Thoracic duct lymph and PEEP studies in anaesthetized dogs

PEEP impedes thoracic duct drainage (LF). This can be counteracted by a thoracic duct fistula. Consequently, lung oedema (LOE) should develop during PEEP more slowly with LF at atmospheric pressure (LF_AP) than with LF against jugular venous pressure (LF_JVP). In 12 anaesthetized dogs LOE was produced by Ringer's solution i.v. (2.5 ml/min per kg) for 6 h during PEEP (10 mmHg) with either LF_AP or LF_JVP. Ringer's+PEEP greatly increased aortic, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures, JVP, and cardiac output. Colloid osmotic pressures in plasma and lymph were drastically reduced, pulmonary effective filtration pressure (EFP) rose by about 20 mmHg. LF_JVP increased 7-fold, LF_AP about 19-fold, the respective loss of plasma proteins was 1.83 and 1.06 g/kg during 6 h. Thermal-dye extravascular lung water showed an increment of 68 with LF_JVP versus 43 l/h/g per mmHg with LF_AP. Final lung water content was at any EFP (12.8–31.9 mmHg) lower with LF_AP than with LF_JVP amounting 512 with LF_JVP versus 377 l/g/per mmHg with LF_AP. LF_AP decreased the development of LOE during PEEP by bypassing the PEEP-induced high JVP and thus facilitating the removal of interstitial fluid. It is hypothesized that a thoracic duct fistula might aid the treatment of patients with LOE due to ARDS and therefore requiring high levels of PEEP.     

注水瓶连续使用时间对其中水细菌污染情况的影响

目的 探讨注水瓶的连续使用时间。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法监测重庆市某三甲医院内镜中心的5套注水瓶,2019年7月—2019年11月将注水瓶灌注无菌水,于第1、2、3、4、5天每日诊疗结束采集水标本进行微生物学检测,监测注水瓶水细菌种类及细菌菌落数合格率。结果 注水瓶水在第1、2、3、4、5天的细菌菌落数合格率分别为96.0%、82.0%、76.0%、70.0%、38.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。共分离69株细菌,均为条件致病菌,以解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌、铜绿假单胞菌较多,分别为29、10株。结论 医疗机构应充分重视内镜诊疗用水的微生物污染,注水瓶水已成为诊疗水的潜在污染源,为降低内镜诊疗安全隐患,注水瓶连续使用不得超过1 d。     

肝脓肿治疗模式的临床研究

目的探讨肝脓肿的治疗方式和减少并发症的途径。方法对117例肝脓肿的各种治疗方法进行回顾性总结。结果非手术治疗12例,经腹切开引流46列,B超引导下经皮穿刺抽脓或置管引流59例,全部治愈。介入超声治疗组术后平均住院日比手术引流组少6.2d(P<0.01),并发症明显减少(P<0.01)。结论经皮穿刺抽脓或置管引流术简便、安全、住院时间短、费用少,并发症和病死率低,可用于治疗大多数肝脓肿。     

脑室出血的治疗

目的探讨脑室出血的治疗方法。方法选择原发性脑室出血19例,继发性脑室出血21例,其原发出血灶血肿量严格限制在30ml以下,全部病人均采用双侧侧脑室双腔管引流,尿激酶脑室灌注及间断腰穿放液。结果死亡7例,死亡率17．5％,明显低于内科治疗80％的死亡率。结论双腔管双侧脑室引流尿激酶脑室灌注和间断腰穿放液等为目前治疗脑室出血的较为有效的方法。     

胆总管探查内置自行脱落J管一期缝合与T管引流治疗胆总管结石的临床分析

目的 比较腹腔镜胆总管探查放置自行脱落J管一期缝合与T管引流的临床疗效,探讨胆总管一期缝合放置自行脱落J管引流的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月至2020年10月西安交通大学附属咸阳市中心医院肝胆外科156例行腹腔镜下胆囊切除联合胆总管探查患者的临床资料。按手术方式分为自行脱落J管组（n=80）和T管引流组（n=76）,比较两组患者基线资料、术中术后情况及并发症等。结果 两组手术总时间、术中出血量、术后并发症情况无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。自行脱落J管组较T管引流组术后下床活动时间[（18.2±7.2）h vs（22.1±8.3）h,t=3.139,P=0.002]、术后排气时间[（1.7±0.9）d vs（2.1±1.3）d,t=2.244,P=0.026]、补液总量[（5 634.1±432.8）mL vs（6 351.4±547.9）mL,t=13.56,P＜0.001]、拔管时间[（8.7±3.3）d vs（47.1±13.0）d,t=14.966,P＜0.001]、住院时间[（7.9±2.8）d vs（9.4±3.3）d,t=3.067,P=0.003]、住院总费用[（15 489.2±2 217.1）元 vs（18 136.4±2 251.3）元,t=7.398,P＜0.001]差异有统计学意义。结论 严格掌握手术适应证前提下,自行脱落J管引流扩大了胆总管一期缝合适应证,安全有效,相比T管引流具有加速康复、减少住院费用、缩短住院时间等优势。     

Endoscopic internal drainage for the management of leak,fistula, and collection after sleeve gastrectomy: our experience in 617 consecutive patients

