斑点免疫渗滤法检测丙肝IgG抗体试剂盒的研制

用基因工程重组的丙肝抗原包被于硝酸纤维素膜，建立了检测丙肝ＩｇＧ抗体的斑点免疫渗滤法。与ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒进行双盲式同步测定，二法检验结果差异无显著性。渗滤法简便快速，适用于各级医院，有很强的推广价值。     

肾综合征出血热内分泌组织中的病毒抗原、病变及其关系

作者应用免疫细胞化学法研究了HFRS尸检内分泌及其有关组织中病毒抗原的分布,病毒抗原阳性细胞与病变的关系,病变的类型及病毒感染对胰腺内胰岛素表达的影响,所用的一抗有抗肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病毒糖蛋白(G_2),核蛋白(NP)及血凝素(HA)抗原的单克隆抗体(15种)和多克隆抗体(PAb)以及抗胰岛素(INS)单克隆抗体。结果显示,内分泌组织中有两种染色形态的病毒抗原,一种是胞浆弥漫染色的抗原,为G_2,NP或HA阳性,阳性细胞弥漫分布,另一种是以病毒包涵体(IB)形式出现的颗粒性抗原,MAbs染色多为实性,PAb染色多为空泡状。在9例胰腺组织中,有4例几乎在所有腺上皮细胞和少数胰岛细胞均为IB阳性,但PAb染色可在胰岛细胞中显示出空泡状IB。在其它内分泌组织中,IB只在少数细胞中出现。抗原阳性细胞很少出现坏死,但在脑垂体及肾上腺灶性或片状凝固性坏死区域也有弥漫性抗原阳性及IB存在。胰腺组织的胰岛素染色显示,除1例胰岛INS强阳性,其余8例均有明显的INS染色减弱及阳性细胞减少的表现。结果提示,内分泌组织中有两种病变,即以IB为特征的病毒直接感染引起的细胞病变,是病毒的弱致病变作用,该病变可能对细胞的内分泌功能产生影响;另一种病变是组织的灶性或大片性同步性凝固性坏死,是继发于病毒感染后的出血和休克,该病变会     

Renal acid excretion in early infancy

In early infancy, complex disorders of acid base metabolism are more frequent than in any other age group, with a predisposition to metabolic acidosis due to an age-related low renal capacity for acid excretion and an unphysiologically high actual renal acid load in nutrition with common formulas. Recently in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants, persistent maximum renal net acid excretion (NAE) with subnormal or normal blood acid base status, impaired weight gain, and adaptive hormonal reactions have been observed. Incipient late metabolic acidosis is one example of a mixed disorder of acid base metabolism with maximum renal NAE in early infancy. Alkali therapy is highly effective and can be realized both on an individual basis, using urine pH screening as a diagnostic criterium for maximum renal acid stimulation, or on a general preventive level using modified standard formula with a reduced actual renal NAE similar to that seen on alimentation with human milk. From an integrated point of view, the low glomerular filtration rate and renal capacity for acid excretion beyond the developmental age of more than 44 weeks, may well be interpreted as the result of a specific adaptation to breast feeding sparing energy, and thus an evolutionary advantage for the survival of mother and child. Received July 10, 1996; received in revised form and accepted October 7, 1996     

消化内镜病毒污染的现状及对策

从乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒污染情况综述了消化内镜病毒污染的现状，分析了污染的原因以及消化内镜消毒现状。     

重型病毒性肝炎医院感染病原微生物的检测

①目的 了解重型病毒性肝炎病人医院感染病原微生物的分布及耐药情况。②方法 对595例重型病毒性肝炎住院病人进行医院感染的调查分析，并用分离培养法鉴定感染菌，使用E-test法进行耐药谱的检测。③结果 在595例病人中，有182例发生医院感染，感染率为30.6%，感染部位以腹腔为主，占49.7%，共分离出病原菌188株，以革兰阴性杆菌为主，占75.4%，多数感染菌对常用抗生素耐药。④结论 重型病毒性肝炎医院感染发生率较高，应引起足够重视。     

