深圳市药品集中采购对降低药品费用的成效研究

目的:测算深圳市药品集中采购模式下药品降幅。方法:采用拉氏指数法,将同一通用名、同一目录剂型、同一质量层次药品纳入同组分析,计算其加权平均数。结果:在维持2015年销售数量不变的前提下,测算理论金额为53.78亿元,预计节约费用15.16亿元,综合降幅21.99%。结论:总体来说深圳市GPO是药品采购模式的有益探索,在降低药品总费用的基础上保障了临床用药需求。     

基于药品采购金额分析我省第一批国家重点监控药品的监管效果

目的 从药品采购金额角度探讨实施国家监管对我省第一批国家重点监控药品临床应用的影响.方法 统计广东省二、三级医疗机构2018年上半年、2018年下半年、2019年上半年和2019年下半年第一批国家重点监控药品的采购金额,并计算采购金额占比.结果 加强重点监控药品监管显著降低了我省二、三级医疗机构第一批国家重点监控药品采...     

原位肝移植供肝撕裂伤的处理

目的 探讨原位肝移植供肝获取过程中发生撕裂伤的处理方式.方法 对2018年2月至2021年1月清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院297例原位肝移植手术中供肝撕裂伤的情况进行回顾性分析.对供肝撕裂伤进行分级分度:包膜撕裂<2 cm为A级,≥2 cm但<5 cm为B级,≥5 cm为C级;无明显肝实质裂伤即肝实裂深度<1 mm为I...     

Navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Initial impacts and responses of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network in the United States

COVID-19 has been sweeping the globe, hitting the United States particularly hard with a state of emergency declared on March 13, 2020. Transplant hospitals have taken various precautions to protect patients from potential exposure. OPTN donor, candidate, and transplant data were analyzed from January 5, 2020 to September 5, 2020. The number of new waiting list registrations decreased, with the Northeast seeing over a 50% decrease from the week of 3/8 versus the week of 4/5. The national transplant system saw near cessation of living donor transplantation (−90%) from the week of 3/8 to the week of 4/5. Similarly, deceased donor kidney transplant volume dropped from 367 to 202 (−45%), and other organs saw similar decreases: lung (−70%), heart (−43%), and liver (−37%). Deceased donors recovered dropped from 260 to 163 (−45%) from 3/8 compared to 4/5, including a 67% decrease for lungs recovered. The magnitude of this decrease varied by geographic area, with the largest percent change (−67%) in the Northeast. Despite the pandemic, discard rates across organ has remained stable. Although the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, OPTN data show recent evidence of stabilization, an indication that an early recovery of the number of living and deceased donors and transplants has ensued.     

医疗设备预算管理存在的问题与对策

医疗设备的引进和更新要通过设备预算实现,然而,医疗卫生单位在设备预算管理中,还存在重视不够、体制不健全、预算完成质量不高、应变能力差、资金不能得到有效利用等问题。本文探讨通过制度建设,信息公开,建立“精算”意识,充分做好设备预算的论证工作,及时调整预算,以达到设备预算的预期目的。     

创建中国特色的器官获取组织质量管理体系

质量保证是器官获取组织(OPO)的责任,创建OPO质量管理体系是高质量开展人体器官捐献工作面临的新任务。当前我国OPO质量管理中存在着缺乏完善的管理机构、规范的管理流程、科学的评价指标、高素质的专业人才和浓厚的安全文化氛围等问题,有必要从思想观念转变、质量管理体系建设和过程实施管理等3个方面,紧密结合OPO的实际状况,参照国际通用质量管理体系标准进行顶层设计,更需要OPO管理者充分发挥领导作用,确保OPO在质量管理体系的持续改进中高效运行。     

关于规范器官获取组织流程的思考

近年来,中国的器官移植事业发展较快,但由于缺乏系统规范的管理体系,衍生出了一系列社会、伦理、法律等方面的问题。通过分析我国器官捐献与获取现状以及所存在的问题,提示应采取及时发现潜在案例、判定生命状态、规范报批捐献手续、维护脏器功能、获取捐献器官、安抚供者家属、分配捐献器官等一系列措施来完善器官获取组织流程,以推进我国器官移植事业的健康长久发展。     

Early Changes in Liver Distribution Following Implementation of Share 35

In June 2013, a change to the liver waitlist priority algorithm was implemented. Under Share 35, regional candidates with MELD ≥ 35 receive higher priority than local candidates with MELD < 35. We compared liver distribution and mortality in the first 12 months of Share 35 to an equivalent time period before. Under Share 35, new listings with MELD ≥ 35 increased slightly from 752 (9.2% of listings) to 820 (9.7%, p = 0.3), but the proportion of deceased‐donor liver transplants (DDLTs) allocated to recipients with MELD ≥ 35 increased from 23.1% to 30.1% (p < 0.001). The proportion of regional shares increased from 18.9% to 30.4% (p < 0.001). Sharing of exports was less clustered among a handful of centers (Gini coefficient decreased from 0.49 to 0.34), but there was no evidence of change in CIT (p = 0.8). Total adult DDLT volume increased from 4133 to 4369, and adjusted odds of discard decreased by 14% (p = 0.03). Waitlist mortality decreased by 30% among patients with baseline MELD > 30 (SHR = 0.70, p < 0.001) with no change for patients with lower baseline MELD (p = 0.9). Posttransplant length‐of‐stay (p = 0.2) and posttransplant mortality (p = 0.9) remained unchanged. In the first 12 months, Share 35 was associated with more transplants, fewer discards, and lower waitlist mortality, but not at the expense of CIT or early posttransplant outcomes.     

Trends and Patterns in Reporting of Patient Safety Situations in Transplantation

Analysis and dissemination of transplant patient safety data are essential to understanding key issues facing the transplant community and fostering a “culture of safety.” The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network's (OPTN) Operations and Safety Committee de‐identified safety situations reported through several mechanisms, including the OPTN's online patient safety portal, through which the number of reported cases has risen sharply. From 2012 to 2013, 438 events were received through either the online portal or other reporting pathways, and about half were self‐reports. Communication breakdowns (22.8%) and testing issues (16.0%) were the most common types. Events included preventable errors that led to organ discard as well as near misses. Among events reported by Organ Procurement Organization (OPOs), half came from just 10 of the 58 institutions, while half of events reported by transplant centers came from just 21 of 250 institutions. Thirteen (23%) OPOs and 155 (62%) transplant centers reported no events, suggesting substantial underreporting of safety‐related errors to the national database. This is the first comprehensive, published report of the OPTN's safety efforts. Our goals are to raise awareness of safety data recently reported to the OPTN, encourage additional reporting, and spur systems improvements to mitigate future risk.