微量水溶性维生素对胰岛素分泌的影响

目的研究各种微量水溶性维生素对胰岛素分泌的影响。方法每种水溶性维生素和混合的B族维生素配制成浓度为0、0、05、0．25、0．5和1μmol／L的不同维生素溶液,将维生素溶液添加于含葡萄糖0、8．3和16．7mmol／L的大鼠胰岛培养液中,孵化90min后测定胰岛素分泌量。结果维生素B1和维生素B6在0．25～1μmol／L浓度范嘲内埘秧岛索分泌没有影响;生物素和泛酸在16．7mmol／L的葡萄糖浓度条件下能刺激胰岛素的分泌;炯酸在16．7mmlol／L葡萄糖浓度条件下对胰岛素分泌有刺激作用,在8．3mmol／L葡萄糖浓度条件下则抑制胰岛素的分泌;叶酸、维生素C、维生素B2以及混合B族维生素在16．7mmol／L葡萄糖浓度条件下抑制胰岛素的分泌。结论水溶性维生素对胰岛素分泌的作用各不相同,胰岛素分泌量依赖于葡萄糖和维牛素的浓度。糖尿病患者应该注意食物中水溶性维生素的摄入。     

硫酸艾沙康唑鎓合成工艺的研究进展

艾沙康唑是一种三唑类广谱抗真菌药,该药以水溶性前药硫酸艾沙康唑鎓的形式静脉注射或口服给药,它能通过抑制真菌细胞色素P45014DM的生物功能干扰其细胞壁的形成,最终达到抗真菌的作用。本文综述艾沙康唑、水溶性侧链结构片段及硫酸艾沙康唑鎓的合成方法,并对合成路线的优缺点进行评述,为硫酸艾沙康唑鎓工艺的开发奠定基础。     

聚苯乙烯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的性能

以苯胺为单体，过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂，在聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSSA)的水溶液中，合成了PSSA掺杂的聚苯胺。通过FTIR、元素分析和热重分析等对产物的结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明：该法合成的PSSA掺杂聚苯胺可完全溶于水,具有较高的特性粘数、电导率、耐热性。     

Trends in dietary fiber intake in Japan over the last century

Summary. Background: Insufficient intake of dietary fiber (DF) is currently a major problem in the overall promotion of health in the general population in Japan. Aim of the study: To analyze the time trends in DF intake, including DF density (total DF intake/1,000 kcal), and the ratio of water-insoluble fiber to water-soluble fiber (IS ratio) in Japan. Methods: The time trend in DF intake in Japan was calculated from data compiled in the Japanese National Nutrition Survey. Results: The mean daily DF intake (total DF intake) in 1952 was 20.5 g/day, which rapidly declined to about 70 % of the 1952 level in 1970, after which there was little change to 1998. DF density in 1952 was 9.7 g/1000 kcal, which declined by about 30 % in 1970, and remained at about the same level to 1998. The IS ratio has remained stable over this period. Whereas total DF intake and DF density in Japan are similar to those in Western countries, the IS ratios are higher in Japan. Therefore, the higher incidence of, and mortality from, colon diverticulosis, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, etc., which are all thought to be related to fiber deficiency, in Western countries compared to Japan might be due to the differences in the IS ratio. Conclusions: A decline in total DF intake and DF density is predicted for Japan in the future, because these parameters were lower among the younger generation. This may be due to the marked changes in the dietary habits of the younger generation, and is a problematic trend for Japanese health. Received: 26 April 2002, Accepted: 22 August 2002 Correspondence to: Shigeyuki Nakaji, MD, PhD     

Protective Effect of a Water-Soluble Carotenoid-Rich Extract of Cordyceps militaris against Light-Evoked Functional Vision Deterioration in Mice

Light-evoked retinal photodamage is considered an important factor contributing to functional vision deterioration and can even lead to light maculopathy or dry age-related macular degeneration. Loss of visual acuity (VA) and visual contrast sensitivity function (VCSF) are the major symptoms of retinal degenerative diseases. Cordyceps militaris is a carotenoid-rich Chinese medicinal fungus with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory functions. C. militaris extract is a natural substance, and its bioactive constituents have been shown to confer health benefits, but their application in retinal tissue and functional vision protection in vivo remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of water-soluble, carotenoid-rich C. militaris extracts on the visual performance of light-damaged mouse retinas in vivo, using adult female CD-1^® (ICR) albino mice. We showed that oral administration of this C. militaris extract (10 mg/kg, twice daily) protected the neural retina tissue against light-evoked photoreceptor cell death, reduced Müller cell hypertrophic gliosis, and elevated GSH levels and promoted the recovery of VA- and VCSF-thresholds, especially for high spatial frequency-characterized vision. These results suggest that, probably because of its water-soluble carotenoids, C. militaris extract has the potential to prevent or treat light-induced visual dysfunction.     