67Ga心肌炎症显像对小儿病毒性心肌炎的诊断价值

目的 :探讨6 7Ga心肌显像对小儿病毒性心肌炎 (VMC)诊断的临床价值。方法 :静脉注射6 7Ga 枸橼酸盐 ,48h、72h后开始显像 ,观察心脏部位放射性浓聚情况 ,并计算心 /肺 (H/L)指数 ,根据H/L指数判断心肌炎性病变的严重程度 (H/L指数 >1.2为阳性 )。结果 :78例病毒性心肌炎患儿中 ,50例阳性 (占 64% ) ,其中急性期阳性率为 84% ,恢复期阳性率为 50 % ,慢性期为 2 9% ,急性期阳性率明显高于恢复期和慢性期 (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :心肌6 7Ga放射性浓聚与心肌炎病变程度呈正相关 ,直接反映了病变心肌的炎症反应情况 ,对诊断VMC有较高的临床价值 ,并对VMC治疗、预后有指导作用     

60例急性病毒性脑炎的临床分析

目的　评价急性病毒性脑炎的诊断与治疗。方法　收集 1993～ 2 0 0 1年 6月的住院病案 60份 ,就临床症状、神经体征、周围血白细胞计数和分类、脑脊液、脑电图、脑CT检查 ,以及单用激素组和激素 +抗病毒毒药组之间的疗效关系进行分析。结果　本组病毒性脑炎可分为六种临床类型 :精神异常 ;持续性剧烈头痛伴呕吐 ;强直 -阵挛性抽搐 ;持续性意识障碍 ;脑神经损害、失语、偏瘫 ;小脑性共济失调。前三型最为常见 ,并且三型之间的临床现象有相互穿插出现的现象。经统计学处理 ,单用激素组与激素 +抗病药物组之间的疗效无显著性差异。结论　急性病毒性脑炎为一种自限性疾病 ,但在没有病毒学检查的情况下 ,尚应和急性播散性脑脊髓炎或多发性硬化作鉴别     

江汉平原鼠间流行性出血热感染研究

为了解湖北省江汉平原流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）疫区鼠间感染状况，采用挖洞法捕鼠，鉴定鼠种、性别和年龄，检查有无皮肤破伤，检测ＥＨＦＶ抗原抗体。结果，黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠占所捕鼠的６９．７％和２３．６％，其ＥＨＦＶ感染率分别为２１．８％和３０．９％。鼠间ＥＨＦＶ感染，成年鼠显著高于亚成年鼠和幼年鼠，感染率分别为４０．８％、１７．０％和１２．４％；皮肤破伤鼠感染率４５．９％，显著高于非皮肤破伤鼠的１３．９％。感染鼠以窝为单位具有明显的窝聚集性，而感染鼠窝在地理空间上则随机分布。感染鼠血清分型，黑线姬鼠以野鼠型为主，少数为未定型；褐家鼠以家鼠型为主，亦有少数未定型。这表明，江汉平原ＥＨＦ疫区是以黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠为主要宿主动物的家野混合型疫区；年龄、皮肤破伤和密切接触是该疫区鼠间ＥＨＦＶ传播的重要因素。     

Shoulder strain in keyboard workers and its alleviation by arm supports

Summary Keyboard work consists mostly of dynamic contractions of the small muscles of the forearms and hands. This is accompanied by continuous activity in the arm, shoulder and neck muscles keeping the head and hand in the correct position. Eliminating the weight from the arm by means of support and the position of the arms influences the electrical activity of shoulder muscles when working at a keyboard. We studied the influence of elbow angle, as well as that of different arm supports, on electrical activity of upper trapezius muscle during keyboard work in healthy workers and persons suffering from shoulder pains. The measurements were carried out in the laboratory. EMG activities, which where measured as mean square root (RMS)-values at every 100-millisecond period in trapezius muscle when working, were lower, the greater the elbow angle. Furthermore electrical activity decreased when subjects used arm supports while working. It is evident that the static load to shoulder muscles can be lowered significantly in keyboard work, when the forearms are at an angle of at least 100 degrees and by using arm supports. The most convienient and ergonomic working position can also be found individually be the method used here.