新型饮水对小鼠繁殖及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的　探讨新型饮水对健康的影响及其保健作用。方法　将矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水、碱性离子水等 5种新型饮水作为唯一水源分别喂饲亲代及子代小鼠 3个月 ,对照给予天然水。观察它们对小鼠体重、繁殖及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果　与天然水比较 ,活化水、矿溶生态水促进亲代雄性小鼠体重增长 (P <0 0 5) ;矿溶生态水使子代小鼠、矿泉水和碱性离子水使子代雄性小鼠体重增长缓慢 (P <0 0 5) ;纯净水使新生仔鼠体重减轻 (P <0 0 5) ,活化水、矿溶生态水使小鼠窝产仔数增多 (P <0 0 5) ,5种水对小鼠受孕率、妊娠率、出生存活率无影响 ;矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水使小鼠肝组织SOD活力升高 (P <0 0 5) ,碱性离子水使肝组织SOD活力降低 (P <0 0 5)。结论　 5种新型饮水对小鼠体重有影响 ,对受孕率、妊娠率、出生存活率无影响 ;矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水有提高SOD活力作用     

Spatial Learning Deficits in Mice with a Targeted Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Disruption

Previous studies in rats using the Morris water maze suggested that the processing of spatial information is modulated by corticosteroid hormones through mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. Mineralocorticoid receptors appear to be involved in the modulation of explorative behaviour, while additional activation of glucocorticoid receptors facilitates the storage of information. In the present study we used the water maze task to examine spatial learning and memory in mice homozygous and heterozygous for a targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Compared with wild-type controls, homozygous and heterozygous mice were impaired in the processing of spatial but not visual information. Homozygous mutants performed variably during training, without specific platform-directed search strategies. The spatial learning disability was partly compensated for by increased motor activity. The deficits were indicative of a dysfunction of glucocorticoid receptors as well as of mineralocorticoid receptors. Although the heterozygous mice performed similarly to wild-type mice with respect to latency to find the platform, their strategy was more similar to that of the homozygous mice. Glucocorticoid receptor-related long-term spatial memory was impaired. The increased behavioural reactivity of the heterozygous mice in the open field points to a more prominent mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated function. The findings indicate that (i) the glucocorticoid receptor is of critical importance for the control of spatial behavioural functions, and (ii) mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated effects on this behaviour require interaction with functional glucocorticoid receptors. Until the development of site-specific, inducible glucocorticoid receptor mutants, glucocorticoid receptor-knockout mice present the only animal model for the study of corticosteroid-mediated effects in the complete absence of a functional receptor.     

枸杞地黄汤改善老年小鼠记忆障碍和自由基、免疫系统异常改变

目的：研究枸杞地黄汤对老年小鼠学习记忆、自由基及免疫系统的影响。方法：采用水迷宫行为实验检测枸杞地黄汤对老年小鼠学习记忆的影响，通过测定皮层、海马中MDA和SOD水平检测药物对老年小鼠自由基系统异常改变的影响，通过测定老年小鼠免疫器官指数变化检测药物对老年免疫系统异常改变的影响。结果：5、10、20g／kg的枸杞地黄汤不同程度减小老年小鼠学习记忆障碍，降低皮层、海马中MDA水平，增加SOD活性，提高胸腺、脾指数。结论：枸杞地黄汤能够改善老年小鼠学习记忆障碍．调节不正常自由基系统和免疫系统。     

晚期肺癌的中医证候研究

目的　探讨晚期肺癌的主要中医证候。方法　采用回顾性与前瞻性相结合的方法进行临床观察。结果　经 χ2 检验 ,不同中医证候的晚期肺癌组之间有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,而血瘀证、气虚证、痰证、阴虚证最为多见 ;晚期非小细胞肺癌与晚期小细胞肺癌的中医证型没有显著性差异。结论　晚期肺癌的中医证候以血瘀证、气虚证、痰证、阴虚证为主 ;晚期非小细胞肺癌与小细胞肺癌的中医证候无明显差异。     

