左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统与热球子宫内膜去除术治疗月经过多的疗效比较

目的评价左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统（LNG—IUS）与热球子宫内膜去除术（TBA）治疗月经过多的近期和远期疗效及安全性。方法将77例月经过多患者采用随机数字表法分为LNG—IUS组（39例）和TBA组（38例）,治疗后随访36个月,观察两组患者的疗效、血红蛋白（Hb）、性激素水平、安全性及卫生经济学指标。结果①LNG—IUS组患者治疗前月经失血图（PBAC）评分和经期分别是（258．32±72．75）分和（10．90±2．37）d,治疗后3、6个月分别是（76．10±21．26）分、（9．52±1．61）d和（61．62±17．27）分、（8．32±1．33）d;TBA组治疗前分别是（254．89±67．18）分和（11．19±2．11）d,治疗后3、6个月分别是（58．94±44．09）分、（9．52±1．61）d和（52．83±31．56）分、（8．32±1.33）d,两组治疗前后比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;且LNG—IUS组治疗后12、24及36个月PBAC评分和经期少于TBA组（P〈0．05）。②LNG—IUS组和TBA组患者治疗后6个月Hb分别是（111．68±7．58）g／L和（114．22土6．22）g／L,均较治疗前[（87．90±6．42）g／L及（88．50±5．60）g／L）]明显升高（P〈0．05）,但与治疗后12个月Hb[（116．16±4．29）g／L,（114．16±4．32）g／L）]比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③两组患者治疗前及治疗后6、12个月性激素水平无明显变化（P〉0．05）。④LNG—IUS组和TBA组治疗后6个月阴道不规则出血率分别为72．41％（21／29）和13．89％（5／36）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组阴道排液率分别为10．34％（3／29）和44．44％（16／36）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组均无大出血、宫腔积脓等并发症。结论LNG—IUS与TBA均可有效改善月经过多,纠正贫血,且安全、简单易行;TBA治疗月经过多的近期疗效较LNG—IUS确切,依从性更好。     

防风种子中内源抑制物质活性的研究

目的 通过防风种子提取物对白菜、小麦、防风抑制活性的研究，探讨防风种子发芽率低，播种后出苗缓慢的原因。方法 制备防风种子粗提物并测定其对白菜、小麦、防风种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制活性；制备粗提物的乙醚萃取液和乙醚萃取残余液并分别进行纸色谱分离，测定各区段的活性；用不同溶剂和温水(41℃、45℃)浸种，测定各批次浸泡液的抑制活性。结果 防风种子中存在活性较强的内源抑制物质，且其乙醚萃取液在Rf0．6区段对白菜种子萌发抑制活性最强；防风种子粗提物对防风种子萌发和幼根生长也有较强的抑制活性；防风种子粗提物对小麦幼苗的地上部分生长有较强抑制作用；温水浸种可除去大部分内源抑制物质。结论 防风种子内源抑制物质是导致防风种子发芽率低、播种后出苗缓慢的主要原因。     

γ-巯丙基键合硅胶脱除龙胆提取液中的镉

目的:研究γ-巯丙基键合硅胶(MPS)脱除龙胆提取液中镉(Cd)的最佳工艺,并对其脱镉性能进行评价.方法:采用静态吸附和动态吸附的方式考察镉的脱除率,并以镉脱除率、含固量、HPLC指纹图谱等指标综合评价MPS的脱镉性能.结果:静态吸附的工艺参数:药液浓度相当于0.20 g(药材)·mL-1,吸附时间为120 min,药材量-MPS 15:1;动态吸附的工艺参数:径高比为1:3.5,药液浓度相当于0.20 g(药材)·mL-1,药液流速0.9 mL· min-1,药材量-MPS 50:1;龙胆药液脱镉前后的含固量及HPLC指纹图谱无显著性差异.结论:γ-巯丙基键合硅胶(MPS)能有效地脱除龙胆药液中的镉,脱镉性能良好.     

