上海市奉贤区2009—2011年献血人群HBsAg阳性率调查

[目的]了解上海市奉贤区献血人群的HBsAg感染情况及特点,为预防乙型肝炎病毒经输血传播提供依据。[方法]对"上海市采供血信息系统"中2009—2011年的团体预约献血人群HBsAg感染率资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]20 019名团体预约无偿献血者中,HBsAg检测呈阳性者437名,阳性率为2.18%,其中男性阳性率为2.79%,女性阳性率为1.32%,男性高于女性。HBsAg阳性率以18～20岁年龄段的人群最高(3.06%),51～60岁年龄段人群最低(0.71%),阳性率随年龄增长而呈下降趋势。[结论]男性献血者HBsAg阳性率高于女性,献血前的献血者挑选等干预措施能降低献血人群的HBsAg阳性率。     

丙泊酚注射液在中国健康志愿者中的药动/药效学研究

目的：丙泊酚是临床上广泛使用的短效静脉麻醉药,本文通过研究丙泊酚的药动学和药效学特征,从而评价国产丙泊酚注射液与进口产品的治疗等效性。方法：采用随机、双盲、两周期、交叉试验设计。共入组受试者24名,于不同周期分别给予试验制剂或对照药,周期间的洗脱期为7d。受试者在心电、脑电监护的情况下给药,给药前2min至用药后15min实时记录脑电双频指数（BIS值）、听觉诱发电位指数（AAI）、心率、呼吸、血压、血氧饱和度,记录麻醉时间。采用HPLC—Flu法测定血浆药物浓度。试验过程中记录不良事件。结果：共23名受试者完成本试验,试验制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数如下：Cmax分别为2．284和2．452mg／L;tmax分别为4和4min;AUC0-t分别为0．706和0．423mg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞分另U为0．471和0．506mg·h·L-1两制剂间的相对生物利用度为93．1％。试验制剂与参比制剂的主要药效学参数如下：BISmin分别为51and53;AAImin分别为18和20;BISAUC0-15min分别为373．4和342．7;AAIAUC0-15min。分别为892．5和850．5。结论：国产丙泊酚注射液与进口产品在药动学及药效学均具有等效性,且安全性良好,故认为二者具治疗等效性。     

Communications between volunteers and health researchers during recruitment and informed consent: qualitative content analysis of email interactions

Background

While use of the Internet is increasingly widespread in research, little is known about the role of routine electronic mail (email) correspondence during recruitment and early volunteer–researcher interactions. To gain insight into the standpoint of volunteers we analyzed email communications in an early rheumatoid arthritis qualitative interview study.

Objectives

The objectives of our study were (1) to understand the perspectives and motivations of individuals who volunteered for an interview study about the experiences of early rheumatoid arthritis, and (2) to investigate the role of emails in volunteer–researcher interactions during recruitment.

Methods

Between December 2007 and December 2008 we recruited 38 individuals with early rheumatoid arthritis through rheumatologist and family physician offices, arthritis Internet sites, and the Arthritis Research Centre of Canada for a (face-to-face) qualitative interview study. Interested individuals were invited to contact us via email or telephone. In this paper, we report on email communications from 12 of 29 volunteers who used email as their primary communication mode.

Results

Emails offered insights into the perspective of study volunteers. They provided evidence prospectively about recruitment and informed consent in the context of early rheumatoid arthritis. First, some individuals anticipated that participating would have mutual benefits, for themselves and the research, suggesting a reciprocal quality to volunteering. Second, volunteering for the study was strongly motivated by a need to access health services and was both a help-seeking and self-managing strategy. Third, volunteers expressed ambivalence around participation, such as how far participating would benefit them, versus more general benefits for research. Fourth, practical difficulties of negotiating symptom impact, medical appointments, and research tasks were revealed. We also reflect on how emails documented volunteer–researcher interactions, illustrating typically undocumented researcher work during recruitment.

