基于熵权法结合层次分析法和反向传播神经网络优选酒萸肉蒸制工艺

目的 优选酒萸肉蒸制最佳工艺。方法 基于L₉（3⁴）正交试验,以没食子酸、5-羟甲基糠醛、莫诺苷、马钱苷、齐墩果酸、熊果酸、多糖、水溶性浸出物含量为指标,采用熵权法结合层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process,AHP）计算复合评分,考察黄酒量、闷润时间、蒸制时间对酒萸肉质量的影响,采用反向传播（back propagation,BP）神经网络寻求最佳工艺参数,并进行工艺验证。结果 正交试验筛选的酒萸肉最佳蒸制工艺为黄酒量20%,即每100 kg山萸肉,用黄酒20 kg,闷润1 h,蒸制8 h,正交试验最高复合评分工艺为黄酒量20%,闷润4 h,蒸制8 h;BP神经网络模型优化的最佳炮制工艺为黄酒量20%,闷润4 h,蒸制7.5 h。BP神经网络优化工艺实际复合评分最高,为97.007 8,与预测值96.358 6较接近,正交试验筛选的最佳工艺实际复合评分排其次,BP神经网络优化工艺优于正交筛选工艺,且预测结果稳定可靠。酒萸肉最佳蒸制工艺为每100 kg山萸肉,用黄酒20 kg,闷润4 h,蒸制7.5 h。结论 建立的酒萸肉炮制工艺稳定可行,得到的炮制品质量较佳,为酒萸肉工艺研究提供了依据。     

氧化苦参碱凝胶体外经皮渗透及大鼠药动学研究

目的 研究氧化苦参碱凝胶的体外经皮渗透影响因素,并对其在大鼠体内的药动学进行研究。方法 采用Valia-Chien 双室扩散池,以大鼠离体皮肤为渗透屏障,HPLC测定氧化苦参碱浓度,以药物累积渗透量为指标,对药物及渗透促进剂的浓度进行筛选。结果 氧化苦参碱经皮凝胶的最优处方12 h累积渗透量为(18.094±1.253)mg·cm^-2,大鼠静注与经皮给药的血浆药动学研究表明,经皮给药的AUC_(0-t)是注射给药的1.9倍(P<0.01)。结论 氧化苦参碱凝胶的经皮吸收能力良好,能长时间持续释放药物,有望成为新的给药剂型。     

Effect of supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on oxidative stress and blood pressure in prehypertensives

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of water-soluble vitamins on oxidative stress and blood pressure in prehypertensives. Sixty prehypertensives were recruited and randomized into 2 groups of 30 each. One group received water-soluble vitamins and the other placebo for 4 months. Further increase in blood pressure was not observed in the vitamin group which increased significantly in the placebo group at the end of 4 months. Malonedialdehyde and protein carbonylation were reduced during the course of treatment with vitamins whereas in the placebo group there was an increase in the level of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, supplementation of water-soluble vitamins in prehypertension reduces oxidative stress and its progression to hypertension.     

Increasing the Proportional Content of Surfactant (Cremophor EL) Relative to Lipid in Self-emulsifying Lipid-based Formulations of Danazol Reduces Oral Bioavailability in Beagle Dogs

Purpose To investigate the impact of a change in the proportions of lipid, surfactant and co-solvent on the solubilisation capacity of self-emulsifying formulations of danazol during in vitro dispersion and digestion studies and correlation with in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs. Methods Formulations from within the phase diagram of the pseudo-ternary system composed of soybean oil:maisine 35-1 (1:1 w/w), Cremophor EL and ethanol were assessed in vitro on dispersion and digestion. The relative bioavailability of danazol after administration of a series of these formulations was also determined. Results All formulations formed microemulsions in the presence of water and no drug precipitation was observed on dispersion. In contrast, drug solubilisation was markedly affected by lipase-mediated digestion and a reduction in lipid (and increase in surfactant) content resulted in increased drug precipitation. Consistent with these data, the bioavailability of danazol decreased significantly when the lipid content in the formulations was reduced. Conclusion A rank-order correlation was observed between the patterns of solubilisation obtained during in vitro digestion and the in vivo performance of self-emulsifying formulations of danazol. In general a decrease in the lipid content and an increase in the proportions of surfactant and co-solvent resulted in reduced danazol bioavailability.     

Preparation of dextran glassy particles through freezing-induced phase separation

The aim of the present study was to experimentally examine whether poorly water-soluble drugs dispersed in a polymeric matrix exist as amorphous nanodispersions or molecularly dispersed compounds. Felodipine (Felo) dispersed in PVP matrix (solid dispersion) was used as a model drug in this study. Drug/polymer ratios have an impact on the drug average particle size, morphology and dissolution profile while solid dispersions containing up to 50 wt% Felo are completely amorphous. SEM, TEM micrographs, and micro-Raman mapping reveal that Felo is dispersed in the form of nanoparticles into the PVP matrix. Due to the high spatial resolution of TEM, it was established that these nanoparticles are not uniform particles, but rather agglomerates of individual particles with sizes smaller than 5–10 nm. Moreover, micro-Raman mapping allowed us to observe the size and spatial distribution of domains where the drug existed as molecularly or nanodispersed. Experimental evidence presented in this work contradicts the common belief that amorphous poorly water-soluble drugs exist only in the state of molecular dispersion inside a polymer matrix by showing that both types of dispersions (molecular-level and nanodispersions) can coexist.     

