导的牛脑基底动脉条收缩。     

正交试验法优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺

采用Ｌ９（３＾４）正交设计,以浸膏得率,正丁醇浸出率,绿原酸含量为考察指标,优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺。结果表明：最佳提取工艺为首次加１０倍量水,浸泡３０ｍｉｎ,煎煮２ｈ,第２次加８倍量水,煎煮１．５ｈ。     

银杏叶浓缩口服液药理作用的研究

目的：探索银杏叶浓缩口服液（缩写Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｌ）的抗脑缺氧、抗脑缺血药理作用。方法以生理盐水组为空白对照,进行药理实验方法的平行比较研究。结果Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｌ能延长断头小鼠张口喘息时间及ＫＣＮ所致小鼠翻身反射消失时间,可降低结扎两侧颈总动脉所致脑缺血大鼠脑水份的含量,能抑制大鼠脑组织中过氧化脂质的生成。结论提示该口服液具有抗脑缺氧、抗脑缺血及改善脑循环的作用。     

黑河上蔡段河水及饮用水的致突变性

目的：探讨黑河上蔡段癌症高发区河水及饮用水的致突变性。方法：采集严重污染的黑河河水及沿岸浅井水分别进行以下试验。①用ＸＡＤⅡ树脂提取各水样中的有机提取物作为待测样品,以呋喃基康酰胺和叠氮钠作阳性对照,以自发回变率为阴性对照,用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌属ＴＡ９８ 、ＴＡ１００ 菌株进行Ａｍｅｓ 试验。以突变比ＭＲ 值评价试验结果。②松滋青皮蚕豆温浸芽约２ ｃｍ ,分别取３ ～４ 粒放入不同水样中处理,同时以蒸馏水、郑州市自来水作阴性对照,环磷酰胺（１ ｍｇ／Ｌ） 作阳性对照进行微核试验。显微镜下观察根尖细胞微核数,统计微核千分率（ＭＣＮ‰） 。结果：①河水有机提取物对ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００ 菌株均可诱发阳性回变;②沿岸浅井水有机提取物能诱发ＴＡ９８菌株的阳性回变;③河水、井水均可致蚕豆根尖细胞微核率（ＭＣＮ‰） 明显增高。④浅井水和河水的致突变性及毒性（ 抑菌圈直径大小） 基本相同。结论：①由于浅井水和河水的致突变性及毒性基本相同,故浅井水中的致突变物质可能来源于河水的水平渗透;②沿岸居民癌症高发与河水污染的潜在致癌性有密切关系,应予以高度重视     

中草药在光合细菌开发中的应用

在培养基中添加一定浓度的木瓜,栝楼,女贞子,郁金等中草药的浸提液,可明显促进光合细菌的生长,其中以栝楼的效果最明显。某些中草药除本身有一定的抑菌作用外,不对光合细菌的抑菌作用有一定程度的提高。指出在水产养殖等实际应用中,添加某些中草药既能促进光合细菌的生长,又可增强其抑制其它细菌生长的能力。     

银杏叶提取液对大鼠血脂水平的影响

银杏树,我国特有,其果、叶应用早在《本草纲目》、《神农本草》就有记载,现代医学表明,从银杏叶中提取分离的黄酮类和萜内酯类等成分治疗冠心病、脑血栓和清除自由基有显著效果［１～３］。本研究按照《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》［４］进行检测,以了解银杏叶提取液对大鼠血脂水平的影响。１　材　料　与　方　法１．１　受试物　　银杏叶提取液,为淡棕色液体,仙居县卫生局提供,主要含黄酮成分,其中主要活性成分类黄酮占２４％、萜内酯约占６％。１．２　试剂及仪器　　胆固醇测定试剂盒、酶法甘油三脂测定试剂盒由宁波市…     

Behavioral effects of hashish in mice

The acute and subchronic effects of hashish extract (20 mg ⁹-THC/kg) on the social interactions between two drug-treated residents and an untreated intruder male were investigated. In this analysis 28 different behavioral elements were recorded.A single drug application suppressed all categories of behavior, except submissive behavior and flight, in dominant and subordinate residents. Treated animals were less active than controls and immobility was very frequent. An elevated total activity, due to an increase in non-social activities, was observed in the untreated intruder males of this group. Social investigation as well as submissive behavior and flight were reduced in these animals.On introduction of an untreated male after the fourth drug treatment of the residents, the drugged males showed tolerance to the sedative and most of the other behavioral effects of the drug, and intruder males behaved quite normally.The formation of a dominant-subordinate relation within the group was influenced neither by a single nor by repeated drug treatment.The acute and subchronic effects of hashish extract on social, especially aggressive behavior of males are compared to those described in previous papers and the variation in the results of the different studies is discussed.