Conclusions

Emails can be key forms of data. They provide richly contextual prospective records of an underresearched dimension of the research process: routine volunteer–researcher interactions during recruitment. Emails record the context of volunteering, and the motivations and priorities of volunteers. They also highlight the “invisible work” of research workers during what are typically considered to be standard administrative tasks. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of routine emails, what they may reveal about volunteers’ decisions to participate, and their implications for research relationships—for example, whether they have the potential to foster rapport, trust, and understanding between volunteer and researcher, and ultimately shift the power dynamic of the volunteer–researcher relationship.     

Iranian blood donors' motivations and their influencing factors

Aim: One of the challenges faced by blood transfusion services is the motivation of blood donors. The purpose of this study was to define the motivations of Iranian donors. Methodology: A total of 16 955 volunteers were studied to evaluate their motivation for blood donation in 2003 and 2004. A questionnaire was designed covering socio‐demographic characteristics, history of blood donation and a list of reasons for donating. The donor physician determined the donor's motivation after an interview. Motivation was classified as internal (altruistic and religious beliefs) and external motives. Results: The main motivations were 6629 (39·1%) altruistic, 6552 (38·6%) good for one's health and 1931 (11·4%) religious beliefs. It was shown that 8560 volunteers (50·5%) had internal motivations and 8395 (49·5%) had external motivations. Internal motivations were significantly higher in women, regular and educated donors. Conclusion: This study showed that internal motives are the main reason for blood donation in Iranian donors, especially in female, regular and high‐educated donors. Thus, altruistic and religious messages can be emphasized in recruiting and retaining donors, particularly in this group. Nearly half of the donors were motivated by external factors – mainly to improve their own health status, especially in older donors. This may be due to a psychological impact in which they feel improvement in their general health. As voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation is defined without considering the motivational factor, one might consider a new term such as ‘internal motivated voluntary blood donors' in accordance with their motivation and efforts could be centered about recruiting these specific donors.     

医院志愿者管理及服务创新初探

志愿者管理在各种组织管理中难度较大,具有无偿性、短期化、单一化、缺乏科学性四个特征。苏北人民医院创新志愿者管理及服务模式,采用现代化网络管理、没立“优秀志愿者”奖项、共享服务成果及建立志愿者基金等方式,除志愿者常规服务项目外,还开拓志愿者病房服务、设计志愿者服务项目来保持志愿者组织的活力。     

San Antonio Mental Health Disaster Consortium: Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, a personal perspective

TOPIC: This is the personal perspective of the author's experience during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. As a member of a professional mental health volunteer organization, this chronicles 3 months' experience in the local shelters. PURPOSE: Difficulties with organizational support and structure hampered the effectiveness and functioning of this volunteer organization in the shelters. To identify lessons learned from this experience. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to identify where each mental health volunteer group fits into the organizational structure and what the role of each is. Volunteers need to be scheduled and relieved at regular intervals to rest so as to prevent stress reactions.     

Factors affecting satisfaction levels of Japanese volunteers in meal delivery services for the elderly

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting satisfaction with volunteer work of participants in a meal delivery service for the elderly.
Design: A cross-sectional study with a self-administered survey was carried out.
Sample: Of 364 volunteers assisting with a meal delivery service for the elderly in rural towns A (80), B (159), and C (125), 247 responded (response rate: 68%).
Method: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was administered seeking information about basic attributes, sense of satisfaction with volunteer work, and working circumstances such as human relationships with fellow volunteers, meal service users or professional staff members, opportunities for meetings or workshop, publicity through public relations magazines, and the like.
Results: In multivariate logistic analysis, the sense of satisfaction of volunteers was closely associated with human relations among volunteers (odds ratio [OR] 5.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.84–14.40, p <.01), meal service users (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.37–10.77, p <.05), and professional staff members supervising the meal delivery service (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.27–9.84, p <.05). Human relations were also affected by the emphasis on communication, consultation with supervisory staff members, having opportunities for meetings, having friends with whom to confer, and publicity through public relations magazines.
Conclusion: Satisfaction levels of volunteers in meal delivery services for the elderly were most affected by human relations with fellow volunteers, meal service users, and professional staff members. Increasing opportunities for communication may be important to promote good human relationships among volunteers and volunteer activities.