一项新的水质检验——可同化有机碳测定

可同化有机碳(AOC)是一项新的水质检测指标,通过它可以评估供水系统的水中是否有足够的营养物质可使微生物再生长。由于目前尚无可行的化学方法检测 AOC,因此主要是用各种生物方法加以检测。本文介绍用荧光假单胞菌 P—17菌株和螺菌属 NOX 菌株作为测试菌,通过定量观察其在水样中的生长,如从接种到生长至最大数量,以考察其利用水中营养物质的情况,进而推算出水中 AOC 的浓度。     

Differential effects of kindling and kindled seizures on place learning in the morris water maze

There is some controversy about the role of long-term potentiation (LTP) in spatial learning. The authors have found that triggering generalized kindled seizures with stimulation of the perforant path disrupts spatial learning in the Morris water maze but that kindling per se does not affect spatial learning. It is suggested that abnormal electrical activity induced by high-frequency stimulation of the perforant path may have been responsible for the disruption of spatial learning previously attributed to LTP saturation.     

牛磺酸与大脑发育关系的初步探讨——牛磺酸与行为

本实验将断乳大鼠随机分成三组。补充0.6％牛磺酸组(ST组);未补充牛磺酸组(TF组);及5703大鼠常备膳组(5703组)。用水迷宫及食物偏爱性试验观察补充牛磺酸对大鼠学习、记忆能力的影响。结果表明,三组大鼠在水迷宫试验总潜伏期,总错误次数,无误率及持续时间四项指标上均存在高度显著差异。ST:TF P<0.01;ST:5703 P<0.01;5703:TF P<0.05。ST与TF在食物偏爱性试验上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。上述结果表明:牛磺酸与大脑发育有关,表现为补充了牛磺酸的大鼠在学习、记忆等方面的提高。而牛磺酸缺乏对幼鼠大脑及智力发育有不利影响,表现为学习、记忆能力的不足。     

踝肱指数和肱踝动脉脉搏波速度与血管舒张功能联合载脂蛋白B与载脂蛋白A-1比值对中青年冠心病血瘀证的预测价值研究

背景 冠心病属中医“胸痹心痛”范畴,其证候分布以血瘀证最为多见,与老年人相比,中青年血瘀证的发生率更高。本研究在团队前期研究基础上进行拓展,首次运用动脉弹性和血管内皮功能检测联合载脂蛋白比值诊断中青年冠心病血瘀证,旨在为早期发现中青年冠心病血瘀证提供新思路,也可为优化补充冠心病血瘀证的诊断标准提供参考。目的 探讨踝肱指数(ABI)、肱踝动脉脉搏波速度(baPWV)、血管舒张功能(FMD)联合载脂蛋白B与载脂蛋白A-1比值(apoB/apoA-1)与中青年冠心病血瘀证的关系及其预测价值。方法 选取2016年12月至2021年12月于中日友好医院中西医结合心脏内科住院治疗的中青年(<50岁)冠心病患者,并根据《冠心病血瘀证诊断标准》分为血瘀证组和非血瘀证组。收集患者首次冠状动脉造影前的ABI、baPWV、FMD和apoB/apoA-1等临床资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析构建中青年冠心病患者血瘀证的预测模型,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进行预测价值评价。结果 本研究共纳入中青年冠心病患者206例,其中血瘀证组127例,非血瘀证组79例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果...     