外感温燥咳喘病机的实验研究

目的:研究温燥对气道组织结构与功能、黏液素基因(MUC5ac)表达和核因子NF-κB活性等影响。方法:138只SPF级昆明种小鼠随机分为常温常湿组、常温燥组、温燥组,每组46只。于处理后第6天与第12天行气管与肺组织超微结构观察、MUC5ac表达、NF-κB活性、气管纤毛运动(CM)、气道液黏多糖(MS)、IgG与分泌型IgA(SIgA)及二棕榈酰卵磷酯(DPPC)含量的影响。结果:与常温常湿组比较,常温燥组第6天、第12天气道组织改变不明显;温燥组气管上皮细胞鳞状化生与纤毛缺损、腺体化生伴炎性细胞浸润,肺泡瘀血伴肺气肿,超微结构显示Ⅱ型肺泡细胞(ATⅡ)嗜锇板层小体数量减少与线粒体肿胀;温燥组CM加快、MUC5a mRNA表达上调但NF-κB活性下降、RM、IgG、SIgA与DP-PC下降(P<0.01)。结论:温燥袭肺使受邪部位津液骤伤、抗体含量下降和削弱"纤毛-黏液毯"御邪之功,MUC5ac基因表达上调和NF-κB活性受抑可致ATⅡ分泌肺泡表面活性物质功能障碍而损调节肺通气之功,肺失输布则炎性之物聚而为痰致病,结果为温燥之"痰、咳、喘"诸证提供实验证据。     

杨志旭治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎用药规律

目的：探析杨志旭教授治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）的用药规律。方法：收集2020年2月1日至3月21日杨教授在武汉市金银潭医院救治新冠肺炎患者的50张处方,采用频数法分析用药规律。结果：50张处方涉及57味中药,合计用药频次646次,使用频次>30次的分别为黄芪、贯众、金银花、苦杏仁、百合、麻黄、茯苓、瓜蒌;四气中以寒性多见;五味位居前3位的是甘、苦、辛;归经位居前3位的是肺经、胃经、脾经;功效位居前3位的是清热药、化痰止咳药、补虚药。结论：杨志旭教授治疗新冠肺炎寒温并用、甘苦兼施,以治肺为主,注重固护脾胃,将清热药、化痰止咳药、补虚药协同配伍,以扶正解毒贯穿治疗始终,并根据疾病特点随症加减。     

林培政教授从“暑湿”论治成人风疹病毒性脑炎验案

成人风疹病毒性脑炎是风疹病毒感染的少见并发症,是一种累及神经系统的罕见病,目前发病机制尚未明确,尚无特异治疗,西医以抗病毒、抗炎、增强免疫力等治疗为主。林培政教授以温病理论为指导,结合患者发病特点,辨病为暑湿病,辨证先后属暑湿弥漫三焦、困阻中下焦、暑湿伤气,分别以清暑化湿、宣通三焦,清暑化湿、健脾化湿消积,清暑化湿、培元和中为法,完全治愈1例成人风疹病毒性脑炎患者,无任何后遗症,疗效确切。     

太原市主要交通路口汽车尾气污染状况

目的了解太原市主要交通路口汽车尾气污染状况,为控制汽车尾气污染提供依据。方法选择太原市交通路口A和B作为监测点,2008年3—4月各自连续采样一周。采用质量法测定细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度。索氏提取法提取PM2.5无机成分,采用原子荧光仪测定无机成分中砷、汞,采用原子吸收仪测定镍、镉、铬、铅、矾,采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定NO_x,采用非色散红外吸收法测定CO。结果A路口空气中PM2.5日均浓度为1.604 mg/m~3,显著高于B路口(0.64 mg/m~3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A路口空气中镍、铅、汞、镉、铬5种元素的浓度均高于B路口,汞、铅浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A路口空气镍浓度最高达0.842μg/m~3。A路口的CO和NO_x浓度分别为5.054、0.106 mg/m~3,显著高于B路口(0、0.063mg/m~3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论太原市主要交通路口汽车尾气污染严重,特别是PM2.5、CO和镍。     