超高效液相串联质谱法同时测定保健食品中10种水溶性维生素

目的：建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法同时测定保健食品中10种水溶性维生素。方法：样品经过前处理后,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3（2.1×100 mm,1.8μm）色谱柱分离;以0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液和0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过电喷雾离子源多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测。结果：10种水溶性维生素在6 min内完成分离,线性关系良好（r≥0.997）,方法检出限在5~250μg·kg^-1之间。3个添加水平的回收率和相对标准偏差RSD（n=6）分别为85.9%~109.5%和1.09%~0.79%。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,适用于保健食品中水溶性维生素的测定。     

丹参水溶性成分抗心肌缺血的作用机制

心肌缺血常伴随能量代谢异常、氧化应激、肾上腺素类激素水平异常波动等。作为中医经典的活血化瘀药,丹参已广泛用于各种心肌缺血性疾病的临床治疗,其中水溶性物质为其重要活性成分。综述丹参水溶性成分丹参素、丹酚酸和原儿茶醛等对能量代谢、儿茶酚胺代谢和氧化应激的调节作用,探讨其心血管作用机制。     

In Vitro System to Evaluate Oral Absorption of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs: Simultaneous Analysis on Dissolution and Permeation of Drugs

Purpose. The aim of the present work was to develop a new in vitro system to evaluate oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs by utilizing Caco-2 monolayers. Methods. Caco-2 monolayer was mounted between side-by-side chambers, which enabled the simultaneous assay of dissolution and permeation of drugs (dissolution/permeation system; D/P system). Apical and basal sides of the chamber were filled with buffer solutions. Drugs were applied to the apical side as powder, suspension, or solution, and then, the permeated amounts into the basal side were monitored for 2 h. At the same time, dissolved amounts of drugs at the apical side were detected. The amount of drug applied to the D/P system was based on its in vivo clinical dose. Results. Sodium taurocholate (5 mM, apical side) and bovine serum albumin (4.5% w/v, basal side) increased the permeated amount of poorly water-soluble drugs. Both additives were considered to be effective at mimicking in vivo conditions of intestinal drug absorption. From the correlation between the permeated amount of 13 drugs (% dose/2 h) in the D/P system and their percentage dose absorbed in humans in vivo, this system was found to be useful in evaluating oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Conclusions. With attempts made to mimic the physiologic conditions of the human GI tract, in vivo oral absorption of drugs was quantitatively assessed in the D/P system in vitro. This system is quite useful to predict the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs after administration as solid dosage forms.     

商陆水溶性浸出物、商陆皂苷甲含量变异规律与优良种源筛选

目的:为商陆种质资源利用与优良品种选育提供依据。方法:收集全国主分布区商陆野生种质资源23份,考察其经纬度、海拔、农艺性状,用热浸法测定块根水溶性浸出物含量,用HPLC-ELSD法测定块根商陆皂苷甲含量,用DPS 6.55,Excel 2003软件进行单因素方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析与聚类分析。结果:商陆不同种源间农艺性状存在显著差异(P0.05),其中福建、广西种源生长势好,植株高大,茎粗,叶片大而多狭长,块根产量高;不同种源间水溶性浸出物、商陆皂苷甲含量也存在显著差异(P0.05),2个成分变异规律相似,与种源地、经纬度、海拔、农艺性状存在相关性,其中陕西、浙江种源含量较高;与株高、茎粗、叶片长、叶片宽、叶柄长、块根纵径、块根横径、块根产量呈负相关关系,与根形指数、纬度、海拔呈正相关关系,与叶形指数、经度相关性较低;12个生长与成分性状指标可简化为5个主成分,累计贡献率达93.611 9%;23个种源可划分为5类。结论:高纬度、高海拔种植商陆有利于块根中水溶性浸出物与商陆皂苷甲含量积累;共筛选出5个农艺性状优良种源与4个高成分含量优良种源,可作为高产、优质商陆品种选育备选种质。     

药用霍山石斛原球茎的液体悬浮培养

目的:考察霍山石斛原球茎在液体培养中增殖、水溶性多糖与总生物碱积累的特征。方法:在霍山石斛试管苗茎段原球茎诱导与继代培养的基础上,进行原球茎的液体悬浮培养,分析原球茎生长动态,用比色法测定水溶性多糖与总生物碱的含量。结果:霍山石斛茎段在NAA或NAA与KT组合的MS培养基上可诱导出原球茎,MS基本培养基最适合原球茎继代培养增殖;原球茎在液体悬浮培养中最大比生长速率0.044·d^-1,倍增时间15.8 d,最适生长周期为4周,水溶性多糖和总生物碱含量分别是3.75％和0.0261％。结论:霍山石斛原球茎液体培养生长良好,具有目的化学成分的合成能力,为发酵培养开发霍山石斛资源提供可能。