Serum vitamin D metabolite levels and the subsequent development of prostate cancer (Hawaii, United States)

Objectives: Because several serum studies of vitamin D metabolites have produced equivocal results on their relation to prostate cancer risk, the purpose of this study is to evaluate this association further.Methods: A nested case-control study in a cohort of 3,737 Japanese-American men examined from 1967 to 1970 was conducted in Hawaii (United States). At the time of examination, a single blood specimen was obtained, and the serum was frozen. After a surveillance period of over 23 years, 136 tissue-confirmed incident cases of prostate cancer were identified. Their stored sera and those of 136 matched controls were measured for the following: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.Results: There were no notable differences between cases and controls in their median serum levels of the five laboratory measurements. Odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer, based on the quartiles of serum levels in controls, were also determined. The ORs for the highest quartiles relative to the lowest were 0.8 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-1.8) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1.0 (CI = 0.5-2.1) for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.Conclusion: It is possible that the lack of sufficient numbers of study subjects with low vitamin D levels affected the results. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that there is a lack of a strong association between vitamin D and prostate cancer.     

Sequential T Cell Response Involved in Tumor Rejection of Sarcoma, Meth A, in Syngeneic Mice

We investigated the type of T cell response involved in Meth A tumor rejection in primary immune and hyperimmune syngeneic mice. It was found that a CD4⁺ T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response activating non-specific killer cells such as macrophages, NK and LAK cells, without a specific CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, was the major immune response leading to Meth A tumor rejection in primary immune mice. In contrast, the specific CD8⁺ CTL response was the major response leading to the tumor rejection, in addition to CD4⁺ T cell-mediated DTH response, in hyperimmune mice. Analysis of CD4⁺ T cell clones established from primary immune and hyperimmune spleen cells indicated that a CD4⁺ T cell clone (C9) of primary immune mice (although only one clone was established) was of Th1 type, and induced cytotoxicity in accessory cells by classic DTH in vitro. Eight CD4⁺ T cell clones were established from hyperimmune spleen cells. Six out of the eight clones were of the Th2 type and two were Th0-like. However, no Th1-type CD4⁺ T cell clone was established from hyperimmune spleen cells. All of these CD4⁺ T cell clones, even the Th2-type clones, were capable of inducing cytotoxicity in vitro in T cell-depleted accessory cells, as in an in vitro DTH response. We postulate on the basis of these results that the T cell response leading to Meth A tumor rejection in vivo sequentially changed from a CD4⁺ T cell-mediated classic DTH response to a CD8⁺ CTL response, in addition to a cellular response mediated probably by Th2-type cells, during the process of repeated immunization.     

桂枝汤有效部位A对体温双向调节作用及其机理研究————对下丘脑NE、DA、5-HT含量的影响

在酵母诱导的发热大鼠中，桂枝汤有效部位Ａ（Ｆｒ．Ａ）能降低下丘脑５－ＨＴ、ＮＥ、ＤＡ含量；在安痛定诱导的低体温大鼠中，能升高５－ＨＴ含量。结果提示，Ｆｒ．Ａ为桂枝汤体温双向调节作用的一种物质基础，影响中枢神经递质５－ＨＴ的水平是其机理之一；其解热作用与影响中枢神经递质ＮＥ和ＤＡ的含量有关     

川芎嗪对先天性心脏病肺动脉高压体外循环下血栓素A2及前列环素的影响

目的：探讨川芎嗪对先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者全体上血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）／前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）平衡的保护作用。方法：将３０例非紫绀型先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者随机分为对照组（１５例）和用药组（１５例）。川芎嗪分别于麻醉诱导后静脉滴注３ｍｇ／ｋｇ及转流后加入氧合器中１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，分别于麻醉诱导后、转流１５ｍｉｎ、升主动脉开放５ｍｉｎ、停机后２０ｍｉｎ、６ｈ及２４ｈ采血并测定ＴＸＡ２、ＰＧＩ２。结果：     

