大鼠自体动、静脉移植的血管黏弹性实验研究

通过建立大鼠的颈总动脉原位移植、颈外静脉-颈总动脉自体移植模型,比较自体动、移植后静脉粘弹性力学性质;并将碱性成纤细胞生长因子(bFGF)经静脉给予自体静脉移植模型的大鼠,研究小剂量bFGF对血管粘弹性力学性质的影响.实验结果表明自体动脉移植后的应力松弛蠕变量均高于自体静脉移植组;给予小剂量外源性bFGF自体静脉移植组,应力松弛,蠕变量均大于未给予小剂量bFGF自体静脉移植组.     

低温保存动脉的粘弹性力学评价指标的初步建立

目的 建立低温保存动脉的粘弹性力学评价指标.方法 使用动态力学分析仪(DMA-2980, TA Instruments, New Castle, Delaware, USA) 比较研究不同低温保存方案下动脉蠕变行为与新鲜对照组的差异.结果 低温保存动脉相对新鲜对照组而言,其粘弹性均有损失;随降温速率的增加(1.5, 5, 10℃/min),其粘弹性损失趋于增加,即1.5℃/min 为本研究中最佳降温速率.结论 粘弹性力学性能是低温保存动脉的潜在的重要评价指标.     

Thermodynamic Restrictions in Linear Viscoelasticity

The thermodynamic consistency of linear viscoelastic models is investigated. First, the classical Boltzmann law of stress–strain is considered. The kernel (Boltzmann function) is shown to be consistent only if the half-range sine transform is negative definite. The existence of free-energy functionals is shown to place further restrictions. Next, the Boltzmann function is examined in the unbounded power law form. The consistency is found to hold if the stress functional involves the strain history, not the strain–rate history. The stress is next taken to be given by a fractional order derivative of the strain. In addition to the constitutive equations involving strain–rate histories, finding a free-energy functional, consistent with the second law, seems to be an open problem.     

A new method of measuring arterial dilation and its application

An instrument has been designed and constructed for thein-vivo measurement of instantaneous (phasic) diameter changes of arteries. The continuous record of this blood-vessel dimension, when recorded simultaneously with blood pressure, may be used to estimate the viscoelastic properties of the arterial wall.     

慢性肺源性心脏病患者血液粘弹特性变化

本文报道了病情程度不同的61例肺心病患者的血液粘弹特性及高、低切变率、全血表观粘度等的变化,及其与动脉血氧分压和二氧化碳分压的关系、治疗前后的动态变化。结果表明:肺心病患者血粘弹特性及血粘度随病情加重其改变越显著;低氧血症及高碳酸血症对血粘弹特性有肯定影响;肺心病患者经抗感染等一般的治疗后,血粘度及血粘弹特性仅部分指标有一定程度改善。     

粘弹性条件下槽道板结构的准静态弯曲变形

引入小挠度薄板理论,将槽道板结构简化作支承于地基上的薄板,基于对应性原理和数值逆变换方法,以微槽道换热器为例,解析计算了槽道板结构的粘弹性弯曲变形和粘弹性弯曲应力,并与有限元模拟结果进行对比,由此验证用该解析计算方法分析承压槽道板结构粘弹性能的可行性与准确性。结果表明:解析计算结果与有限元模拟结果基本一致,该方法可作为承压槽道板结构设备力学设计的有效方法。     

Experimental and model determination of human intervertebral disc osmoviscoelasticity

Finite element (FE) models have become an important tool to study load distribution in the healthy and degenerated disc. However, model predictions require accurate constitutive laws and material properties. As the mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc are regulated by its biochemical composition and fiber‐reinforced structure, the relationship between the constitutive behavior of the tissue and its composition requires careful consideration. While numerous studies have investigated the annulus fibrosus compressive and tensile properties, specific conditions required to determine model parameters for the osmoviscoelastic model are unavailable. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to complement the existing material testing in the literature with confined compression and tensile tests on human annulus fibrosus and (2) to use these data, together with existing nucleus pulposus compression data to tune a composition‐based, osmoviscoelastic material constitutive law. The osmoviscoelastic material constitutive law and the experimental data were used to describe the fiber and nonfiber properties of the human disc. The compressive material properties of normal disc tissue were G_m = 1.23 MPa, M = 1.57, and α = 1.964 × 10^?16 m⁴/Ns; the tensile fiber material parameters were E₀ = 77.0 MPa; E_ε = 500 MPa, and η = 1.8 × 10³ MPa^?s. The goodness of fit ranged from 0.88 to 0.96 for the four experimental conditions evaluated. The constitutive law emphasized the interdependency of the strong swelling ability of the tissue and the viscoelastic nature of the collagen fibers. This is especially important for numerical models to further study the load sharing behavior with regard to disc degeneration and regeneration. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1141–1146, 2008     

Early fracture callus displays smooth muscle‐like viscoelastic properties ex vivo: Implications for fracture healing

Cells of early, fibrous callus in bone fractures possess much alpha smooth muscle actin. This callus contracts and relaxes; however, active and passive components of its force production have yet to be defined. We aimed to establish whether passive viscoelastic properties of early soft fracture callus are smooth muscle‐like in nature. Under anesthesia one rib was fractured in rats and calluses removed 7 days later for analysis. Urinary bladder detrusor muscle and Achilles tendon were also resected and analyzed. Force production in these tissues was measured using a force transducer when preparations were immersed in calcium‐free Krebs‐Henseleit solution (pH 7.4, 22°C). Viscoelastic responses were measured in each preparation in response to 50 µN increases and decreases in force after achieving basal tissue tension by preconditioning. Callus, bladder, and tendon all displayed varying, reproducible degrees of stress relaxation (SR) and reverse stress relaxation (RSR) (n = 7 for all groups). Hysteresis was observed in callus, with the first SR response significantly larger than that produced in subsequent stretches (p < 0.05). Callus SR responses were greater than tendon (p < 0.001) but less than bladder (p < 0.001). Callus RSR responses were greater than tendon (p < 0.001), but no significant difference was seen between RSR of callus and bladder. We concluded that early, soft callus displayed significant SR and RSR phenomena similar to smooth muscle tissue, and SR and RSR may be important in maintenance of static tension in early callus by promoting osteogenesis and fracture healing. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1508–1513, 2009