Adsorption of Heavy Metals Ions from Mining Metallurgical Tailings Leachate Using a Shell-Based Adsorbent: Characterization,Kinetics and Isotherm Studies

This study defines the optimal parameters that allow the use of waste mollusk shells (WS) to remove heavy metals from three mining and metallurgical leachates. First, the influence of parameters such as pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose and the presence of co-ions in Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ adsorption was investigated in synthetic solutions. Metal uptake was found to be dependent on the initial pH of the solution, the removal rate increasing with the increase in pH, showing the highest affinity at pH 5–6. The removal efficiency at lower concentrations was greater than at higher values. The competitive adsorption results on bimetallic solutions showed that the adsorption capacity of the sorbent was restricted by the presence of other ions and suppressed the uptake of heavy metals compared to the single adsorption. Cu²⁺ was the metal that most inhibited the removal of Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ and the Freundlich isotherm, for Ni²⁺. The data showed that the maximum adsorption capacity a_max for Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, was 526.32 mg g⁻¹, 555.56 mg g⁻¹ and 769.23 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Sorption kinetics data best fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results obtained in the tests with three mining and metallurgical leachates showed that WS were effective in simultaneously removing several heavy metals ions such as Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Ni, As and Se.     

Recent Advances in Adsorptive Nanocomposite Membranes for Heavy Metals Ion Removal from Contaminated Water: A Comprehensive Review

Water contamination is one of the most urgent concerns confronting the world today. Heavy metal poisoning of aquatic systems has piqued the interest of various researchers due to the high toxicity and carcinogenic consequences it has on living organisms. Due to their exceptional attributes such as strong reactivity, huge surface area, and outstanding mechanical properties, nanomaterials are being produced and employed in water treatment. In this review, recent advances in the use of nanomaterials in nanoadsorptive membrane systems for wastewater treatment and heavy metal removal are extensively discussed. These materials include carbon-based nanostructures, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and layered double hydroxide-based compounds. Furthermore, the relevant properties of the nanostructures and the implications on their performance for water treatment and contamination removal are highlighted. The hydrophilicity, pore size, skin thickness, porosity, and surface roughness of these nanostructures can help the water permeability of the nanoadsorptive membrane. Other properties such as surface charge modification and mechanical strength can improve the metal adsorption effectiveness of nanoadsorptive membranes during wastewater treatment. Various nanocomposite membrane fabrication techniques are also reviewed. This study is important because it gives important information on the roles of nanomaterials and nanostructures in heavy metal removal and wastewater treatment.     

Warm Mix Asphalt Binder Utilizing Water Foaming and Fluxing Using Bio-Derived Agent

The present paper investigates the effects of simultaneous mechanical foaming using water and fluxing with a bio-derived agent on the properties of three distinct asphalt binders: 50/70 paving-grade bitumen, 45/80–55 polymer-modified bitumen, and 45/80–80 highly modified asphalt binder. The testing involved classical tests for assessing binder consistency (penetration at 25 °C, ring and ball softening point, Fraass breaking point, and dynamic viscosity) as well as performance tests (high and low Superpave critical temperatures and multiple stress creep recovery). The tests included assessment directly after asphalt binder foaming and were repeated after a 14-day period. It was shown that bitumen foaming had only short-term effects on the asphalt binders, which did not persist in the repeated tests after 14 days. The fluxing agent that was utilized caused significant changes in the consistency of all asphalt binders. The changes in the performance characteristics of the 50/70 and 45/80–55 binders were severe and amounted to a significant decrease in high-temperature performance of these binders. On the other hand, an improvement in all performance characteristics in the case of the 45/80–80 asphalt binder was observed as a result of the applied processes, particularly when measured 14 days after foaming. This study shows that the simultaneous use of foaming and the fluxing additive decreased the dynamic viscosity of the 45/80–80 binder, while improving its properties relating the pavement performance.