志愿者参与的奥马哈系统干预防范社区老年人失能风险研究

目的 探讨志愿者参与的奥马哈系统干预对社区老年人失能风险的影响。方法 2022年3~9月,将120例社区老年人随机分为对照组、观察组和志愿者组。对照组为空白对照,观察组给予基于奥马哈系统的综合干预,志愿者组引入志愿者参与综合干预,共干预3个月。分别于干预前、干预3个月后采用奥马哈结局评价表、老年人失能风险评价量表、世界卫生组织生活质量测定简表评价干预效果。结果 干预后,志愿者组和观察组健康行为领域的各项目得分均高于对照组,其中志愿者组营养、身体活动、个人照料得分更高（均P＜0.05）;志愿者组和观察组的失能风险评价量表总分显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）;志愿者组和观察组生活质量得分显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 志愿者参与基于奥马哈系统的综合干预,能够改善老年人的健康行为,降低老年人的失能风险,提高其生活质量。     

灵益胶囊用于健康人的耐受性观察

为了考察灵益胶囊在健康人体的耐受性,采用与安慰剂的随机双盲对照研究,征集３６名健康自愿受试者,随机分为６组,接受灵益胶囊和安慰剂的单剂量空胜利顿服,结果发现灵益胶囊的安全单剂量范围为１．６－６．４克,主要不良反应为口干、等大部分为轻度不良反应,少部分为中度反应,无需处理自行消失。     

Topical treatment with sacran,a sulfated polysaccharide from Aphanothece sacrum,improves corneocyte‐derived parameters

Sacran, a polysaccharide isolated from Aphanothece sacrum (Suizenji‐nori) alga, has unique characteristics in terms of its physiological properties and effects on the skin, and has recently become a focus of attention as a novel biomaterial. In a previous study, we reported the unique physical characteristics of sacran, which forms a gel‐like film containing water in the presence of polyols. This film resists penetration by water and chemicals. We expected this unique physical characteristic to act as an artificial barrier upon the application of sacran to the skin. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of sacran application in healthy individuals who reported previous symptoms of dry or inflamed skin, to evaluate the potential benefits of sacran for skin care in patients with mild atopic dermatitis. Compared with placebo, sacran‐containing serum did not significantly alter either the water content of the skin surface or transepidermal water loss. However, subjects using the serum showed improvements in corneocyte parameters including size, percentage of thick abrasion, ratio of SH to SS groups, ratio of interleukin (IL)‐1 receptor antagonist to IL‐1α, and carbonylated protein level. These results indicate that the sulfated polysaccharide sacran is an effective agent for improving or maintaining the skin conditions.     

生活垃圾分类减量社会动员工作探讨

以上海市为例,分析生活垃圾分类减量社会动员工作的现状、存在问题,提出了提高社会宣传、评价、激励工作有效性的具体对策。     

“志愿服务在医院”的实践探讨

在医院搭建志愿服务平台,明确开展志愿服务在医院的意义和目的,通过成立医院志愿者协会、制定规章制度、招募和甄选志愿者、建立志愿者培训体系、设立服务岗位和服务时间、召开志愿者协会年会等方面的志愿服务在医院实践,满足医院突显的非医疗性服务需求,可望成为医患沟通的平台,弥补医院管理中的不足。建立志愿服务在医院的长效机制,形成志愿服务常态化、规范化。     

Ⅰ期临床药物试验中健康志愿者一般状况分析

目的 分析Ⅰ期临床药物试验中健康志愿者的一般状况.方法 选择2009年1月到2010年8月在本院药物临床试验机构参加Ⅰ期临床药物试验筛选的177名健康志愿者,对一般资料及实验室、体格检查、心电图检查进行汇总分析.结果 参加筛选的健康志愿者男女性别比值为2.53(170:70),红细胞计数及血红蛋白异常的比例男性均比女性高(P＜0.05),且低年龄组(＜28岁)血红蛋白异常的比例更高(P＜0.05);男性的中性粒细胞计数异常的比例为6.5%(女性:15.7%),与女性比较差别有统计学意义(x2=3.90,P＜0.05);男性的血糖异常比例为34.6%(女性:20.0%),与女性比较差别有统计学意义(x2=4.39,P=0.036＜0.05).结论 筛选Ⅰ期临床药物试验的健康志愿者时,男性及低年龄(＜28岁)志愿者,应注意检查红细胞计数及血红蛋白、血糖;而女性志愿者注意监测中性粒细胞计数.     