刺松藻水溶性多糖抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用研究

目的研究刺松藻水溶性多糖(WSPCF)抗肺癌和免疫调节作用。方法采用MTT法检测WSPCF对人肺腺癌A549细胞体外生长的抑制作用,对正常C57BL/6J小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响和对脾淋巴细胞与巨噬细胞抑瘤作用的影响;中性红比色法检测WSPCF对C57BL/6J小鼠脾巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响;检测WSPCF对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长、脾脏和胸腺的影响;采用ELISA法检测荷瘤小鼠的细胞免疫因子指标。结果 WSPCF质量浓度高于1 000μg/mL时,对A549细胞生长有抑制作用,500μg/mL时能显著增强淋巴细胞增殖和巨噬细胞吞噬活性(P<0.05),提高两者的抑瘤效果;与对照组相比,WSPCF对荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率分别为39%、42%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),荷瘤小鼠血清中的免疫因子IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-18、IFN-γ、FAS-L水平均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论 WSPCF在体外对人肺腺癌A549细胞有一定的抑制作用,能提高小鼠细胞和分子免疫应答水平;在体内可改善Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,通过激活机体免疫系统实现有效的抗肺癌活性和免疫调节作用。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定多维元素片中的维生素B2和叶酸

 目的 应用高效液相色谱建立多维元素片中维生素B₂和叶酸的同时测定方法。 方法 以0.5%氨水溶液为提取液,采用Alltima C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm),以50 mmol·L^-1磷酸二氢铵溶液（磷酸调至pH 3.0）-乙腈（85∶15）为流动相,流速0.5 mL·min^-1,检测波长为282 nm。结果 在本方法中,维生素B₂和叶酸分别在11.52~34.56和2.952~8.856 mg·L^-1内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）都大于0.999 9;2种成分和药品中其他成分以及强制降解产物之间均有良好的分离度;2种成分精密度实验的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于2.0%;3个加样浓度的百分回收率都在97.95%和102.3%之间;常温下各种溶液中2种成分都在8 h内保持稳定。方法学比较显示：该方法和《美国药典》方法测定结果具有很好的一致性。结论 该方法准确、简单、快速,可作为多维元素片中维生素B₂和叶酸的同时测定方法。     

三甲基硅烷衍生化GC-MS研究延胡索中 水溶性非生物碱类化学成分

目的:研究延胡索Corydalis yanhusuo中水溶性非生物碱类化合物。方法:延胡索的80%乙醇提取物经DA201大孔树脂柱吸附,收集水洗部位,该水洗脱部位再经732阳离子树脂交换,其水洗脱组分干燥后进行三甲基硅烷衍生化。采用GC-MS检测分析,NIST 2005标准谱库结合具体衍生物的MS/MS质谱图进行化合物结构推断。结果:GC-MS共检出约50个色谱峰,初步鉴定了其中的16个化合物,均为含有羟基或羧基的大极性化合物。结论:16个化合物为首次从延胡索中发现,该研究结果为延胡索的深入开发提供了科学依据。     

Changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system of the brain during early postnatal development in rats

We studied three groups of animals: 10-, 20-, and 90-day-old or adult male rats. This age group corresponded to different periods of brain maturation, i.e., periods of cell growth, intense myelination, and complete maturation of the brain. We found that the formation of products of free radical lipid oxidation decreased during ontogeny, whereas the activity of the antioxidant system increased during maturation. The activity of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase was lower in the brain of developing animals as compared to the adults. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in the cytoplasm also increased during maturation; however, some decrease in this activity was revealed in the 20-day-old rats. Glutathione peroxidase uses reduced glutathione as a source of H⁺. The content of reduced glutathione increased by 20% during the period studied. The activities of glutathione reductase in the cytoplasmic fractions were significantly higher in comparison with the activities in the mitochondrial fractions in all age groups investigated. The activity of the cytoplasmic enzyme reached its maximum on the 20th day, whereas mitochondrial glutathione reductase decreased its activity at this time point. During maturation, the total contents of nonenzymatic lipid-, and water-soluble antioxidants changed differently. Thus, a decrease in the activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes on the 20th day was accompanied by an increase in the total contents of lipid-soluble antioxidants. The maximal levels of water-soluble antioxidants were revealed on the 10th day of postnatal life.     

Sustained release of a model water-soluble compound via dry powder aerosolizable acetalated dextran microparticles

Objective: To design and characterize aerosol microparticles (MP) to provide sustained release of the water-soluble compound sulforhodamine B (SRB) and achieve effective aerosol dispersion.

Significance: Modulating the release of water-soluble compounds remains a challenge in pulmonary drug delivery.

Methods: SRB and water made up an aqueous solution, while acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) and isopropyl alcohol made up an organic solution. The two solutions were mixed together, and the solution was spray dried to produce MP. MP were characterized for morphology, size, release kinetics, aerosol dispersion, and cellular interactions.

Results: Ac-Dex MP exhibited corrugated morphology and aerodynamic diameters from 2.06 to 2.86?μm. MP deposited in all stages of a Next Generation Impactor, with >90% fine particle fraction. MP exhibited encapsulation efficiencies >129% with SRB loading values up to 16.7?μg SRB/mg MP. MP exhibited sustained release of SRB at pH 7 and fast release at pH 5. In vitro experiments showed minimal cytotoxicity, successful uptake of MP in epithelial cells, and no disruption to the integrity of epithelial monolayers.

Conclusions: Ac-Dex MP systems demonstrated the ability to provide sustained the release of a water-soluble therapeutic in addition to effective aerosol dispersion for pulmonary applications.