行气活血补肾壮骨方在双膦酸盐药物休假期患者的临床观察

摘要：目的：观察益气活血补肾壮骨方在骨质疏松症(气滞血瘀型)患者双膦酸盐药物休假期的临床疗效和不良反应等。方法：将本院2019年12月—2021年7月就诊120例气滞血瘀型骨质疏松症双膦酸盐药物休假期患者按照随机数字表均分为两组。对照组予钙片、阿法骨化醇胶囊、金天格治疗,研究组予钙片、阿法骨化醇胶囊加用益气活血补肾壮骨方治疗。治疗6个月后,比较两组患者骨代谢、细胞因子、骨密度、 健康调查简表(SF-36评分)、脆性骨折发生率、骨折风险评估、中医证候积分、疗效和不良反应等。结果：治疗前两组各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。治疗后研究组骨代谢低于对照组（BGP25.69±4.07vs26.37±4.16ng/mL、PINP35.79±7.38vs37.02±8.12ng/mL、CTX0.85±0.14vs1.26±0.21mmol/L、TRACP8.93±1.26vs13.06±2.59u/L）,细胞因子(IL-1:26.36±3.07vs23.75±2.93pg/mL、IL-6:82.71±6.25vs78.62±9.08pg/mL、TNF-α5.03±1.02vs3.81±1.09ng/L)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）。研究组SF-36评分(87.46±8.32vs70.62±6.59)、西医有效率(86%vs80%)、中医症候积分(23.46±5.32vs21.62±4.59)、中医疗效有效率(84%vs76%)高于对照组,左股骨颈BMD(0.68±0.05vs0.70±0.06g/cm2),脆性骨折发生率(2%vs8%)、骨折风险评估(1.49±0.32vs2.63±0.47)低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论：益气活血补肾壮骨方联合钙片、阿法骨化醇胶囊可改善双膦酸盐药物假期患者(气滞血瘀型)骨代谢水平,抑制骨吸收和炎性因子水平、促进骨形成、提高骨密度,降低脆性骨折发生率和骨折风险,提高中医症候积分、生活质量,从而提高疗效,疗效水平与金天格相当。     

Consequences of fluid absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate using distilled water or glycine 1.5 per cent

This prospective and randomized study compared the consequences of two irrigating fluids, distilled water and glycine for transurethral prostatectomy. Forty-nine consecutive unselected patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate with spinal anaesthesia were investigated. The irrigating fluid was either distilled water (group A, 24 patients) or glycine 1.5 per cent (group B, 25 patients). The absorption of irrigating fluid was measured, all surgical events and any clinical signs of TURP syndrome during and after surgery were recorded. Early signs of TURP syndrome were observed in one patient in group A and in four in group B without further consequence. From all the biological variables, only plasma protein concentration, haematocrit, free plasma haemoglobin and free bilirubin concentrations were found to have changed. Plasma protein concentration and haematocrit decreased significantly during and after surgery in the two groups. Free plasma haemoglobin increased significantly with time: a significantly higher concentration was observed in group A than group B. Free bilirubin concentration increased with time in the two groups and was statistically greater in group A. With the two irrigating fluids, we observed a significant amount of haemolysis and haemodilution without clinical consequences. A low irrigating fluid pressure, a short resection time, and the use of spinal anaesthesia seems to us to be essential. Close observation of patients following transurethral prostatectomy is needed but the choice of the irrigating fluid does not seem to be important. Cette étude prospective et randomisée a comparé les conséquences de deux liquides d’irrigation, l’eau distillée et le glycocolle au cours de la chirurgie prostatique par voie basse. Quarante-neuf patients consécutifs, non sélectionnés, bénéficiant d’une résection transuréthrale de prostate sous rachianesthésie, sont étudiés. Le liquide d’irrigation est soil l’eau distillée (groupe A, 24 patients), soit le glycocolle à 1.5 pour cent (groupe B, 25 patients). L’absorption des liquides d’irrigation, les incidents chirurgicaux et les signes cliniques du syndrome de réabsorption sont systématiquement notés. Des signes caractéristiques du syndrome de réabsorption sont observés dans un cas dans le groupe A et dans quatre cos dans le groupe B sans conséquence ultérieure. Seuls la protidémie, l’hématocrite, l’hémoglobine plasmatique libre et la bilirubine libre changent significativement. L’hémoglobine plasmatique libre augmente significativement dans les deux groupes, avec un taux plasmatique significativement plus élevé dans le groupe A. Avec les deux liquides d’irrigation, on observe une hémolyse et une hémodilution sans conséquence clinique. Un temps de résection court, un faible niveau de pression d’irrigation, l’utilisation de l’anesthésie rachidienne nous semblent trés importants. Une surveillance clinique et biologique attentive pendant et après la résection transuréthrale de prostate sont nécessaires; en revanche, le choix du liquide d’irrigation ne semble pas l’élément essentiel.