医院护士参与志愿养老服务体验的质性研究

目的 了解医院护士参加志愿养老服务的体验,为制定志愿服务策略、促进志愿养老服务发展提供参考。 方法 采用目的抽样法选取18名医院护士进行一对一半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。 结果 共提炼出医院护士参与志愿养老服务体验的3个主题7个次主题：双重动机（职业价值倡导,个人价值追求）;收获与挑战（积极情绪体验,自我成长与发展,困难与挑战）;反思与期望（志愿团队缺乏组织与管理,志愿服务需要个人-组织-社区共同参与）。 结论 护士在参与志愿养老服务过程中获得积极的情感体验和自我成长的机会,也遇到一定的压力;应增强护士志愿动机,减少志愿服务障碍,促进个人、组织和社区的共同参与。     

健康志愿者肾上腺素药物实验中U波形态改变初步探讨

目的:探寻正常人群体表心电图上U波可能的产生机制。方法:采用12导体表心电图同步记录技术,观察33例健康志愿者在剂量递增肾上腺素药物滴注前后体表心电图上U波变化情况。结果:33例健康志愿者平均年龄(24.45±2.21)岁,其中男16例,女17例。在较高剂量肾上腺素[≥0.1μg/(kg·min)]滴注后观察到26例健康志愿者体表心电图上表现为出现明显U波或原有U波振幅增加。结论:肾上腺素药物可能是导致体表心电图上U波产生的机制之一。     

Human epididymis protein 4 is a new biomarker to predict the prognosis of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease

BackgroundThe clinical course and prognosis of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILDs) vary between individuals. Notably, predictive serum biomarkers for disease management are needed. Serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is reportedly elevated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary ?brosis (IPF); however, its clinical utility remains unknown. We evaluated the potential of serum HE4 as a biomarker for patients with PF-ILD.MethodsSerum HE4 was measured in a retrospective study consisting of 34 patients with PF-ILD and 40 healthy volunteers. The relationship between serum HE4 levels and clinical parameters or prognosis was investigated. To validate the significance of results obtained, a prospective observational study was performed in 37 patients presenting PF-ILD and 40 control patients without PF-ILD.ResultsSerum HE4 levels were higher in patients with PF-ILD than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.01). Moreover, serum HE4 levels correlated with the extent of honeycombing on chest high-resolution computed tomography (r = 0.41, P = 0.015). In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model, higher HE4 levels (>238 pmol/L) were associated with an elevated mortality risk; hazard ratio (HR) 7.27, 95% CI 1.56–34.0, P = 0.01 in the derivation cohort; HR 44.3, 95% CI 4.19–468, P < 0.01 in validation cohort.ConclusionsSerum HE4 levels may serve as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with PF-ILD.     

Implementation and Evaluation of a Life Narrative Interview Program for Medical Inpatients

Objectives: Two studies in the early 1990s demonstrated that life narrative interviews conducted by age-peer volunteers strengthened the coping of older patients undergoing invasive medical procedures. The present article reports on the implementation of a similar life narrative interview program for medical inpatients and subsequent evaluation of the mood and coping effects of the intervention.

Methods: Three volunteers (mean age = 69 years) were trained to administer 45- to 60-minute life narrative interviews. Fifty-three inpatients (mean age = 70 years) on various units of a Mid-Atlantic non-profit hospital agreed to participate. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Coping Self-Efficacy Inventory (CSEI) were administered before and after the interviews.

Results: T-tests indicated a significant increase in positive affect and decrease in negative affect following the interview but no changes in the CSEI. Patient satisfaction questions administered after the interview indicated that patients had a high level of satisfaction with the interview experience.

Conclusions: The life narrative interview program appeared to improve the overall mood of participants while providing a satisfying activity to engage in while in the hospital.

Clinical Implications: The project demonstrated a cost-effective method for employing volunteers to enhance the experience of patients at healthcare facilities.