Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and the subsequent risk of colon and rectal cancer in Finnish men

Experimental and human epidemiologic data suggest a protective rolefor vitamin D in large bowel cancer. To investigate this association, weconducted a nested case-control study within a Finnish clinical trial cohort.Cases (n = 146) were participants diagnosed with primary adenocarcinoma ofthe large bowel. Controls were matched (2:1) to cases on age, date ofbaseline blood draw, and study clinic. Prediagnostic serum levels of thevitamin D metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D), and1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-DIOHD) were used as primary exposure measures.The baseline geometric-mean serum level of 25-OH D was 11.6 percent lower incases than in controls (12.2 cf 13.8 ug/l, P = 0.01) while serum levels of1,25-DIOH D did not differ by case-control status. No association was seenbetween serum levels of 1,25-DIOH D and large bowel cancer risk. However, theestimated relative risk (RR) of large bowel cancer decreased with increasinglevel of serum 25-OH D and the associa tion was more pronounced for rectalcancer (55 cases; RR by quartile = 1.00, 0.93, 0.77, 0.37; trend P = 0.06).Neither exclusion of early cases nor multivariate adjustment for potentialconfounders materially altered these estimates. There was no evidence ofeffect modification by level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or with other knownrisk-factors for large bowel cancer.     

血小板α颗粒膜蛋白140检测在“病”与“证的”特异性联系

应用血小板α颗粒膜蛋白１４０（ＧＭＰˉ１４０）为血小板活化指标，测定了７４例糖尿病、３６例心血管疾病、５３例肾脏疾病患者的血浆ＧＭＰˉ１４０浓度，并分别按病种及按是否有血瘀证分组比较了各组间的ＧＭＰˉ１４０测定值。结果表明：ＧＭＰˉ１４０在各疾病组患者均较正常人升高，三组间则无明显差异；而在血瘀及非血瘀证明之间则有明显差异。认为ＧＭＰˉ１４０有可能作为诊断血瘀证的一项实验室指标。     

HPLC同时测定护肤粉刺霜中4种有效成分的含量

 目的：测定护肤粉刺霜中甲硝唑、氯霉素、地塞米松磷酸钠及维生素A酸的含量。方法：高效液相色谱法，以氢化可的松为内标，Nova-Pak C₁₈柱，甲醇 水为流动相；变换检测波长；梯度洗脱。结果：一次进样即可完成4种化学性质不同组分的含量分析。甲硝唑6.046 μg·ml_-1～66.51 μg·ml_-1，氯霉素5.872 μg·ml_-1～64.59 μg·ml_-1，地塞米松磷酸钠0.602 2 μg·ml_-1～6.624 μg·ml_-1，维生素A酸0.4654 μg·ml_-1～5.119 μg·ml_-1范围内，峰面积与其浓度呈良好线性关系；平均回收率依次为96.51%，RSD=1.3%；98.74%，RSD=0.9%，96.03%，RSD=1.7%，97.61%，1.9%。结论：方法简便、快速、准确，可作为样品的检测方法。     

杀莠素A对兔软骨细胞增殖和产生NO的影响

研究杀莠素Ａ对ＩＬ－１抑制软骨细胞增殖和诱导ＮＯ产生的作用。方法：ＩＬ－１单独或与杀莠素Ａ共育于软骨细胞,用结晶紫染色法测定软骨细胞增殖,Ｇｒｉｅｓｓ法测定ＮＯ的产生。结果：ＩＬ－１抑制软骨细胞增殖,杀莠素Ａ剂量依赖地逆转ＩＬ－１的作用。杀莠素Ａ还能剂量依赖地抑制ＩＬ－１诱导软骨细胞产生ＮＯ。结论：杀莠素Ａ逆转ＩＬ－１换制软骨细胞增殖的作用可能是通过ＮＯ介导的。     

Retinol status of newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

The etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is not yet known. Studies in the literature from 1941 have reported that nutritional deficiency of vitamin A during pregnancy could lead to CDH, associated or not with other malformations in young rats. More recently, possible correlations between expression patterns of cellular retinoid-binding protein and retinoic-acid receptors and morphologic effects of vitamin A deficiency have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to verify in human newborns the possible link between vitamin A deficiency and CDH previously observed in experimental animals. Blood samples were obtained during the first hours after birth from 11 term CDH newborns and 11 healthy controls matched for gestational age, and also from 7 mothers in each group, for a total of 7 newborn-mother pairs of matched CDH-controls. Plasma retinol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and retinol-binding protein (RBP) by nephelometry. In the 11 matched CDH-control newborns, plasma retinol and RBP levels in CDH newborns were 50% less than control values (P< 0.0002 and <0.006, respectively); in contrast, retinol levels in CDH mothers were significantly higher than those of control mothers (P < 0.005). The observation that the plasma concentrations of retinol and RBP are low in infants with CDH relative to controls may be clinically very relevant and may help to elucidate the mechanism of development of this congenital anomaly.     

