伏立康唑引起肝功能损害1例报道

本文报道临床药师参与治疗的1例肺曲霉菌感染合并药物性肝损老年患者,临床药师从抗感染药物的选择、给药剂量、不良反应监测等方面为患者制定个体化给药方案及进行药学监护,并进行分析总结。临床药师与医生共同组成治疗团队,有利于提高临床治疗水平,促进合理用药。     

Endophthalmitis as primary clinical manifestation of fatal fusariosis in an allogeneic stem cell recipient

M. Kapp, M. Schargus, T. Deuchert, J. Springer, F. Wendel, J. Loeffler, G.U. Grigoleit, O. Kurzai, W. Heinz, H. Einsele, G. Stuhler. Endophthalmitis as primary clinical manifestation of fatal fusariosis in an allogeneic stem cell recipient.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 374–379. All rights reserved Abstract: The occurrence of infections due to previously rare opportunistic pathogens is increasing despite the use of novel treatment strategies for immunocompromised patients. Here, we report the case of a patient presenting with fever, muscle pain, and bilateral endophthalmitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Fusarium solani was isolated from peripheral blood samples and identified as the cause of gradual bilateral vision loss, despite appropriate antifungal prophylaxis, and therapy including vitrectomy and intraocular instillation of antifungal agents. The patient became comatose; basal meningitis involving both optic nerves was suspected based on magnetic resonance tomography. The patient died 8 days later due to septic multi‐organ failure. Autopsy revealed that both kidneys, but no other organs, were infiltrated by Fusarium. No fungus was found in cerebral tissues or cerebrospinal fluid. Our case demonstrates some of the typical clinical features of systemic fusariosis and its potentially fatal outcome. The clinical observations reported here may help clinicians caring for immunocompromised patients to accelerate diagnosis and initiate treatment early at the onset of this fatal complication, and highlight the urgent need for interdisciplinary management of invasive fusariosis.     

Skin Cancer in Transplant Recipients,Out of the Woods. Scientific Retreat of the ITSCC and SCOPE

The International Transplant Skin Cancer Collaborative (ITSCC) is an organization of more than 300 members dedicated to the study and care of skin changes that develop in solid‐organ transplant recipients. This group of medical and surgical dermatologists, transplant surgeons and basic science researchers was formed to better understand the basic science of transplant dermatology, and to work collaboratively to address the clinical challenges in this patient population. Transplant patients have an ～100‐fold increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma than the general population and are also at an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. In October 2010, ITSCC and its European counterpart Skin Care in Organ Transplant Patients Europe (SCOPE) held a joint biennial 4‐day scientific retreat in the woods near Essex, Massachusetts. In this meeting report we provide an up‐to‐date distillation of the novel findings presented in the 21 oral abstracts, at the tumor board and within the working groups.     

An open‐label study of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia/invasive candidiasis in Latin America

Incidence and mortality of candidaemia/invasive candidiasis (C/IC) is relatively high in Latin America versus North America and Europe. To assess efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) anidulafungin in Latin American adults with documented C/IC. All patients in this open‐label study received initial IV anidulafungin with optional step‐down to oral voriconazole after 5 days; total treatment duration was 14–42 days. The primary endpoint was global response (clinical + microbiological response) at end of treatment (EOT); missing/indeterminate responses were failures. The study enrolled 54 patients; 44 had confirmed C/IC within 96 h before study entry and comprised the modified intent‐to‐treat population. Global response at EOT was 59.1% (95% CI: 44.6, 73.6), with 13 missing/indeterminate assessments. Thirty‐day all‐cause mortality was 43.1%. Fourteen patients (31.8%) were able to step‐down to oral voriconazole; these patients had lower baseline acute physiological assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores and were less likely to have solid tumours or previous abdominal surgery. Anidulafungin was generally well tolerated with few treatment‐related adverse events. Anidulafungin was associated with relatively low response rates influenced by a high rate of missing/indeterminate assessments and mortality comparable to other recent candidaemia studies in Latin America. In a subset of patients with lower APACHE II scores, short‐course anidulafungin followed by oral voriconazole was successful.     

伏立康唑治疗艾滋病相关马尔尼菲青霉菌感染的临床观察

目的初步了解伏立康唑治疗艾滋病（AIDS）合并播散性马尔尼菲青霉菌病（PSM）的疗效和安全性。方法选择2008年1月至2010年6月期间在广州市第八人民医院感染科住院经血/骨髓培养确证的18例艾滋病合并PSM患者,全部给予伏立康唑规范治疗4周,观察其临床疗效及安全性。结果 18例患者CD4＋T细胞计数均小于50copies/μl,以反复发热、乏力、咳嗽、消瘦、皮疹等为主要临床表现。经用伏立康唑治疗14d后,有效6例（33.3%）,显效7例（38.9%）,无效5例（27.8%）,总有效率72.2%。治疗28d时,有效11例（61.1%）,显效3例（16.7%）,无效4例（22.2%）,总有效率77.8%。治疗后TB疗前-疗后为（12.68±20.74）μmol/L（P=0.02）、ALT疗前-疗后（20.80±35.17）U/L（P=0.02）、AST疗前-疗后（86.01±110.07）U/L（P〈0.01）,三个指标均较治疗前降低,且差异有统计学意义;CR疗前-疗后（0.497μmol/L,P=0.62）、BUN疗前-疗后（0.631mmol/L,P=0.53）、K＋疗前-疗后[（0.15±0.90）mmol/L,P=0.49],三个指标治疗前后差异无统计学意义。结论伏立康唑治疗AIDS合并PSM疗效较确切,肝肾损害等不良反应少,可达预期疗效。     

42例伏立康唑治疗肺真菌感染患者的不良反应

目的:评价伏立康唑治疗肺真菌感染的不良反应。方法:2012年3月至2012年12月,临床药师在呼吸科病房对应用伏立康唑的患者给予药学监护,重点监测不良反应。对应用伏立康唑前后进行相关的实验室检查,采用Naranjo法评定药物与不良反应因果关系。对患者的用药情况,不良反应发生时间、临床表现、持续时间、处理方法、临床转归等进行描述与评价。结果:42例患者中15例发生伏立康唑相关不良反应,不良反应发生率为35.7%。由于相互作用导致严重不良反应2例。结论:伏立康唑易发生药物相互作用,不良反应较多,应密切监测不良反应,谨慎合并用药。     

Current treatment options for chronic granulomatous disease

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder of phagocytic cells which results in a susceptibility to infections of catalase-positive bacteria and fungi (especially Aspergillus species), as well as granuloma formation. The mainstay of therapy is antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for the prevention of bacterial infection, while itraconazole is most widely used for the prevention of fungal infection. Immunomodulatory agents, such as IFN-γ, have a role in the prevention and treatment of intractable infection. New antifungal agents provide the promise of improved cure rates for invasive Aspergillus, while bone marrow transplants and gene therapy may offer the promise of complete cure.