维生素E对5/6肾切除所致慢性肾衰大鼠的保护作用

目的：观察抗氧化剂维生素Ｅ对慢性肾衰之残存肾组织和残肾功能的保护作用。方法：在５／６肾切除大鼠慢性肾衰模型上，以假手术大鼠为对照，采用形态计量和生化测定方法，对比分析术后３０、６０、９０、１２０ｄ给予或不给予维生素Ｅ治疗的慢性肾衰大鼠残肾纤维化程度，残肾功能及其活性氧化代谢状况等指标。结果：大鼠术后残存肾小球呈代偿性肥大、肾小球毛细血管代偿性增生的同时，有显著的氧自由基反应亢进、抗氧化能力减弱、肾小球硬化、滤过膜增厚、肾间质纤维化、肾组织羟脯氨酸含量增高、肾功能进行性恶化；而用维生素Ｅ治疗的大鼠，氧自由基反应和抗氧化能力趋于正常，肾小球硬化、滤过膜增厚、肾间质纤维化和肾组织羟脯氨酸含量增高的程度显著减轻，肾小球代偿性肥大和肾小球毛细血管代偿性增生的发生时间后移，肾功能恶化的速度显著减慢。结论：维生素Ｅ通过其抗氧化作用，显著抑制５／６肾切除所致慢性肾衰残肾组织纤维化，延缓残肾功能进行性恶化的速度，而对代偿性肾小球肥大和毛细血管增生无明显直接影响。     

DNA analysis for phospholipase A2 coding sequences of Mycoplasma hominis isolated from women with a normal pregnancy and women with a pregnancy complicated by preterm labour

A possible cause of preterm labour is an increased synthesis of prostaglandins by a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. PLA2 activity has been detected in Mycoplasma hominis. The aim of this study was to test whether chromosomal DNA of M. hominis contains sequences coding for PLA2. M. hominis was cultured in specimens from 5 women with normal pregnancy and 4 in preterm labour. Using sequence alignment, primer pairs for the active part of PLA2 of different species were designed for PCR analysis. No sequences coding for PLA2 could be amplified. Whatever its role in preterm labour, M. hominis is not involved in causing an increase of prostaglandin synthesis. Received: 21 September 1997 / Accepted: 17 January 1998     

一步法分析细胞色素P450 2D6酶活性缺陷等位基因CYP2D6A和CYP2D6B

 目的：CYP2D6A和CYP2D6B是引起细胞色素P4502D6(CYP2D6)酶活性缺陷的最主要的等位基因 ，对CYP2D6A和CYP2D6B的检测可准确(>92%)预测CYP2D6慢代谢者。本研究利用等位基因特异扩增法，建立了一步PCR法测定CYP2D6A和CYP2D6B等位基因。方法：等位基因特异扩增法分析CYP2D6A和CYP2D6B等位基因；右美沙芬作为探针药物测定表型。结果：经130例测定，说明本法更为快捷、更少污染。结论：本法的建立为该项测定应用于临床、指导临床合理用药奠定基础。     

马蔺子甲素和乙素的生物分析方法研究

建立了用HPLC法测定生物样品中马蔺子甲素和乙素的方法。以反相C18柱，乙睛-水（97:3）为流动相，紫外270nm检测，内标物为盐酸氟桂嗪。检测灵敏度为5ng／mL，回收率达75％以上，在10ng／mL～1000ng／mL浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系和重现性。体外和体内试验证明该测定方法能满足生物样品测定的要求。     

刺五加注射液治疗脑出血的临床评价

30例高血压脑出血患者在常规疗法基础上加用紫外线辐射血液疗法作为对照组,另30例在上述疗法基础上加用刺五加注射液静脉滴注为治疗组。结果治疗组显效率96.7％,总有效率100％,对照组显效率60.0％,总有效率83.3％,治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。表明刺五加注射液不仅用于缺血性脑梗塞的治疗,而且也可用于脑出血,对出血量在30ml以下的病例,疗效较好。     

小花五味子中抗HIV活性的木脂素类化合物

目的：从小花五味子中发现具有抗HW活性的化学成分。方法：采用多种柱层析分离进行化合物的分离和纯化．通过波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构，化合物的抗HIV-1活性通过对HIV-1感染C8166细胞致细胞病变的抑制试验得到。结果：从小花五味子的茎藤部分分离得到了4个木脂素，分别鉴定为micrantherin A(1)，gomisin K3(2)，gomisin G(3)和vladinol F(4)。化舍物4具有显著的抗HIV-1活性，IC50=3.51μg／mL，选择指数为27、45。结论：化合物1为新的木脂素，化合物4的抗HIV-1活性值得进一步研究。