血液灌流联合血液透析早期治疗重症野蜂蜇伤的临床观察

目的比较不同血液净化方式治疗重症野蜂蜇伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析汉中市中心医院肾内科2008年7月至2010年11月收治的59例重症野蜂蜇伤患者资料。按患者接受的治疗模式分组,将同意接受血液灌流加血液透析的36例患者纳入治疗组,将拒绝血液灌流加血液透析治疗,只接受普通血液透析的23例患者纳入对照组。结果治疗组患者的心肌酶谱和肝、肾功能等各项指标恢复情况均较对照组好,两组间治疗后各项指标的比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组中25例患者治愈,10例好转,1例死亡,而对照组中仅3例治愈,11例好转,有9例死亡;治疗组病死率为2.78%,对照组病死率为39.13%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.719,P<0.05)。治疗组的治疗效果好于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.620,P<0.01)。结论对于重症野蜂蜇伤患者早期给予血液灌流联合血液透析治疗,比普通血液透析治疗可更好地降低病死率及改善预后。     

血液透析治疗儿童蜂蜇伤致急性肾损伤60例临床观察

目的总结蜂蜇伤致急性肾损伤患儿的临床特征及血液透析治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析60例蜂蜇伤致急性肾损伤患儿的临床特征及实验室资料。结果急性肾损伤患儿透析后胱抑素C、血肌酐、尿素氮显著下降,同时降钙素原、超敏C反应蛋白、酸中毒和电解质紊乱等得到纠正或改善。60例患儿经过透析后45例临床治愈,13例明显好转出院,2例死亡。结论蜂蜇伤最容易致患儿急性肾损伤,血液透析是急性肾损伤有效的治疗措施,能积极的改善肾脏的功能,无明显的酸碱平衡及电解质紊乱等并发症。但患儿预后与急性肾损伤发病年龄,损伤程度,是否合并多脏器衰竭、诊治时机等密切相关。     

Cnidarians and human skin

Cnidarians are aquatic animals including the jellyfish, the Portuguese man-of-war, fire coral, hydroids, sea anemones, and coral. Many of these can harm human skin and rarely some envenomations can lead to a serious or even fatal outcome. This article discusses the varied creatures in this group that can harm man and potentially lead to serious envenomation syndromes. Treatment of cnidarian injuries and stings is discussed.     

RIFLE标准对蜂蛰伤并发多器官功能障碍患者行连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗时机选择的价值

目的分析以连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗RIFLE标准不同分期的蜂蛰伤并发多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的疗效,寻找最佳治疗时机。方法回顾性分析成都军区总医院、第三军医大学西南医院和新桥医院2006年以来收治的61例蜂蛰伤并发MODS患者资料,其中16例未行CVVH治疗,设为对照组;另外45例采用RIFLE标准的急性肾损伤(AKI)分期,按CVVH治疗时机分A组(AKIⅠ期开始CVVH治疗)、B组(AKIⅡ期开始CVVH治疗)、C组(AKIⅢ期开始CVVH治疗),严格按标准CVVH治疗。对比分析各组的死亡率、平均ICU住院时间、平均机械通气时间、平均连续血液滤过治疗时间以及蜂蛰伤至开始CVVH治疗的间隔时间,并将CVVH治疗前和治疗24 h后的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血IL-6、氧合指数、血肌酐(Cr)、平均动脉压(MAP)等结果进行比较。结果 (1)对照组的死亡率明显高于行CVVH治疗组(P<0.01)。(2)C组CVVH治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血IL-6、死亡率以及蜂蛰伤至开始CVVH治疗的间隔时间均明显高于A、B两组(P<0.05)。(3)A、B两组死亡率及CVVH治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分差异无统计学意义,但B组CVVH治疗前IL-6浓度明显高于A组(P<0.05),平均ICU住院时间、平均机械通气时间、平均连续血液滤过治疗时间以及蜂蛰伤至开始CVVH治疗的间隔时间明显长于A组(P<0.01)。(4)A、B、C三组CVVH治疗24 h后血IL-6、氧合指数、Cr、MAP均明显改善(P<0.01),但C组IL-6仍高于A、B两组(P<0.05);A、B两组CVVH治疗24 h后APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分降低(P<0.01),C组治疗24 h后与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义。结论 CVVH是治疗蜂蛰伤并发MODS的一种有效手段,RIFLE标准对判断CVVH的治疗时机有指导意义,AKIⅠ期和Ⅱ期行CVVH可明显改善蜂蛰伤并发MODS的预后,而AKIⅠ期行CVVH的疗效更佳。     