Role of Sialylglycoconjugate(s) in the Initial Phase of Metastasis of Liver-metastatic RAW117 Lymphoma Cells

To elucidate the early events of blood-borne metastasis under actual blood flow, real-time trafficking of RAW117 large cell lymphoma cells, namely parental RAW117-P and liver-metastatic RAW117-H10 cells, was investigated using positron emission tomography (PET). Both types of cells accumulated in the liver immediately after injection via the portal vein, and were eliminated from the liver time-dependently. The elimination rate of RAW117-H10 cells, however, was slower than that of RAW117-P cells, suggesting that RAW117-H10 cells interact more strongly with hepatic sinusoidal endothelium than the parental cells. This result correlated with the metastatic potential of these cells: RAW117-H10 cells metastasized in the liver to a greater extent than RAW117-P cells after injection via this route. To investigate the role of sialylglycoconjugates in the interaction of RAW117-H10 cells with the hepatic endothelium after injection via the portal vein, the trafficking of RAW117-H10 cells was examined after the cells had been treated with sialidase. The elimination rate of RAW117-H10 cells from liver was observed to be greatly accelerated by sialidase treatment. To elucidate what kind of sialylglycoconjugates is related to this phenomenon, we analyzed the distribution of sialyl Lewis A and sialyl Lewis X antigens of both sublines of RAW117 by using flow cytometry. RAW117-H10 cells were found to express a much higher level of sialyl Lewis A than RAW117-P cells, whereas the amount of sialyl Lewis X did not differ significantly. These findings suggest that some sialylglycoconjugates, perhaps sialyl Lewis A in particular, play an important role in the initial interaction of RAW117-H10 cells with the hepatic endothelium, leading to metastasis.     

Outbreak of nosocomialAcinetobacter baumannii bacteremia in a high risk ward

Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as a major cause of nosocomial infections particularly in high risk patients. Being resistant to adverse environmental conditions, it can stay for prolonged periods in the hospital environment. We report an outbreak in the medical oncology ward where nine patients suspected of bacteraemia were blood culture positive forA. baumannii from the two samples each, one collected through the i.v. cannula and another through the peripheral venous puncture. The bacteria was also isolated from the environmental sources from the various samples collected. The biotype, antibiogram, cellular protein profiles on SDS-PAGE and the restriction enzyme analysis patterns of the patient isolates and the environmental isolates were similar. This points to the environment as a source of infection. With reinforcement of proper barrier nursing and use of disposable heparine ampoules it was possible to control the outbreak.     

钙和维生素D对高脂饮食诱发的小鼠乳腺上皮增生的影响

本研究目的是观察饮食中添加钙和维生素D对高脂饮食诱发的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞增生的影响。将四周龄小鼠随机分成三组，分别给予对照AIN－76A饲料，高脂低钙低维生素D饲料（试验饲料Ⅰ）和高脂加钙加维生素D饲料（试验饲料Ⅱ）。饲养九周后终止试验，小鼠植入渗透泵灌注溴脱氧尿苷（Brdu）72小时。结果显示试验饲料Ⅰ组的小鼠乳腺终末小导管上皮细胞Brdu标记指数与对照饲料组比较明显升高（P＜0．05）。而试验饲料Ⅱ组的BrdU标记指数与对照组相似（P＞0．05）。本实验研究发现进一步证明，高脂饮食能诱发小鼠乳腺小导管上皮细胞的增生，同时也提示饮食中添加钙和维生素D有助于预防高脂饮食的这种不良作用。     

Serum vitamin D metabolite levels and the subsequent development of prostate cancer (Hawaii, United States)

Objectives: Because several serum studies of vitamin D metabolites have produced equivocal results on their relation to prostate cancer risk, the purpose of this study is to evaluate this association further.Methods: A nested case-control study in a cohort of 3,737 Japanese-American men examined from 1967 to 1970 was conducted in Hawaii (United States). At the time of examination, a single blood specimen was obtained, and the serum was frozen. After a surveillance period of over 23 years, 136 tissue-confirmed incident cases of prostate cancer were identified. Their stored sera and those of 136 matched controls were measured for the following: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.Results: There were no notable differences between cases and controls in their median serum levels of the five laboratory measurements. Odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer, based on the quartiles of serum levels in controls, were also determined. The ORs for the highest quartiles relative to the lowest were 0.8 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-1.8) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1.0 (CI = 0.5-2.1) for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.Conclusion: It is possible that the lack of sufficient numbers of study subjects with low vitamin D levels affected the results. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that there is a lack of a strong association between vitamin D and prostate cancer.