BackgroundEndoscopy plays a pivotal role in the management of adverse events (AE) following bariatric surgery. Leaks, fistulae, and post-operative collection after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) may occur in up to 10% of cases.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic internal drainage (EID) for the management of leak, fistula, and collection following SG.SettingRetrospective, observational, single center study on patients referred from several bariatric surgery departments to an endoscopic referral center.MethodsEID was used as first-line treatment for the management of leaks, fistulae, and collections. Leaks and fistulae were treated with double pigtail stent (DPS) deployment in order to guarantee internal drainage and second intention cavity obliteration. Collections were treated with endoscropic ultrasound (EUS)–guided deployment of DPS or lumen apposing metal stents.ResultsA total of 617 patients (83.3% female; mean age, 43.1 yr) were enrolled in the study for leak (n = 300, 48.6%), fistula (n = 285, 46.2%), and collection (n = 32, 5.2%). Median follow-up was 19.5 months. Overall clinical success was 84.7% whereas 15.3% of cases required revisional surgery after EID failure. Clinical success according to type of AE was 89.5%, 78.5%, and 90% for leak, fistula, and collection, respectively. A total of 10 of 547 (1.8%) presented a recurrence during follow-up. A total of 28 (4.5%) AE related to the endoscopic treatment occurred. At univariate logistic regression predictors of failure were: fistula (OR 2.012), combined endoscopic approach (OR 2.319), need for emergency surgery (OR 1.755), and previous endoscopic treatment (OR 4.818).ConclusionEarly EID for the management of leak, fistula, and post-operative collection after SG seems a safe and effective first-line approach with good long-term results.     

高频超声引导下胸腔积液置管引流

胸腔积液临床常见,少量积液常无症状,中大量积液可致患者出现呼吸困难、无法平卧等表现,需通过胸腔穿刺置管引流及时加以缓解。胸腔积液穿刺引流不仅可用于临床治疗,还可辅助诊断不明原因胸腔积液。在超声直视下操作置管可提高穿刺成功率[1-2]。本研究观察高频超声在辅助引导置管引流胸腔积液中的效果。     

负压封闭引流促进糖尿病足溃疡的愈合

目的分析负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)能否促进糖尿病足溃疡的愈合。方法回顾分析自2015年1月至2019年12月,北部战区总医院烧伤整形科收治的糖尿病足溃疡患者60例,并根据患者的治疗方式分为常规治疗组(30例)和VSD治疗组(30例)。统计对比分析两组患者的平均换药次数、平均愈合时间、疼痛程度及满意度。搜集治疗前和治疗14 d后的肉芽组织进行HE染色和VEGF免疫组化染色,分析创面愈合情况以及VEGF的表达情况。结果VSD治疗组换药次数[(5.40±0.28)次]显著少于常规治疗组[(31.41±1.11)次],组间比较P<0.05;VSD治疗组平均愈合时间(29.38±0.63)d显著短于常规治疗组(50.81±2.15)d,组间比较P<0.05;VSD治疗组患者的痛苦程度明显轻于常规治疗组,满意度显著优于常规治疗组,组间比较P<0.05。结论VSD治疗能够促进创面成纤维细胞的增殖、减少炎性细胞的浸润、促进VEGF的表达及创面的愈合。     

Transurethral Foley catheter misplacement into the upper urinary tract in a patient with a history of lung cancer and chemotherapy: a case report and considerations to keep in mind

Indwelling urethral catheter placement is a common and comparatively safe procedure. Misplacement of a urethral catheter into the upper urinary tract is unusual, and only a few cases have been reported. We describe the case of a 43-year-old man who presented with oliguria and had a history of chemotherapy for known metastatic lung cancer. As he had no history of urological disease, urethral catheterization was expected to be uneventful. The catheter was unable to be pulled back to the bladder neck once the balloon was inflated, and the patient expressed discomfort. Subsequent computed tomography revealed that the tip of the catheter was placed in the middle of the right ureter. Unbeknownst to the physicians before urethral catheterization, the patient had severe lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary bladder dysfunction with hydronephrosis, likely due to chemotherapy. Based on the patient’s symptoms and imaging results, we judged the possibility of severe ureteral injury to be low. The malpositioned catheter was removed uneventfully after complete balloon deflation and then reinserted properly. He was admitted to the medical department but died as a result of an exacerbation of the underlying disease unrelated to the incident. If urethral catheter placement seems abnormal, physicians should aspirate and irrigate to confirm correct positioning before balloon inflation; then, they should carefully pull the inflated balloon near the neck of the bladder while monitoring the patient’s symptoms. Although urethral catheter placement is comparatively safe, physicians must keep in mind that patients who have undergone chemotherapy might be at a risk for this rare complication.     

Colon perforation caused by transanal decompression tube after laparoscopic low anterior resection: A case report

IntroductionThe effectiveness of transanal decompression tube (TDT) to prevent anastomotic leakage after rectal surgery has been widely accepted in recent years. However, a rare complication of intestinal perforation due to TDT has been also reported.Presentation of caseA 88-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. An abdominal drainage tube adjacent to the colorectal anastomosis and a TDT were placed. The patient experienced abdominal pain, nausea and elevated inflammatory markers on postoperative day 6. Enema and computed tomography demonstrated colonic perforation due to the TDT, and emergency laparotomy was performed. Perforation of the anterior sigmoid colon located at the proximal side of the colorectal anastomosis was seen, and the TDT was exposed to the abdominal cavity. Therefore, primary closure of the perforation site, peritoneal lavage, drainage tube placement and transverse colostomy was performed.DiscussionIn our case, TDT seemed to compress the anterior wall of the colon and lead to perforation. The looseness of the remaining oral intestinal tract depressed in the pelvis was compressed by the TDT.ConclusionTDTs should be very carefully placed to avoid complication. The length and looseness of the oral intestine and the relationship between the TDT to be inserted might be important.