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to massive wasp stings: an autopsy case report

We reported a case of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following about 300 wasp stings. The diagnosis was based on autopsy findings of acute pulmonary edema, acute kidney injury, hepatic and cardiac dysfunction, and cerebral edema. MODS is a life-threatening complication, and should be considered a possibility after multiple wasp stings. Our autopsy helped to establish the cause of unexpected death due to wasp stings and to elucidate a possible mechanism of MODS.

     

蜂蜇伤致多脏器功能障碍综合征的护理

蜂蛰伤是蜂尾部蛰伤人体皮肤后注入毒素而引起的局部和全身反应.在临床上一般轻者只表现为月部红肿、疼痛和瘙痒,几小时后可缓解.严重时致弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)、肝、肾、心、胃肠、神经系统损害,与蜂毒中含磷酯A、透明质酸,多肽类成分具有强烈的细胞毒性有关[1].患者临床经过凶险,突出表现是急性大量溶血、迅速发生重度贫血、全身细胞损伤、全身过度炎症反应、毛细血管渗漏、全身血容量状况及有效血容量变化快,急性肾功能衰竭随之发生多器官功能不全.     

Animal bites and stings with anaphylactic potential

Anaphylaxis to animal bites and stings poses a significant medical risk of vascular or respiratory reactions that vary according to the patient's response and nature of the insult. Emergency Physicians frequently see patients who complain of an allergic reaction to an animal bite or sting. Although Hymenoptera stings, specifically those of wasps, bees, and hornets, account for the majority of these cases, other invertebrates and vertebrates are capable of causing allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. Many of the causative animals are quite unusual, and their bites and stings are not commonly appreciated as potential causes of anaphylaxis. We conducted a literature review to identify documented reports of anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions to animal bites and stings. This summary is meant to heighten awareness of the diversity of animals that may cause anaphylaxis, hopefully leading to more rapid diagnosis and treatment of this dangerous condition. A diverse group of animals was found whose bites and stings cause anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions. Some case summaries are presented. A potentially life-saving plan is to direct patients to proper follow-up care to prevent a future life-threatening reaction, including: prescribing epinephrine and antihistamines with proper instructions for their use; referral to an allergist to determine if skin testing, radioallergosorbent test, and immunotherapy are indicated; and reporting the case to state or local Poison Control Centers. In some cases it may be helpful to consult an entomologist or a pest control service for help in identification and elimination of certain offenders.     

地震灾区跳蚤叮咬引起丘疹性荨麻疹的临床研究

2008年5月12日汶川大地震后,四川彭州龙门山镇地区有多起跳蚤叮咬引起的丘疹性荨麻疹出现,现分析如下. 一、一般资料 龙门山镇及其属5村均位于龙门山山区,早晚温差大,空气潮湿,5月后进入雨季,阴雨天气较多(5-7月占60%).震区灾民居住多为帐篷,抗震救灾官兵住宿简陋,衣物不能及时更换,卫生条件差.地震后,共诊治416例跳蚤叮咬引起的丘疹性荨麻疹,5月13日到6月13日就诊237例,6月14日到7月25日就诊179例;其中地方居民303例,部队官兵113例;男314例,女102例.     

应用天牛肿腿蜂防治菊天牛的初步研究

在实验室内天牛肿腿蜂对菊天牛的寄生率达83.9%,田间寄生率平均为57.23%,释放的蜂与寄主之比以2:1为佳。